Tromboflebite séptica hemorrágica em equino / Hemorrhagic septic thrombophlebitis in horses

Background: Thrombophlebitis represents the main disease of the cardiovascular system of horses, its occurrence is strongly associated with the use of inappropriate materials and techniques. Its clinical presentation varies according to the degree of vessel obstruction and the appearance of complications, in the diagnosis it is essential to assess the extent of damage and the severity of the case. Establishing appropriate treatments, it should be noted that these are mostly clinical, reserving surgical interventions for severe cases, so the aim of the study is report a case of hemorrhagic septic thrombophlebitis treated by partial phlebectomy of the left jugular vein. Case: A 9-year-old male castrated equine, with no defined racial pattern, weighing 345 kg, used in the practice of vaquejada was attended at the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Patos (PB). During the anamnesis, it was reported that the animal presented colic a month ago, it was treated, recovered and since then, it started presenting an area with increase in volume in the neck region that ruptured the day before the HV attendance, where blood and pus came from. On physical exam, slight edema was noted in the left masseteric region, a volume rise involving the middle and cranial third of the neck with firm consistency in the left jugular sulcus, sensitivity to palpation and little drainage of purulent bloody secretion was observed. Additionally, tachycardia, tachypnea and intestinal hypomotility were found. In turn, in the ultrasound exam, a hypoechoic structure was seen, causing partial obstruction of the vessel, proximal to the fistulated region and total obstruction distal to it. With this information, antibiotic therapy was prescribed, a warm compress followed by the use of anti-inflammatory gel every 8 h. By choice of the owner, the animal returned to the farm, in the next day returned to the Veterinary Hospital, due to...

Complicações reprodutivas de melanoma em fêmea equina tordilha da raça Mangalarga Marchador / Reproductive complications of melanoma in female Tordilla Colored Equine

Melanoma is an alteration of melanocytes, cells responsible for skin pigmentation, which allows for unregulated growth, although there is no confirmation about predispositions to this pathology, skin species and white hairs are considered most affected, being especially common in Tordilla colored horses. Although there is a benign form, the case can develop becoming malignant and metastatic in an unpredictable way, and may suffer influence with the advancing age of the horse, with great chances of the tumor becoming aggressive, having high mortality rates, because there is still no effective treatment to combat nodule growth. The aim of the present study was to report a case of melanoma in an equine, female, gray coat, Mangalarga Marchador breed, belonging to Fazenda Escola, Faculty of Nursing Nova Esperança, as well as it possible implications for the reproductive system. In the clinical examination, nodular skin lesions were observed, with firm and painless consistency, located in the regions of the vulva, large lips, oral vestibular of the upper lip and, with the use of vaginoscopy, it was also possible to observe nodules in the vaginal vestibule. Based on these clinical findings, the presumptive diagnosis was melanoma. For a better prognosis, early identification is essential, considering that the later it is done, the greater the possibility of metastasis, reaching subcutaneous regions, cavities and internal organs, compromising physiological functions and being responsible to vaginal obstructions, injuries and decreased fertility, causing great damage to equine reproduction.

Complicações reprodutivas de melanoma em fêmea equina tordilha da raça Mangalarga Marchador / Reproductive complications of melanoma in female Tordilla Colored Equine

Melanoma is an alteration of melanocytes, cells responsible for skin pigmentation, which allows for unregulated growth, although there is no confirmation about predispositions to this pathology, skin species and white hairs are considered most affected, being especially common in Tordilla colored horses. Although there is a benign form, the case can develop becoming malignant and metastatic in an unpredictable way, and may suffer influence with the advancing age of the horse, with great chances of the tumor becoming aggressive, having high mortality rates, because there is still no effective treatment to combat nodule growth. The aim of the present study was to report a case of melanoma in an equine, female, gray coat, Mangalarga Marchador breed, belonging to Fazenda Escola, Faculty of Nursing Nova Esperança, as well as it possible implications for the reproductive system. In the clinical examination, nodular skin lesions were observed, with firm and painless consistency, located in the regions of the vulva, large lips, oral vestibular of the upper lip and, with the use of vaginoscopy, it was also possible to observe nodules in the vaginal vestibule. Based on these clinical findings, the presumptive diagnosis was melanoma. For a better prognosis, early identification is essential, considering that the later it is done, the greater the possibility of metastasis, reaching subcutaneous regions, cavities and internal organs, compromising physiological functions and being responsible to vaginal obstructions, injuries and decreased fertility, causing great damage to equine reproduction.(AU)

Image diagnosis in extensor tendons injuries in the radiocarpal region in horses

Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reportsin the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential forthe diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images,especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seenat the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five “vaquejada” competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were awayfrom the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of theanimals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis,and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septictenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bonealteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease inthe radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees ofthe involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can...(AU)

Image diagnosis in extensor tendons injuries in the radiocarpal region in horses

Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reportsin the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential forthe diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images,especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seenat the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five “vaquejada” competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were awayfrom the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of theanimals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis,and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septictenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bonealteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease inthe radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees ofthe involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can...

Avaliação clínica e por imagem dos membros torácicos de equinos

Esta dissertação inclui dois artigos sobre a avaliação clínica e por imagem (Radiografia e Ultrassonografia) dos membros torácicos de equinos, que são métodos utilizados no exame desta espécie, a fim de haver um complemento entre eles. O primeiro capítulo refere-se às avaliações ultrassonográficas dos tendões flexores superficiais dos membros torácicos de equinos utilizados em vaquejada, determinando os valores médios da área transversal em sete zonas do tendão, com os animais em repouso e após o exercício, e de acordo com sua atividade exercida na vaquejada. Neste estudo, concluiu-se que a ultrassonografia proporciona uma mensuração precisa das áreas transversais das zonas do tendão flexor digital superficial, que nesse estudo variou quanto à atividade exercida pelos equinos na vaquejada, existindo diferença significativa com relação ao membro examinado e quanto ao momento da avaliação. O segundo capítulo é um artigo que descreve um caso de anomalia (polidactilia) pouco comum nos equinos, de incidência baixa, em torno de 0,066%, e que não tem sua etiologia bem descrita. Foram descritos os achados clínicos e radiológicos e seu tratamento através de ostectomia do dígito supranumerário.

This dissertation includes two articles on clinical evaluation and imaging (radiography and ultrasound) forelimb of horses, which are methods used in the examination of horses in order to be a complement between them. The first chapter refers to ultrasonographic evaluations performed on superficial flexor tendons of the forelimbs of horses used in vaquejada, determining the average cross-sectional area into seven zones of teh tendon, in horses at rest and after exercise, and according to their activity performed in vaquejada. In this study, it was concluded that ultrasonography provides a precise measurement of the cross-sectional areas of the zones of the superficial digital flexor tendon, which in this study varied as the activity performed by horses in vaquejada, significant differences with respect to the limb examined and to the time of assessment. The second chapter is an article that describes a case of anomalies (polydactyly) uncommon in horses, incidence of low, around 0.066%, and its etiology is not well described. We describe the clinical and radiological findings and treatment through ostectomy of supernumerary digit.

Avaliação clínica e por imagem dos membros torácicos de equinos

Esta dissertação inclui dois artigos sobre a avaliação clínica e por imagem (Radiografia e Ultrassonografia) dos membros torácicos de equinos, que são métodos utilizados no exame desta espécie, a fim de haver um complemento entre eles. O primeiro capítulo refere-se às avaliações ultrassonográficas dos tendões flexores superficiais dos membros torácicos de equinos utilizados em vaquejada, determinando os valores médios da área transversal em sete zonas do tendão, com os animais em repouso e após o exercício, e de acordo com sua atividade exercida na vaquejada. Neste estudo, concluiu-se que a ultrassonografia proporciona uma mensuração precisa das áreas transversais das zonas do tendão flexor digital superficial, que nesse estudo variou quanto à atividade exercida pelos equinos na vaquejada, existindo diferença significativa com relação ao membro examinado e quanto ao momento da avaliação. O segundo capítulo é um artigo que descreve um caso de anomalia (polidactilia) pouco comum nos equinos, de incidência baixa, em torno de 0,066%, e que não tem sua etiologia bem descrita. Foram descritos os achados clínicos e radiológicos e seu tratamento através de ostectomia do dígito supranumerário.(AU)

This dissertation includes two articles on clinical evaluation and imaging (radiography and ultrasound) forelimb of horses, which are methods used in the examination of horses in order to be a complement between them. The first chapter refers to ultrasonographic evaluations performed on superficial flexor tendons of the forelimbs of horses used in vaquejada, determining the average cross-sectional area into seven zones of teh tendon, in horses at rest and after exercise, and according to their activity performed in vaquejada. In this study, it was concluded that ultrasonography provides a precise measurement of the cross-sectional areas of the zones of the superficial digital flexor tendon, which in this study varied as the activity performed by horses in vaquejada, significant differences with respect to the limb examined and to the time of assessment. The second chapter is an article that describes a case of anomalies (polydactyly) uncommon in horses, incidence of low, around 0.066%, and its etiology is not well described. We describe the clinical and radiological findings and treatment through ostectomy of supernumerary digit.(AU)