Tratamento do rádio curvo em cão jovem com associação das técnicas de grampeamento fisário radial, ostectomia ulnar e fixador externo dinâmico transarticular / Treatment of radius curvus in a young dog with association of radial physeal stapling, ulnar ostectomy and transarticular dynamic external fixator techniques

Background: Radius curvus is a clinical manifestation of the premature closure of the distal ulnar physis and the mostcommon physeal disease in dogs, representing 63% of all physeal injuries. There are few reports indicating the techniqueof stapling for treatment of radius curvus in squeletically immature dogs. The aim of this study is to report a case of radiuscurvus in a young dog successfully treated with a combination of 3 surgical tecniques: 1- Stapling the medial and cranialportions of the distal radial physis; 2- Oblique osteotomy of the proximal ulna and ostectomy of the distal ulna, and 3-Dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint.Case: A 5-month-old female dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital with a history of left thoracic limb deformity for 2 months. There was a history of possible traumatic event on the front limb, in addition to providing nutritionalsupplements daily. In the radiographic evaluation the changes were identified in the left thoracic limb: shortening of theulna, procurvatum and medial angulation of the distal radius, increased joint space and articular incongruity of the elbowjoint. The dog was subjected to surgical treatment by the combination of three main surgical techniques. For the staplingof the distal radial physis the surgical approach on the cranial-medial surface of the distal radius was made. Two surgicalstaples were positioned in the distal radial physis. Thereafter a caudal approach was made to the distal region of the ulnardiaphysis for the distal ostectomy of the ulna. A bone segment of 1 cm in length of the distal ulnar diaphysis was removed.Another caudal approach was made to the proximal region of the ulnar diaphysis and a proximal oblique osteotomy of theulna was performed. For the dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint two Steinmann pins were inserted. Thefirst pin was proximal to the supracondilar...

Tratamento do rádio curvo em cão jovem com associação das técnicas de grampeamento fisário radial, ostectomia ulnar e fixador externo dinâmico transarticular / Treatment of radius curvus in a young dog with association of radial physeal stapling, ulnar ostectomy and transarticular dynamic external fixator techniques

Background: Radius curvus is a clinical manifestation of the premature closure of the distal ulnar physis and the mostcommon physeal disease in dogs, representing 63% of all physeal injuries. There are few reports indicating the techniqueof stapling for treatment of radius curvus in squeletically immature dogs. The aim of this study is to report a case of radiuscurvus in a young dog successfully treated with a combination of 3 surgical tecniques: 1- Stapling the medial and cranialportions of the distal radial physis; 2- Oblique osteotomy of the proximal ulna and ostectomy of the distal ulna, and 3-Dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint.Case: A 5-month-old female dog was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital with a history of left thoracic limb deformity for 2 months. There was a history of possible traumatic event on the front limb, in addition to providing nutritionalsupplements daily. In the radiographic evaluation the changes were identified in the left thoracic limb: shortening of theulna, procurvatum and medial angulation of the distal radius, increased joint space and articular incongruity of the elbowjoint. The dog was subjected to surgical treatment by the combination of three main surgical techniques. For the staplingof the distal radial physis the surgical approach on the cranial-medial surface of the distal radius was made. Two surgicalstaples were positioned in the distal radial physis. Thereafter a caudal approach was made to the distal region of the ulnardiaphysis for the distal ostectomy of the ulna. A bone segment of 1 cm in length of the distal ulnar diaphysis was removed.Another caudal approach was made to the proximal region of the ulnar diaphysis and a proximal oblique osteotomy of theulna was performed. For the dynamic external skeletal fixation in the elbow joint two Steinmann pins were inserted. Thefirst pin was proximal to the supracondilar...(AU)

Sinfisiodese púbica juvenil associada à miectomia do pectíneo para tratamento de displasia coxofemoral em cão / Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis associated with pectineus myectomy for treatment of hip dysplasia in dog

Background: Hip dysplasia (HD) is the most common non-traumatic orthopedic disease in large breed dogs. Treatment is chosen according to the severity of the condition, the age of the dog and the involvement of osteoarthritis (OA). For puppies up to 20-weeks-old, surgical treatment by the juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) technique can be performed. This procedure promotes the ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum over the femoral head, which improves hip joint congruence and stability. The objective of this study is to report the case of a young dog with HD treated with JPS and pectineus myectomy. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed for up to one year after surgery. Case: A 17-week-old Saint Bernard puppy was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital showing abnormal weight bearing and lameness in pelvic limbs, without history of previous trauma. On orthopedic examination, there was a marked hypotrophy of the pelvic limb muscles, severe pain and laxity in the hip joints, and positive feature in the Ortolani test. The hip joint subluxation angle (SA) and reduction angle (RA) were measured. A radiographic study was carried out to evaluate the hip joints and measure the Norberg angle (NA), distraction index (DI), acetabular angle (AA) and dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA). The 20-week-old dog underwent surgical treatment by JPS technique. A ventral surgical approach to the pubis was performed and the pubic symphysis was cauterized with electrocautery. Partial pectineus myectomy technique was also performed. Drug therapy and restriction of physical activities were indicated in the early postoperative. The dog was evaluated by clinical and radiographic examinations at 4 months and 1 year after the surgical procedure. In the reassessment after 4 months of surgical treatment, the patient showed improvement in clinical signs, with mild lameness and absence of painful sensitivity in the movement of the hip joints. Radiographically, hip joint incongruity was observed, but with progressive improvement in the values of the measured variables. In the clinical examination 1 year after the procedure, the dog showed satisfactory weight bearing with slight lameness in pelvic limbs in the running gait. There was improvement in the thigh muscles and no painful signs were observed in the hip joints, but a positive result was detected in the Ortolani test. In the radiographic examination, bilateral articular incongruity was still observed, however, there was a mild improvement in the coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head. The measured angles and indices showed favorable results regarding the recovery of hip joint stability and proper development. Discussion: Studies evaluating the JPS technique for the treatment of HD have shown to be a relatively simple and effective procedure, which allows altering the acetabular coverage, reducing the development of HD and the progression of OA. The need for an early diagnosis of this condition is essential, so that the JPS technique can be used in young dogs and offer effective results. In the present report, in the late postoperative period, the dog showed improvement in clinical signs, with favorable weight bearing and ambulation in pelvic limbs, recovery of limb muscles, absence of pain in the hip joints and decrease in RA and SA. Radiographically, the reduction in joint subluxation, improvement in acetabular coverage over femoral heads, increase in NA and AA, reduction in DI and DARA are evidence of the favorable outcome of ventrolateral rotation of the acetabulum after surgical treatment. The surgical technique used was effective, which enabled the dog to recover the functional use of the pelvic limbs and improve the quality of life.

Comparação clínica entre dois métodos de estabilização em desvio angular distal de tíbia corrigido pela metodologia CORA / Clinical comparison between two stabilization methods in distal tibial angular deviation corrected by the CORA method

Background: Angular deformity is characterized by the deviation of part of the bone that can occur in three different planes, frontal, sagittal and transverse. Trauma on physeal plates is the most common cause of angular deviations of the limbs in dogs. Currently the CORA (Center of Rotation of Angulation) methodology is the best way to evaluate and surgically correct these deformities. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical procedures performed to treat the uniapical valgus deviation affecting both tibial bones in a dog, comparing the outcomes of hybrid external skeletal fixator used in the right pelvic limb in relation to the locking plate used in the left pelvic limb. Case: A 10-month old Border Collie dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital with history of lameness and deviation of both pelvic limbs. In the orthopedic examination, it was possible to identify bilateral valgus deviation in the region of the tibio-tarsal joints and moderate lameness, with absence of pain or joint crepitation. Radiographic examination showed that the deformity was only uniapical in the frontal plane, affecting both tibial bones of the dog. Signs of osteoarthrosis were not observed and the preoperative examinations were within the normal limits for the species. The deformities were corrected in two surgical times starting with the procedure in the right tibia, which appeared to be clinically worse. Due to the fact that it was a bilateral affection and there was not a healthy pelvic limb to obtain the normal angles values of this dog, for planning according to the CORA methodology, the values of the tibial mechanical angles for dogs of similar size were taken from the literature. For surgical correction of the right tibia, a closed wedge osteotomy was performed following the second rule of Paley

Comparação clínica entre dois métodos de estabilização em desvio angular distal de tíbia corrigido pela metodologia CORA / Clinical comparison between two stabilization methods in distal tibial angular deviation corrected by the CORA method

Background: Angular deformity is characterized by the deviation of part of the bone that can occur in three different planes, frontal, sagittal and transverse. Trauma on physeal plates is the most common cause of angular deviations of the limbs in dogs. Currently the CORA (Center of Rotation of Angulation) methodology is the best way to evaluate and surgically correct these deformities. The objective of this study is to describe the surgical procedures performed to treat the uniapical valgus deviation affecting both tibial bones in a dog, comparing the outcomes of hybrid external skeletal fixator used in the right pelvic limb in relation to the locking plate used in the left pelvic limb. Case: A 10-month old Border Collie dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital with history of lameness and deviation of both pelvic limbs. In the orthopedic examination, it was possible to identify bilateral valgus deviation in the region of the tibio-tarsal joints and moderate lameness, with absence of pain or joint crepitation. Radiographic examination showed that the deformity was only uniapical in the frontal plane, affecting both tibial bones of the dog. Signs of osteoarthrosis were not observed and the preoperative examinations were within the normal limits for the species. The deformities were corrected in two surgical times starting with the procedure in the right tibia, which appeared to be clinically worse. Due to the fact that it was a bilateral affection and there was not a healthy pelvic limb to obtain the normal angles values of this dog, for planning according to the CORA methodology, the values of the tibial mechanical angles for dogs of similar size were taken from the literature. For surgical correction of the right tibia, a closed wedge osteotomy was performed following the second rule of Paley…(AU)

Técnica de avanço e transposição da tuberosidade tibial (TTTA) com uso de espaçador único de TTA-Maquet em cão / Technique of tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (TTTA) with use of TTA-Maquet cage-only in dog

Background: The most common conditions that compromise the stifle joint in dogs are medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Surgical procedures are usually indicated for the treatment of these diseases. One ordinarytechnique for the treatment of MPL is the tibial tuberosity transposition, and one prominent technique for CCL rupture is the tibialtuberosity advancement. These techniques can be associated in one surgical procedure called tibial tuberosity transposition andadvancement (TTTA) for the simultaneous treatment of both stifle diseases. The aim of this study is to report the surgical treatmentof a dog with MPL and CCL rupture affecting the same joint by the TTTA technique with the use of a TTA-Maquet cage-only.Case: A 3-year-old Pitbull dog weighing 39 kg was attended at Veterinary Hospital with a history of marked lameness in theleft pelvic limb. The orthopedic examination showed positive results for cranial drawer motion and tibial compression tests,and a complete CCL rupture was diagnosed. The presence of patellar luxation was evaluated by manual pressure on the patella, and grade 3 of MPL was diagnosed. Both conditions were affecting the same stifle joint. In addition, survey radiographsof the affected joint were performed. Surgical treatment was indicated by the TTTA technique. Radiographic measurementswere taken to calculate the cranial tibial tuberosity advancement by the tibial plateau and the common tangent methods, and atitanium TTA-Maquet cage-only of 10.5 x 20.0 mm was selected. Linear osteotomy was performed on the tibial tuberosity withthe aid of an oscillating saw, based on the Maquet hole technique. The tibial tuberosity was carefully displaced cranially and thecage was inserted at the site of osteotomy. The cage ears were molded on the tibial surface and fixed with 2.4 mm self-tappingcortical screws...

Curativo de hidrocoloide em lesões por arrastamento na região distal dos membros pélvicos em cães / Hydrocolloid membrane dressing in shearing injuries in the distal part of the pelvic limbs in dogs

Background: Shearing wounds on the limbs of dogs usually affect the regions distally from the radiocarpal joint at thethoracic limb and from the tibiotarsal joint at the pelvic limb. The tissue coverage and re-epithelialization of the injuredregion are important factors that should be considered in the definitive surgical treatment. The hydrocolloid membranepromotes selective autolytic debridement and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. Thepresent study aims to describe the treatment with hydrocolloid membrane dressing of three cases of shearing wounds withconcomitant orthopedic injuries in the pelvic limbs of dogs.Case: Three dogs with pelvic limb injuries after vehicular trauma were selected for treatment. Two patients had shearinglesions on the medial aspect of the pelvic limb with exposure of the tibia and fibula, the talus and the tibiotarsal joint,associated with bone loss on the medial surface of the limb and rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus.Another patient had a shearing wound on the dorsal surface of the distal region of the pelvic limb, with injury of the digitalextensor tendons and bone exposure of the second and third metatarsals. Initially, the surgical debridement of the lesionwas performed and during the first five days after trauma the wound was cleansed with chlorhexidine solution and topicalapplication of crystallized sugar daily. In this initial period a dry adherent dressing was used on the lesions, without bandagesfor immobilization of the pelvic limb. In all dogs, the hydrocolloid membrane was applied from the sixth day after initialwound management. Immediately after the application of the hydrocolloid membrane, temporary immobilization of theaffected pelvic limb with a padded Robert Jones bandage was performed. The first changes of the hydrocolloid membraneswere performed after five days of their use. Subsequently, the membranes changes...

Curativo de hidrocoloide em lesões por arrastamento na região distal dos membros pélvicos em cães / Hydrocolloid membrane dressing in shearing injuries in the distal part of the pelvic limbs in dogs

Background: Shearing wounds on the limbs of dogs usually affect the regions distally from the radiocarpal joint at thethoracic limb and from the tibiotarsal joint at the pelvic limb. The tissue coverage and re-epithelialization of the injuredregion are important factors that should be considered in the definitive surgical treatment. The hydrocolloid membranepromotes selective autolytic debridement and accelerates the formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. Thepresent study aims to describe the treatment with hydrocolloid membrane dressing of three cases of shearing wounds withconcomitant orthopedic injuries in the pelvic limbs of dogs.Case: Three dogs with pelvic limb injuries after vehicular trauma were selected for treatment. Two patients had shearinglesions on the medial aspect of the pelvic limb with exposure of the tibia and fibula, the talus and the tibiotarsal joint,associated with bone loss on the medial surface of the limb and rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus.Another patient had a shearing wound on the dorsal surface of the distal region of the pelvic limb, with injury of the digitalextensor tendons and bone exposure of the second and third metatarsals. Initially, the surgical debridement of the lesionwas performed and during the first five days after trauma the wound was cleansed with chlorhexidine solution and topicalapplication of crystallized sugar daily. In this initial period a dry adherent dressing was used on the lesions, without bandagesfor immobilization of the pelvic limb. In all dogs, the hydrocolloid membrane was applied from the sixth day after initialwound management. Immediately after the application of the hydrocolloid membrane, temporary immobilization of theaffected pelvic limb with a padded Robert Jones bandage was performed. The first changes of the hydrocolloid membraneswere performed after five days of their use. Subsequently, the membranes changes...(AU)

Técnica de avanço e transposição da tuberosidade tibial (TTTA) com uso de espaçador único de TTA-Maquet em cão / Technique of tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (TTTA) with use of TTA-Maquet cage-only in dog

Background: The most common conditions that compromise the stifle joint in dogs are medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Surgical procedures are usually indicated for the treatment of these diseases. One ordinarytechnique for the treatment of MPL is the tibial tuberosity transposition, and one prominent technique for CCL rupture is the tibialtuberosity advancement. These techniques can be associated in one surgical procedure called tibial tuberosity transposition andadvancement (TTTA) for the simultaneous treatment of both stifle diseases. The aim of this study is to report the surgical treatmentof a dog with MPL and CCL rupture affecting the same joint by the TTTA technique with the use of a TTA-Maquet cage-only.Case: A 3-year-old Pitbull dog weighing 39 kg was attended at Veterinary Hospital with a history of marked lameness in theleft pelvic limb. The orthopedic examination showed positive results for cranial drawer motion and tibial compression tests,and a complete CCL rupture was diagnosed. The presence of patellar luxation was evaluated by manual pressure on the patella, and grade 3 of MPL was diagnosed. Both conditions were affecting the same stifle joint. In addition, survey radiographsof the affected joint were performed. Surgical treatment was indicated by the TTTA technique. Radiographic measurementswere taken to calculate the cranial tibial tuberosity advancement by the tibial plateau and the common tangent methods, and atitanium TTA-Maquet cage-only of 10.5 x 20.0 mm was selected. Linear osteotomy was performed on the tibial tuberosity withthe aid of an oscillating saw, based on the Maquet hole technique. The tibial tuberosity was carefully displaced cranially and thecage was inserted at the site of osteotomy. The cage ears were molded on the tibial surface and fixed with 2.4 mm self-tappingcortical screws...(AU)

Physiotherapy in a dog before and after bilateral distal pelvic limb arthrodesis: a case report / Fisioterapia em cão antes e após artrodese bilateral em parte distal de membros pélvicos: relato de caso

Traumatic injuries to the spine and spinal cord occur frequently in veterinary medicine, and motor vehicle trampling is one of the most prevalent causes among dogs. In cases of locomotory disorders, veterinary physiotherapy can be used in conjunction with clinical and surgical treatments. Its main objective is restoring, maintaining and promoting the improvement of the animals physical function and aptitude, welfare, and quality of life, facilitating its fast and even complete recovery. This article is a case report of the physiotherapeutic treatment applied to a dog that presented several complications in pelvic limbs due to spine and spinal cord trauma. It also emphasizes the benefits on rehabilitation associated with clinical and surgical treatments.

Lesões traumáticas em coluna vertebral e medula espinhal ocorrem frequentemente na Medicina Veterinária, e o atropelamento por veículos automotivos é uma das causas mais prevalentes entre os cães. A fisioterapia veterinária, quando relacionada aos distúrbios locomotores e usada em conjunto com os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico, tem o objetivo de restaurar, manter e promover a melhora da função e aptidão física, o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do animal, facilitando sua rápida, e até completa, recuperação. Este trabalho relata os resultados do tratamento fisioterápico efetuado em um cão que apresentou diversas complicações em membros pélvicos, decorrentes de traumas na coluna vertebral e na medula espinhal, e destaca os benefícios da associação entre reabilitação e os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico.

Physiotherapy in a dog before and after bilateral distal pelvic limb arthrodesis: a case report / Fisioterapia em cão antes e após artrodese bilateral em parte distal de membros pélvicos: relato de caso

Traumatic injuries to the spine and spinal cord occur frequently in veterinary medicine, and motor vehicle trampling is one of the most prevalent causes among dogs. In cases of locomotory disorders, veterinary physiotherapy can be used in conjunction with clinical and surgical treatments. Its main objective is restoring, maintaining and promoting the improvement of the animals physical function and aptitude, welfare, and quality of life, facilitating its fast and even complete recovery. This article is a case report of the physiotherapeutic treatment applied to a dog that presented several complications in pelvic limbs due to spine and spinal cord trauma. It also emphasizes the benefits on rehabilitation associated with clinical and surgical treatments.(AU)

Lesões traumáticas em coluna vertebral e medula espinhal ocorrem frequentemente na Medicina Veterinária, e o atropelamento por veículos automotivos é uma das causas mais prevalentes entre os cães. A fisioterapia veterinária, quando relacionada aos distúrbios locomotores e usada em conjunto com os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico, tem o objetivo de restaurar, manter e promover a melhora da função e aptidão física, o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do animal, facilitando sua rápida, e até completa, recuperação. Este trabalho relata os resultados do tratamento fisioterápico efetuado em um cão que apresentou diversas complicações em membros pélvicos, decorrentes de traumas na coluna vertebral e na medula espinhal, e destaca os benefícios da associação entre reabilitação e os tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico.(AU)