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Background: Bone marrow primary malignancies are denominated leukemias, classified as myeloid or lymphoid, according to the cell lineage, and acute or chronic, according to the cell´s state of maturation. In cats, acute lymphoid leukemiais the most common form, especially in regions endemic for feline leukemia virus and / or feline immunodeficiency virus.A new treatment protocol for lymphomas, called LOPH, was described for animals with FeLV persistent viremia. Thisstudy aimed to report a case of a cat presenting with FeLV associated acute leukemia and treated with the LOPH protocol,and, in the rescue phase, a modification of the D-MAC protocol, denominated D-MHC.Case: A 4-year-old mixed breed intact queen was attended due to lethargy and inappetence. The patient did not present anyrelevant abnormalities in the clinical exam and complementary exams were performed including complete blood count,biochemical profile, SNAP Feline Triple Test, chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasound. Imaging tests and biochemicalvalues were unremarkable, but the patient presented a reagent result for FeLV and severe leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis. The morphological evaluation of the blood smear revealed the presence of blasts, in a concentration greater than 20%of the nucleated cells, which allowed the characterization of a leukemic state, probably lymphoid. First-line treatmentwas based on the LOPH protocol, including Lomustine, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Doxorubicin, in four-week cycles.Nevertheless, during the third cycle, 66 days after the institution of this protocol, the patient presented a febrile conditionalong with marked leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis, confirming leukemia recurrence. A rescue attempt was performedwith a modification of the D-MAC protocol, originally consisting of the combination of dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin-D and cytarabine, but with replacement of actinomycin-D by doxorubicin, and therefore denominated D-MHC....

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Background: Hemoparasitoses are extremely important in the clinical routine because they affect a large number of dogs. In spite ofthe abundance of studies on this topic, hormonal alterations caused by infection with these agents are still poorly known. Therefore,the goal of this work was to assess the serum levels of thyroid hormones of dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) alone, anddogs infected with E. canis and Babesia canis vogeli (B. vogeli) and/or Anaplasma platys (A. platys) before and after treatment withdoxycycline chlorohydrate. This study also aimed at checking for presence of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: The concentrations of the thyroid hormones total triiodothyronine (TT3), total tetraiodothyronine (TT4),free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were assessed by chemiluminescence in 12 dogs. Nestedpolymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to confirm diagnoses. The dogs were divided into 2 groups: G1, which comprised animalsinfected by E. canis alone, and G2, which included animals simultaneously infected by E. canis and B. vogeli and/or A. platys. Theserum concentrations of the thyroid hormones were measured at two time points: before (D1) and after (D2) the 28-day treatment withgeneric doxycycline chlorohydrate (DC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg SID. On D2, another nPCR was carried out to check the efficacy of thetreatment. On D2, in both groups, all dogs became negative for E. canis; however, 8 animals remained infected or were reinfected byother hemoparasites. On D1, 4 dogs in G1 exhibited low TT3 in conjunction with low TT4; one of the dogs had increased TT3 alone,and another dog had an increased TT3 accompanied by decreased TT4. In G2, on D1, one dog exhibited high TT3 accompanied by adecreased concentration of TT4; 2 dogs had decreased TT4; 2 dogs had increased TT3; and one dog had both TT3 and TT4 decreased...

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ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis represents a complex of chronic diseases with a broad geographic distribution and a high significance in public health worldwide. The varied clinical signs in conjunction with the low sensitivity and specificity of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) detection methods make diagnosis of the disease complex. Among the several available laboratory tests, studies have suggested that the detection of parasites in synovial fluid (SF) is a good auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. However, no study has evaluated the influence of the clinical stage of CVL in the detection of Leishmania sp. in SF. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in the SF of dogs at different stages of the disease. The negative control group (G1) comprised 12 dogs that tested negative for CVL. Thirty-six other dogs, tested serologically positive for CVL, were divided into two groups: Group 2 (G2), which included animals at stage II of the disease (moderate; n=18), and Group 3 (G3) included animals at stage III of the disease (severe; n=18). The analysis of SF revealed the presence of parasites in six (33.3%) dogs from G2 and in 16 (88.9%) dogs from G3 (p=0.0437). The present research suggested that SF analysis is of high value as a supplementary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. As a new finding, the present study also indicated that this test has a higher sensitivity in animals presenting with more severe stage of the disease.

RESUMO: As leishmanioses representam um complexo de doenças de caráter crônico de alta importância na saúde pública mundial e com distribuição geográfica ampla. A apresentação clínica variada e a baixa sensibilidade e especificidade de alguns métodos para a detecção da doença tornam complexo o diagnóstico da leishmainiose visceral canina (LVC). Entre os diversos testes laboratóriais disponíveis, estudos tem sugerido que a pesquisa de parasitos no líquido sinovial (LS) pode ser uma ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico da LVC. Apesar disso, inexistem estudos avaliando a relação entre o estágio clínico da doença e a detecção de Leishmania sp. no LS. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a detecção de amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no LS de cães acometidos por diferentes estádios da doença. Foram avaliados 48 cães, sendo 12 negativos para LVC (grupo controle negativo, G1) e 36 soropositivos. O grupo 2 (doença moderada, G2) incluiu animais classificados no estádio II da doença, enquanto o grupo 3 (doença grave, G3) abrangeu animais classificados em estádio III. Na análise do líquido sinovial dos cães, o parasito foi visualizado em seis (33,3%) cães do G2 e 16 (88,9)% dos cães de G3 (p=0.0437). O presente trabalho sugere que a análise do LS apresenta alto valor como ferramenta suplementar no diagnóstico da LVC. Em adição, o presente estudo indica, pela primeira vez, que o teste apresenta uma sensibilidade maior em animais que apresentam a forma grave da doença.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a viabilidade da utilização da via vaginal em fêmeas bovinas visando à aplicação de ocitocina a partir de formulações específicas. A ocitocina foi utilizada associada a facilitadores de absorção e na forma injetável (para comparação). Foram produzidas sete formulações, todas com concentração de 5 UI/mL de ocitocina. O delineamento experimental foi em quadrado latino 8x8 (oito dias, oito tratamentos e oito novilhas ciclando). As administrações de ocitocina foram pela via vaginal e a ocitocina injetável pela via endovenosa, contendo 10 UI cada. Amostras de sangue (n=7) foram coletadas de cada animal, no tempo 0, anterior à administração dos tratamentos, e de três em três minutos até 18 minutos. A ocitocina foi extraída do plasma utilizando coluna cromatográfica C-18 e dosada utilizando o kit comercial Oxytocin EIA. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por análise estatística não paramétrica utilizando o teste Kruskal Wallis para comparação das médias. A concentração de ocitocina diferiu entre o tempo 0 e o tempo 12 minutos (p<0,05) para a formulação ocitocina em glicerina. Concluiu-se que houve absorção através da via vaginal para essa formulação. Mais estudos serão necessários para seu emprego no manejo com as fêmeas bovinas de forma efetiva.

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of vaginal route in order to apply oxytocin in female bovines using specific formulations. The oxytocin was used in its injectable form (as a comparison standard) and associated with absorption enhancers. Seven formulations containing 5 IU/ml of oxytocin each were used. The experimental design was an 8x8 latin square (eight days, eight treatments and eight cycling heifers). The formulations were delivered in vaginal route and the injectable oxytocin was applied intravenously, all of them having 10 IU of oxytocin. Blood samples (n=7) were collected from each animal, the first at time 0, prior to the administration of the treatment, and the following every three minutes until 18 minutes. Oxytocin was extracted from plasma using the C18 Sep-Pak column and measured with the commercial kit Oxytocin EIA. The responses were evaluated using the nonparametric ANOVA and the Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the means. Statistical difference was observed between times 0 and 12 (p<0,05) for the oxytocin plus glycerin formulation, showing that absorption did occur. Nonetheless, it does not suppress the need for further research before it can be effectively used in female bovine management.

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Parvoviral enteritis is a common viral infection in dogs and is associated with many clinical and hematological changes. Bacterial translocation is a common complication and may result in sepsis. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of clinical and hematological factors associated with the risk of death in puppies with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis and sepsis. Twenty-four dogs with parvoviral enteritis confirmed by chromatographic immunoassay during the clinical routine of a university veterinary hospital were selected. At admission and every 24 hours until the third day of hospitalization or until death, venous blood samples were collected for complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, and lactate and magnesium measurement; arterial blood samples were collected for gas analysis. Sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were also analyzed, and a complete physical examination was performed. The factors associated with mortality were evaluated by Cox univariate analysis at a level of significance of 5%. The increase in urea and heart rate was associated with an increase in the risk of death. In contrast, an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, partial pressure of oxygen, base deficit, bicarbonate ion, and oxygen saturation were associated with a reduction in the risk of death.

A enterite por Parvovírus é uma infecção viral comum em cães e é associada a diversas alterações clínicas e hematológicas. A translocação bacteriana é uma complicação comum e pode resultar em sepse. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a presença de fatores clínicos e hematológicos associados ao risco de óbito em filhotes com parvovirose de ocorrência natural e sepse. Vinte e quatro cães com parvovirose, confirmada através de imunoensaio cromatográfico, foram selecionados a partir da rotina clínica do Hospital Veterinário. À admissão e a cada 24 horas até o terceiro dia de hospitalização ou até óbito, amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas para realização de hemograma, bioquímica renal e hepática, mensuração de lactato e magnésio; amostras de sangue arterial foram coletadas para gasometria. Foram analisados também sódio, potássio e cálcio ionizado, bem como foi realizado o exame físico completo. Os fatores associados à mortalidade foram avaliados através de análise univariada de Cox com um nível de significância de 5%. O aumento da concentração de ureia e da frequência cardíaca foram associados à elevação do risco de óbito. Em contraste, o aumento nos valores de leucócitos totais, linfócitos, monócitos, pressão parcial de oxigênio, déficit de base, íon bicarbonato e saturação de oxigênio foram associados à redução do risco de óbito.

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Background: Hemoparasitoses have major importance in clinical diseases of small animals for infections are highly prevalent, easily transmitted and difficult to control. Clinical signs are nonspecific, but laboratory abnormalities are frequent, especially changes in serum biochemistry. In veterinary medicine, laboratorial findings may favor the diagnosis of hemoparasitoses and improve the quality of treatment given to these patients. The present study aimed at evaluating changes in serum biochemistry in dogs with molecular diagnosis of hemoparasites (Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Leishmania sp.).Materials, Methods & Results: Molecular diagnosis for Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Leishmania sp. were obtained in 26 dogs. A complete serum biochemical profile was determined in biochemical analyzer COBAS Mira. Biochemical analyzes, using commercial kits from Synermed, included total and partial protein by colorimetric method, creatinine by the kinetic method, urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrasnferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase by enzymatic method. Considering reference values for canine species, it was observed an increase in the average value for serum urea concentration in dogs with leishmaniasis. These dogs also presented higher globulin concentration, while presenting reduction in serum albumin...

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A citologia é um método diagnóstico rápido e pouco invasivo, que permite a avaliação de diversos órgãos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar de forma retrospectiva os diagnósticos citológicos de tecidos hematopoiéticos de cães, realizados em um hospital-escola no estado de Minas Gerais. Entre janeiro de 2009 e julho de 2012 foram realizados 225 exames de linfonodos e baço e 163 exames de medula óssea. Em 43% das amostras de linfonodos e em 9% de medula óssea foram observadas alterações não neoplásicas, sendo que em 12,6% e 20,9% destes, respectivamente, havia associação com leishmaniose. Em 23,1% das amostras de linfonodos foram diagnosticados linfomas, e em 8,6% das amostras de medula óssea foram diagnosticadas leucemias. O exame citológico desses órgãos mostrou-se de grande auxílio ao clínico para o diagnóstico de hemoparasitoses, estadiamento de neoplasias e pesquisa de neoplasias primárias ou metastáticas.

The cytological examination is a rapid and minimally invasive procedure that allows the evaluation of numerous organs. This paper aims to analyze retrospectively the cytological diagnoses of canine hematopoietic tissues made at a school hospital in the state of Minas Gerais. Between January 2009 and July 2012, 225 lymph node and spleen exams and 163 bone marrow exams were performed. Non-neoplastic abnormalities were observed in 43% of lymph node samples and in 9% of bone marrow samples, and there was an association with leishmaniasis in 12.6% and 20.9% of these, respectively. Lymphomas were diagnosed in 23.1% lymph nodes samples, and leukemias were diagnosed in 8.6% of bone marrow samples. The cytological examination of these organs proved to be of great assistance to clinicians in the diagnosis of hemoparasites, staging cancer and research for primary or metastatic neoplasms.

La citología es un método diagnóstico rápido y poco invasivo, que permite la evaluación de diversos órganos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis retrospectivo de los diagnósticos citológicos de tejidos hematopoyéticos de perros realizados en un hospital escuela en el estado de Minas Gerais. Entre enero de 2009 y julio de 2012 fueron realizados 225 exámenes de linfonódulos y bazo, y 163 exámenes de médula ósea. Se diagnosticaron alteraciones no neoplásicas en el 43% de los exámenes de linfonódulos y en el 9% de los exámenes de médula ósea, siendo que en el 12,6% y 20,9% de los mismos, respectivamente, había asociación con leishmaniasis. En el 23,1% de las muestras de linfonódulos se diagnosticaron linfomas, y en el 8,6% de las muestras de médula ósea se diagnosticaron leucemias. El examen citológico de estos órganos fue de gran ayuda para el clínico en el diagnóstico de hemoparasitosis, estadificación de neoplasias, como así también en la investigación de neoplasias primarias o metastáticas.

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O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma neoplasia maligna oriunda dos queratinócitos do estrato germinativo/espinhoso da epiderme cuja patogenia encontra-se intimamente relacionada à exposição solar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a utilização da quimioterapia intralesional com carboplatina em uma gata siamesa, de dez anos de idade, que apresentava lesão ulcerada na face com exposição das fossas nasais e diagnóstico histológico de CCE. A paciente apresentava dificuldade respiratória pelo comprometimento das estruturas intranasais, sendo observada redução significativa da lesão no plano nasal e melhora da dificuldade respiratória após o término das quatro sessões. Ocorreram efeitos colaterais associados ao tratamento, como apatia e perda de apetite, o que impediu a realização da quimioterapia semanalmente. O intervalo entre as aplicações foi, portanto, de catorze dias.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm arising from keratinocytes of the stratum germinativum / spinosum of the epidermis, and it’s pathogenesis is closely related to sun exposure. The objective of this paper is to report on the use of intralesional chemotherapy with carboplatin in a ten-year-old Siamese cat who had an ulcerated lesion on the face with exposure of nostrils and histological diagnosis of SCC. The patient had difficulty in breathing due to the involvement of intra-nasal structures, but showed significant reduction of the lesion in the nasal plane and of respiratory distress after the end of four sessions. Associated to the treatment, the patient developed side effects such as apathy and loss of appetite, which prevented the use of chemotherapy on a weekly basis. The interval between sessions was therefore 14 days.

El carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) es un tumor maligno originado en las células del estrato germinativo de la piel, cuya patogenia se halla íntimamente relacionada con la exposición solar. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la utilización de la quimioterapia intratumoral con carboplatino, en una gata siamesa de diez años que tenía una lesión ulcerada en la cara, con exposición de cavidad nasal y diagnóstico previo de CCE. La paciente presentaba dificultad respiratoria debido al compromiso de las estructuras intra nasales. Se pudo observar una reducción significativa de las lesiones y mejoría de la calidad respiratoria después de cuatro sesiones de quimioterapia. El tratamiento tuvo efectos colaterales, tales como apatía y pérdida del apetito, que impidieron la realización de la quimioterapia en forma semanal, pasando a un intervalo de aplicaciones de catorce días.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do desmame, do transporte rodoviário e da contenção em tronco, na etologia, hematologia e bioquímica clínica de bovinos jovens da raça Nelore, criados em regime extensivo. Para tal, 40 bovinos foram subdivididos em quatro grupos, compostos por 10 animais como segue: (GL) permaneceram com a mãe, (GD) foram desmamados no primeiro momento do experimento, (GDT) foram desmamados no primeiro momento do experimento e submetidos a transporte rodoviário por quatro horas e (GD7T) foram desmamados uma semana antes do primeiro momento do experimento e submetidos as transporte rodoviário por quatro horas. Os animais foram avaliados no momento do desmame, e 12, 16, 36 e 48 horas após. Com relação ao transporte, os animais foram avaliados no dia anterior ao embarque, no momento imediatamente anterior a este, logo após o desembarque e 24 e 36 horas após o embarque. A ordem de entrada dos animais de cada grupo, no tronco de contenção, foi comparada ao seu comportamento durante a colheita das amostras, não sendo observada correlação estatística. O comportamento dos animais não variou durante os momentos, assim como, não houve correlação com a concentração sérica de cortisol. A repetição por três dias consecutivos da contenção dos animais no tronco determinou elevações da concentração sérica de albumina e da atividade sérica de creatina quinase (CK) e aspartato...

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of weaning, highway transportation, and the stock use in the etiology, hematology, and clinical chemistry in extensively raised Nelore bovines. For this purpose, 40 bovines were divided into four groups (n=10) as following: (GL) nursing continued; (GD) the weaning happened in the first experimental moment; (GDT) the weaning happened in the first experimental moment and the animals were also highway transported during four hours; and (GD7T) the weaning happened one week before the first experiment moment and the animals were highway transported for four hours. The animals were evaluated one day prior to transportation, in the moment just before, just after, 24 after, and 36 hours after highway transportation. The order of animal getting in the stock and their behavior during sampling was compared and no statistical correlation was found. The animal behavior did not vary between the experiment moments; and no correlation with serum cortisol concentrations was found. After three consecutive days of stocking the animals, an increase in the creatinin kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was observed. Weaning, on the other hand, caused hematological alterations as the hematocrit decreased and the leukogram variations compatible to physiologic leukocytosis. Weaning also influenced the clinical chemistry increasing serum albumin, urea concentration; and serum AST, and alanine...

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Um levantamento de mais de dez anos (janeiro de 1990 a maio de 2000) dos casos de Ehrlichiose Monocítica Canina (CME) diagnosticados pela presença de mórula de E. canis em células monocelulares no esfregaço de sangue periférico, no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da UNESP, campus de Botucatu, demonstrou maior incidência da doença em fase aguda nos meses mais quentes do ano. As principais alterações hematológicas encontradas foram anemia não-regenerativa de grau moderado, hipoproteinemia, trombocitopenia, leucopenia por neutropenia e linfopenia absolutas

A ten-years study (from january 1990 to may 2000) of the canine Monocitic Ehrlichiosis (CME) diagnosed by the presence of the Erlichia canis morulae in mononuclear cells at the Clinical Laboratory of the Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, in Botucatu, Brazil, showed an increased frequency of the disease in the acute phase, during the warm seasins of the year. Some of the more important hematological findings were: an arregenerative moderate anemia, hipoproteinemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia with absolute neutropenia and lymphopenia

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