Uso da miltefosina no tratamento clínico de cães com leishmaniose visceral: revisão de literatura / Use of miltefosin in the clinical treatment of dogs with visceral leishmaniosis / Uso de miltefosina en el tratamiento clínico de perros con leishmaniosis visceral: revisión de la literatura

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma doença de caráter zoonótico, acometendo os seres humanos e diversas espécies de animais silvestres e domésticos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da miltefosina no tratamento clínico de cães com leishmaniose visceral. Trata- se de uma revisão de literatura, a qual foi realizada por meio de consultas à periódicos e livros presentes na biblioteca do Cesmac. Foram utilizadas bases de dados como: portal Capes, SCIELO, Google Acadêmico; pesquisa em monografias, teses e dissertações. Causada pelo protozoário Leishmania chagasi, sendo o cão doméstico o principal reservatório desse protozoário. Por representar um problema grave de saúde pública e ser considerada uma doença potencialmente fatal (quando não tratada precocemente e adequadamente), faz- se importante que o clínico esteja familiarizado com os sinais clínicos, exames complementares e principais protocolos terapêuticos, em especial a utilização da miltefosina no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral em cães. Por ser uma zoonose que causa graves problemas de saúde pública e que vem crescendo cada vez mais no Brasil, cabe aos médicos veterinários assumirem o compromisso na conscientização sobre a importância do diagnóstico precoce além de promoverem o bem-estar animal e a saúde pública.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, affecting humans and several species of wild and domestic animals. The objective of the present study was to carry out a literature review on the use of miltefosine in the clinical treatment of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. This is a literature review, which was carried out through consultations with periodicals and books present in the Cesmac library. Databases such as: Capes portal, SCIELO, Google Scholar; research in monographs, theses and dissertations. Caused by the protozoan Leishmania chagasi, with the domestic dog being the main reservoir of this protozoan. As it represents a serious public health problem and is considered a potentially fatal disease (when not treated early and properly), it is important that the clinician is familiar with the clinical signs, complementary exams and main therapeutic protocols, especially the use of miltefosine in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. As it is a zoonosis that causes serious public health problems and that has been growing more and more in Brazil, it is up to veterinarians to make a commitment to raise awareness of the importance of early diagnosis in addition to promoting animal welfare and public health.(AU)

La leishmaniosis visceral canina es una enfermedad zoonótica que afecta a los seres humanos y a varias especies de animales salvajes y domésticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de la miltefosina en el tratamiento clínico de perros con leishmaniosis visceral. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica, que se realizó mediante consultas a publicaciones periódicas y libros presentes en la biblioteca del Cesmac. Se utilizaron bases de datos como: portal Capes, SCIELO, Google Académico; investigación en monografías, tesis y disertaciones. Causada por el protozoo Leishmania chagasi, siendo el perro doméstico el principal reservorio de este protozoo. Dado que representa un grave problema de salud pública y se considera una enfermedad potencialmente mortal (cuando no se trata de forma temprana y adecuada), es importante que el clínico esté familiarizado con los signos clínicos, las pruebas adicionales y los principales protocolos terapéuticos, especialmente el uso de miltefosina en el tratamiento de la leishmaniosis visceral en perros. Siendo una zoonosis que causa graves problemas de salud pública y que viene creciendo cada vez más en Brasil, corresponde a los veterinarios asumir el compromiso de concienciar sobre la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y promover el bienestar animal y la salud pública.(AU)

Utilização da fisioterapia na reabilitação de bezerro com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular: relato de caso / Use of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of calves with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis: case report / Uso de la fisioterapia en la rehabilitación de un ternero con poliartritis y parisia neuromuscular: reporte de caso

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas em dorso de bovino / Carcinoma of squamous cells in back bovine

Um boi de carroça, criado no Semi-Árido potiguar, foi atendido no HOVET-UFERSA, com aumento de volume localizado na região dorsal. A neoplasia foi diagnosticada clinicamente e confirmada após estudo histopatológico em carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE). Foi tratado por exérese cirúrgica. Para a remoção da massa tumoral utilizou-se bisturi elétrico com de fio de aço acoplado, seguida de uso de serra de Giglle. O paciente permaneceu internado durante 7 dias, sendo medicado, com cicatrização ocorrida por segunda intenção. Recuperado o paciente, com excelente retração cicatricial da ferida cirúrgica, teve alta hospitalar. A conduta de exérese cirúrgica do CCE foi rápida e de fácil execução, contudo, é fundamental a avaliação prévia, visando delinear e identificar a técnica de tratamento mais eficiente e menos invasiva.

A wagon bull, raised in the potiguar Semi-Arid, was admitted to the HOVET-UFERSA, with a swelling located on its back. This neoplasm was clinically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and was treated by surgical procedure of exeresis. To remove the tumor mass, an electric scalpel was used with a coupled steel wire and then an electric scalpel coupled with a saw wire. The animal remained hospitalized for 7 days, being medicated. After the patient's recovery, which presented excellent scar retraction of the surgical site, the patient was discharged. The surgical conduct of ECC excision is easy to perform. However, prior assessment is essential to identify the most effective treatment technique without relapse.

Carcinoma de células escamosas em dorso de bovino / Carcinoma of squamous cells in back bovine

Um boi de carroça, criado no Semi-Árido potiguar, foi atendido no HOVET-UFERSA, com aumento de volume localizado na região dorsal. A neoplasia foi diagnosticada clinicamente e confirmada após estudo histopatológico em carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE). Foi tratado por exérese cirúrgica. Para a remoção da massa tumoral utilizou-se bisturi elétrico com de fio de aço acoplado, seguida de uso de serra de Giglle. O paciente permaneceu internado durante 7 dias, sendo medicado, com cicatrização ocorrida por segunda intenção. Recuperado o paciente, com excelente retração cicatricial da ferida cirúrgica, teve alta hospitalar. A conduta de exérese cirúrgica do CCE foi rápida e de fácil execução, contudo,é fundamental a avaliação prévia, visando delinear e identificar a técnica de tratamento mais eficiente e menos invasiva.(AU)

A wagon bull, raised in the potiguar Semi-Arid, was admitted to the HOVET-UFERSA, with a swelling located on its back. This neoplasm was clinically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and was treated by surgical procedure of exeresis. To remove the tumor mass, an electric scalpel was used with a coupled steel wire and then an electric scalpel coupled with a saw wire. The animal remained hospitalized for 7 days, being medicated. After the patient's recovery, which presented excellent scar retraction of the surgical site, the patient was discharged. The surgical conduct of ECC excision is easy to perform. However, prior assessment is essential to identify the most effective treatment technique without relapse.(AU)

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de camundongos imunossuprimidos BALB/c NUDE E C57BL/6 SCID / Haematological and biochemical values of immunosuppressed BALB/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice

Background: The emergence of the NUDE and SCID immunosuppressed mice lineages generated knowledge on various mechanisms of lymphocyte maturation and human autoimmune diseases. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of these lineages is still scarce, making it impossible to infer homeostasis by comparing data, or to detect genetic influences on the parameters for these species. Haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on Balb/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice of both sexes, aiming to analyse the presence of genetic influence on possible variations of such parameters and to verify reference values for both lineages.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and forty mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/C NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID lineages were used in the present study. The animals were previously anesthetized, the blood collection procedure was performed by cardiac puncture and the samples were collected in the presence of heparin and intended for haematological and biochemical evaluation, under standardized conditions. The haematological evaluation consisted of red blood cell count, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While analysing the obtained data, it was possible to observe that only females presented divergences (P < 0.05) in the red blood cell series, in haemoglobin and in mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH). Regarding the analysis of the white blood cell series, females only presented differences (P < 0.05) in the leukocyte count. For males, there were variations (P < 0.05) in the counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.[...]

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de camundongos imunossuprimidos BALB/c NUDE E C57BL/6 SCID / Haematological and biochemical values of immunosuppressed BALB/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice

Background: The emergence of the NUDE and SCID immunosuppressed mice lineages generated knowledge on various mechanisms of lymphocyte maturation and human autoimmune diseases. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of these lineages is still scarce, making it impossible to infer homeostasis by comparing data, or to detect genetic influences on the parameters for these species. Haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on Balb/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice of both sexes, aiming to analyse the presence of genetic influence on possible variations of such parameters and to verify reference values for both lineages.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and forty mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/C NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID lineages were used in the present study. The animals were previously anesthetized, the blood collection procedure was performed by cardiac puncture and the samples were collected in the presence of heparin and intended for haematological and biochemical evaluation, under standardized conditions. The haematological evaluation consisted of red blood cell count, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While analysing the obtained data, it was possible to observe that only females presented divergences (P < 0.05) in the red blood cell series, in haemoglobin and in mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH). Regarding the analysis of the white blood cell series, females only presented differences (P < 0.05) in the leukocyte count. For males, there were variations (P < 0.05) in the counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.[...](AU)

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de camundongos da linhagem Balb-c / Haematological and biochemical profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...]

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de camundongos da linhagem Balb-c / Haematological and biochemical profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively.[...](AU)

Effect of different receptor sites on the development after ovarian autograft balb/c female mice / Efeito de diferentes sítios receptores no desenvolvimento do autotransplante ovariano em camundongas balb/c

The aim of this study was to compare two receptor sites in ovarian autologous transplantation in mice. Twelve Balb-c mice were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each: G1 - non-transplanted animals, G2 - animals which received the ovarian fragment in the perimetrium, G3 - animals which had the abdominal subcutaneous tissue as a receptor site. For transplantation, mice were subjected to bilateral salpingectomia. The left ovary was submitted for histological processing. The right ovarian cortex was fragmented and reimplanted in the specified places according to the groups. Transplants were recovered in 3/4 of the mice in each treatment group. In vaginal washes, the return of the ovarian activity in half of the females of G3 and 3/4 females of G2 was observed. It was detected the presence of corpora lutea in 1/4 of G3 transplants and half in G2. In follicular population all stages of development were observed. Comparing the receptor sites, it was observed a higher percentage of return to cyclicity, as well as of follicles, in animals which had the perimetrium as the site of transplantation. In the subcutaneous, there was a lower follicular growth and lower quantity of corpus luteum. Thus, ovarian autologous transplantation allocated in the subcutaneous tissue and perimetrium allowed both tissue maintenance and follicular development; however, the site of choice will depend on the final goal one aims with the technique

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica

Síndrome hipereosinofílico idiopático en el perro: una descripción poco común en el noreste de Brasil / Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in dog: an unsual description in Northeastern Brazil / Síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática em cão: uma insólita descrição no nordeste do Brasil

Síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) es un mieloproliferación rara en perros con presencia intensiva de los eosinófilos y los órganos de circulación. Hay pocos informes de canino SHI, y sin antecedentes de la enfermedad en el noreste de Brasil. El objetivo fue informar el SHI en un perro semiárido del noreste, haciendo hincapié en la importancia en el diagnóstico del síndrome de otras causas de eosinofilia. Un canino, macho, cuatro años mestizo, fue remitido al Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal Rural de la Zona Semiárida (Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Tenía una historia de eosinofilia crónica (por anterior hematología historia). Desparasitación actualiza. Solicitada para completar el recuento sanguíneo, la citología de la médula ósea, la serología para la leishmaniasis visceral y prueba de inmunoensayo para la detección de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocurrió eosinofilia sistémica y la cantidad marcada de eosinófilos en la médula ósea. No fue positivo para las enfermedades infecciosas. La terapia se instituyó-prednisolona. Después de 15 días, hematología mostró eosinófilos en los valores de referencia, así como el recuento de eosinófilos intramedular. Después de 112 días en el tratamiento, el paciente volvió a expresar eosinofilia suero y el compartimiento intraóseo mediante la sustitución de deflazacort prednisolona. Después de 63 días del inicio de [...](AU)

Idiopathic hypereosinophilc syndrome (HES) is a rare canine mioproliferation, with high quantity of eosinophils in peripheral blood and organs. There are few case reports of this disease in dogs, and no record of the disease in the Northeast of Brazil. This paper aimed to report the HES in a semi-arid Northeast dog, emphasizing the importance in the differential diagnosis of the other causes of eosinophilia. A 4 years old mixed breed male dog was referred to the Rural Federal University of Semi-Árid Hospital (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) present cronic eosinophilia (previously hematologic test). The deworming has been done. Complete blood count, marrow bone cytology, Leishmania serological test and immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis were requested. The laboratorial results showed systemic eosinophilia and marked amount of eosinophils in bone marrow. There was negative to infectious disease. Treatment with predinisolone was established. After 15 days, eosinophils count had returns to reference values as well as the bone marrow count. Lather than 112 days of treatment, the animal manifested serum and intraosseous compartment eosinophilia again, so prednisolona was replaced by deflazacort. After 63 days of the start this new treatment, the dog presented normal eosinophils count in blood and bone marrow. [...](AU)

A síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) é uma mieloproliferação rara em cães, com intensa presença de eosinófilos circulantes e em órgãos. Há poucos relatos da SHI canina, e sem registro da doença no Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se relatar a SHI em um cão do semiárido nordestino brasileiro, ressaltando a importância no diagnóstico da síndrome para outras causas de eosinofilia. Um canino, macho, quatro anos, sem raça definida, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Possuía histórico de eosinofilia crônica (por exames hematológicos pregressos). A vermifigução estava atualizada. Solicitaram-se hemograma completo, citologia da medula óssea, sorologia para leishmaniose visceral e ensaio imunocromatográfico para detecção de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocorria eosinofilia sistêmica e acentuada quantidade de eosinófilos na medula óssea. Não houve positividade para doenças infecciosas. Instituiu-se terapia com prednisolona. Transcorridos 15 dias, a hematologia exibiu eosinófilos nos valores de referência, assim como a contagem de eosinófilos intramedular. Após 112 dias do tratamento, o paciente retornou a manifestar eosinofilia sérica e no compartimento intraósseo, substituindo a prednisolona pelo deflazacort. Após 63 dias do início desse último, o cão possuía normalidade nos índices de eosinófilos [...](AU)

Effect of different receptor sites on the development after ovarian autograft balb/c female mice / Efeito de diferentes sítios receptores no desenvolvimento do autotransplante ovariano em camundongas balb/c

The aim of this study was to compare two receptor sites in ovarian autologous transplantation in mice. Twelve Balb-c mice were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each: G1 - non-transplanted animals, G2 - animals which received the ovarian fragment in the perimetrium, G3 - animals which had the abdominal subcutaneous tissue as a receptor site. For transplantation, mice were subjected to bilateral salpingectomia. The left ovary was submitted for histological processing. The right ovarian cortex was fragmented and reimplanted in the specified places according to the groups. Transplants were recovered in 3/4 of the mice in each treatment group. In vaginal washes, the return of the ovarian activity in half of the females of G3 and 3/4 females of G2 was observed. It was detected the presence of corpora lutea in 1/4 of G3 transplants and half in G2. In follicular population all stages of development were observed. Comparing the receptor sites, it was observed a higher percentage of return to cyclicity, as well as of follicles, in animals which had the perimetrium as the site of transplantation. In the subcutaneous, there was a lower follicular growth and lower quantity of corpus luteum. Thus, ovarian autologous transplantation allocated in the subcutaneous tissue and perimetrium allowed both tissue maintenance and follicular development; however, the site of choice will depend on the final goal one aims with the technique(AU)

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica(AU)

Síndrome hipereosinofílico idiopático en el perro: una descripción poco común en el noreste de Brasil / Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in dog: an unsual description in Northeastern Brazil / Síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática em cão: uma insólita descrição no nordeste do Brasil

Síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) es un mieloproliferación rara en perros con presencia intensiva de los eosinófilos y los órganos de circulación. Hay pocos informes de canino SHI, y sin antecedentes de la enfermedad en el noreste de Brasil. El objetivo fue informar el SHI en un perro semiárido del noreste, haciendo hincapié en la importancia en el diagnóstico del síndrome de otras causas de eosinofilia. Un canino, macho, cuatro años mestizo, fue remitido al Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal Rural de la Zona Semiárida (Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Tenía una historia de eosinofilia crónica (por anterior hematología historia). Desparasitación actualiza. Solicitada para completar el recuento sanguíneo, la citología de la médula ósea, la serología para la leishmaniasis visceral y prueba de inmunoensayo para la detección de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocurrió eosinofilia sistémica y la cantidad marcada de eosinófilos en la médula ósea. No fue positivo para las enfermedades infecciosas. La terapia se instituyó-prednisolona. Después de 15 días, hematología mostró eosinófilos en los valores de referencia, así como el recuento de eosinófilos intramedular. Después de 112 días en el tratamiento, el paciente volvió a expresar eosinofilia suero y el compartimiento intraóseo mediante la sustitución de deflazacort prednisolona. Después de 63 días del inicio de [...]

Idiopathic hypereosinophilc syndrome (HES) is a rare canine mioproliferation, with high quantity of eosinophils in peripheral blood and organs. There are few case reports of this disease in dogs, and no record of the disease in the Northeast of Brazil. This paper aimed to report the HES in a semi-arid Northeast dog, emphasizing the importance in the differential diagnosis of the other causes of eosinophilia. A 4 years old mixed breed male dog was referred to the Rural Federal University of Semi-Árid Hospital (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) present cronic eosinophilia (previously hematologic test). The deworming has been done. Complete blood count, marrow bone cytology, Leishmania serological test and immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis were requested. The laboratorial results showed systemic eosinophilia and marked amount of eosinophils in bone marrow. There was negative to infectious disease. Treatment with predinisolone was established. After 15 days, eosinophils count had returns to reference values as well as the bone marrow count. Lather than 112 days of treatment, the animal manifested serum and intraosseous compartment eosinophilia again, so prednisolona was replaced by deflazacort. After 63 days of the start this new treatment, the dog presented normal eosinophils count in blood and bone marrow. [...]

A síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) é uma mieloproliferação rara em cães, com intensa presença de eosinófilos circulantes e em órgãos. Há poucos relatos da SHI canina, e sem registro da doença no Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se relatar a SHI em um cão do semiárido nordestino brasileiro, ressaltando a importância no diagnóstico da síndrome para outras causas de eosinofilia. Um canino, macho, quatro anos, sem raça definida, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Possuía histórico de eosinofilia crônica (por exames hematológicos pregressos). A vermifigução estava atualizada. Solicitaram-se hemograma completo, citologia da medula óssea, sorologia para leishmaniose visceral e ensaio imunocromatográfico para detecção de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocorria eosinofilia sistêmica e acentuada quantidade de eosinófilos na medula óssea. Não houve positividade para doenças infecciosas. Instituiu-se terapia com prednisolona. Transcorridos 15 dias, a hematologia exibiu eosinófilos nos valores de referência, assim como a contagem de eosinófilos intramedular. Após 112 dias do tratamento, o paciente retornou a manifestar eosinofilia sérica e no compartimento intraósseo, substituindo a prednisolona pelo deflazacort. Após 63 dias do início desse último, o cão possuía normalidade nos índices de eosinófilos [...]

Morphometric alteration of intestinal epithelium of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to the technique of enteropexy

Background: Due to the numerous complications that enteropexy may cause in domestic animals and humans, this study aimed at investigating the microscopic level, the damage generated by this technique in mice, in order to investigate the morphometric changes caused by enteropexy technique in rats. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical technique of enteropexy. To evaluate intestinal disorders they were euthanized at 30 (Group I), 60 (group II) and 90 (group III) days after the procedure. The animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for the removal of intestinal fragments for analysis in conventional microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In classical histopathology, group I presented mild lesions with necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells. After 60 days, extensive ischemic necrosis area was observed, characterized by the denudation of epithelium cells and cellular debris in the lumen surface and loss of intestinal crypts. After 90 days (group III) lesions were evident and were characterized by strong coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and intestinal crypts. Under electron microscopy, group I showed early fusion of the adjacent intestinal walls. After 60 days there was adherence of luminal stenosis and intestinal walls. In group III loss of epithelium and substitution [...](AU)

Morphometric alteration of intestinal epithelium of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to the technique of enteropexy

Background: Due to the numerous complications that enteropexy may cause in domestic animals and humans, this study aimed at investigating the microscopic level, the damage generated by this technique in mice, in order to investigate the morphometric changes caused by enteropexy technique in rats. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical technique of enteropexy. To evaluate intestinal disorders they were euthanized at 30 (Group I), 60 (group II) and 90 (group III) days after the procedure. The animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for the removal of intestinal fragments for analysis in conventional microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In classical histopathology, group I presented mild lesions with necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells. After 60 days, extensive ischemic necrosis area was observed, characterized by the denudation of epithelium cells and cellular debris in the lumen surface and loss of intestinal crypts. After 90 days (group III) lesions were evident and were characterized by strong coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and intestinal crypts. Under electron microscopy, group I showed early fusion of the adjacent intestinal walls. After 60 days there was adherence of luminal stenosis and intestinal walls. In group III loss of epithelium and substitution [...]

Sarcoide equino: revisão de literatura / Equine sarcoid: literature review / Sarcoide equino: revisión de literatura

Entre todas as especialidades veterinárias, a dermatologia e a oncologia vêm se destacado. Nos equinos, além de causar problemas econômicos, as lesões de pele são um importante problema estético. A pele é o local mais comum de neoplasmas em equinos, perfazendo aproximadamente 50% de todos os tumores. Entre os principais destacam-se sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma e melanoma. O sarcoide é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente em equinos, e corresponde a um terço de todos os tumores descritos nesta espécie.Clinicamente são classificados em seis tipos: verrucoso, superficial, nodular, fibroblástico, maligno ou misto. O diagnóstico é dado mediante biopsia da pele e estudo histopatológico. A ligadura, remoção cirúrgica, criocirurgia, cirurgia a laser, eletroquimioterapia com uso de cisplatina intralesional, uso de BCG, radioterapia e uso tópico de aciclovir são opções de técnicas de tratamentos de tumores. O protocolo de tratamento deve ser escolhido com critérios pelo veterinário, já que para cada protocolo existem indicações diferentes e eficácias variáveis, que dependem do tipo de tumor, tamanho e sua localização. Esta revisão visa a descrever técnicas de tratamentos disponíveis na literatura para o sarcoide equino, além de esclarecer a etiologia, suas características histológicas e aspectos clínicos para melhor abordagem no diagnóstico desta neoplasia. De acordo com o descrito na literatura, o sarcoide equino é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente na rotina clínica, o que determinou a escolha desta revisão, possibilitando, assim, um maior conhecimento acerca dessa afecção e dos tratamentos disponíveis no mercado.(AU)

Among all veterinary specialties, dermatology and oncology have stood out lately. In horses, besides causing economic problems, skin lesions are a major aesthetic issue. The skin is the most common place for neoplasms in horses, making up about 50% of all tumors. Among the main ones, there are sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma and melanoma. Sarcoid is the most common skin neoplasia in horses, and corresponds to a third of all tumors reported in this species. They are clinically classified into six types: verrucous, superficial, nodular, fibroblastic, malignant or mixed. Diagnosis is made through skin biopsy and histopathology. Bandage, surgical removal, cryosurgery, laser surgery, electrochemotherapy with intralesional cisplatin, use of BCG, radiotherapy and topical acyclovir are techniques for tumor treatments. The treatment protocol should be carefully chosen by the veterinarian, since for each protocol there are different indications and efficacy variables, depending on the tumor type, size and location. This review aims to describe techniques available in literature for the treatment of equine sarcoid as well as the etiology, clinical features and histologic aspects for the best approach in the diagnosis of this neoplasm. According to literature, equine sarcoid is the most frequent skin cancer in clinical routine, which has determined the choice of this review, enabling a greater knowledge about this disease and the treatments available.(AU)

Entre todas las especialidades veterinarias, la dermatología y oncología se han destacado. En los equinos, además de causar problemas económicos, lesiones de la piel son un problema estético importante. La piel es el sitio más común de las neoplasias en equinos, que comprenden aproximadamente el 50% de todos los tumores. Entre los principales se destacan sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma y melanoma. El sarcoide es la neoplasia más frecuente en equinos, y corresponde a un tercio de todos los tumores reportados en esta especie. Clínicamente se clasifican en seis tipos: verrugosas, superficiales, nodulares, fibroblastos, maligno o mezclado. El diagnóstico es dado a través de biopsia de la piel y estudio histopatológico. El vendaje, la extirpación quirúrgica, criocirugía, la cirugía a láser, electro quimioterapia intralesional con cisplatino, uso de BCG, radioterapia y aciclovir tópico son opciones de técnicas para tratamiento de tumores. El protocolo de tratamiento debe ser elegido con criterio por el veterinario, ya que para cada protocolo hay diferentes indicaciones y variable de eficacia, dependiendo del tipo de tumor, tamaño y ubicación. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir las técnicas de tratamientos disponibles en la literatura para sarcoide equino, además de aclarar la etiología, sus características histológicas y aspectos clínicos para mejor enfoque en el diagnóstico de la neoplasia. De acuerdo con el descrito en la literatura, el sarcoide equino es la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente en la rutina clínica, lo que ha determinado la elección de esta revisión, permitiendo mayor conocimiento acerca de esa enfermedad y los tratamientos disponibles en el mercado.(AU)

Caracterização clínica e terapêutica de lesões mamárias não neoplásicas em fêmeas da espécie felina / Clinical and therapeutic characterization of nonneoplastic mammary lesions in feline species females

A hiperplasia fibroepitelial e a displasia cística são proliferações não neoplásicas da glândulamamária felina. Embora sejam benignas, possuem o carcinoma como principal diagnóstico diferencial.Objetivou-se estabelecer o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e terapêutico das neoformações mamárias nãoneoplásicas de gatas domésticas, no sentido de auxiliar aos clínicos veterinários no manejo destas mastopatias. Aobtenção das informações, de forma retrospectiva, ocorreu por meio de fichas do Hospital Veterinário daUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Foi colhida informação da anamnese, aspecto clínico das lesões,diagnóstico microscópico, terapia utilizada e resposta clínica. Os dados foram distribuídos em frequências.Verificou-se que a maioria das alterações (91%) correspondia à hiperplasia fibroepitelial, em contraste comapenas um (9%) caso de displasia cística. A citologia confirmou todas as situações de hiperplasia fibroepitelial,enquanto o diagnóstico definitivo da displasia cística foi obtido somente pela histopatologia. Grande parte dasgatas estudadas possuía idade inferior a um ano, sendo usualmente não ovariectomizada e já submetida à terapiacom progestágenos. O sinal clínico mais comum foi à cianose local. Em 90% das fêmeas com hiperplasiafibroepitelial mamária, o tratamento primário equivaleu à administração de fármaco antiprogestágeno(aglepristone). Após a regressão do tecido mamário, as pacientes foram submetidas àovariossalpingohisterectomia. Para a displasia cística, estabeleceu-se a associação da esterilização cirúrgica coma mastectomia. Para todas as situações, as distintas terapias promoveram a remissão definitiva das mastopatias.Os dados obtidos tornam-se fundamentais para a abordagem clínica e terapêutica das pacientes felinasacometidas por neoformações não neoplásicas da glândula mamária

The fibroepithelial hyperplasia and cystic dysplasia correspond to feline mammary glandnonneoplastic proliferations. Although benign, they have the carcinoma as the main differential diagnosis. Thestudy aimed to establish the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic profile of nonneoplastic mammaryneoformations of domestic cats, in order to help veterinary clinicians in the management of feline mastopathies.Information was obtained retrospectively from the Veterinary Hospital of the Semi-Arid Rural FederalUniversity clinical records. Historical information, clinical appearance of the lesions and microscopic diagnosiswere collected, besides the therapy used and the respective clinical response. The data were distributed infrequencies. It was found that most disorders (91%) corresponded to fibroepithelial hyperplasia, in contrast withone (9%) case of cystic dysplasia. Cytology was enough to confirm all cases of fibroepithelial hyperplasia, whilethe cystic dysplasia definitive diagnosis was obtained only by the histopathological exam. Many of the catsstudied were under one year old, having not usually been ovariectomized yet, but already subjected to progestintreatment. The most common clinical sign were local cyanosis. In 90% of the female patients with breastfibroepithelial hyperplasia, primary treatment consisted of antiprogestagen drug (aglepristone) administration.After complete regression of the breast tissue, the patients underwent ovariosalpingohysterectomy. For the cysticdysplasia case, it was established the association of surgical sterilization with mastectomy. For all situations, thedifferent therapies promoted permanent remission of the mastopathies. The data obtained become crucial forclinical management and therapy of feline patients suffering from nonneoplastic mammary gland neoformations

Pitiose canina: uma doença despercebida na clínica de pequenos animais / Canine pythiosis: an unnoticed disease in the small animal clinic

A pitiose é uma doença granulomatosa decorrente da infecção pelo oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. Essa enfermidade tem recebido grande atenção devido à ampla distribuição do patógeno, sintomatologia variável, dificuldade no diagnóstico e necessidade de seleção de uma terapia apropriada. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da pitiose na espécie canina, alertando o médicoveterinário em considerar tal enfermidade na rotina da clínica de pequenos animais. Para a manutenção do ciclo no ambiente, o P. insidiosum necessita de umidade e com temperatura elevada. Não se verifica transmissão direta entre animais ou zoonótica. No Brasil há um considerável volume de estudos da pitiose em cães,principalmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Frequentemente os animais afetados são machos, de grande porte, com idade inferior a três anos. Essa doença Apresenta-se sob as formas gastrintestinal e cutânea, sendo a primeira a mais frequente. A avaliação histopatológica pode representar a única ferramenta para o diagnóstico, poisrotineiramente as amostras encontram-se fixadas em formol, o que inviabiliza o seu envio para a cultura. Asterapias utilizadas apresentam resultados variados e incluem combinação de antifúngicos sistêmicos, cirurgia e imunoterapia. Torna-se essencial a inclusão da pitiose na diferenciação de determinadas enfermidades cutâneas e/ou gastroentéricas que acometem os cães. Essa doença infecciosa não deve ser considerada incomum na práticada clínica veterinária, pois o que provavelmente ocorre é um subdiagnóstico, seja pela ausência de suspeita clínica ou a falta de direcionamento das amostras teciduais para laboratórios especializados

Pythiosis is a granulomatous infectious disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease has received great attention due to the pathogen wide distribution, variable symptoms, difficulty in clinical diagnosis and need for appropriate therapy selection. This study aimed to perform a literature review about the pythiosis in dogs, prompting a veterinarian to consider this disease in the small animal clinic routine. For the maintenance of the cycle in the environment, P. insidiosum requires water accumulation and high temperature. There is neither direct transmission among animals nor zoonotic. In Brazil, there is a considerable amount of study on pythiosis in dogs, especially in the South and Southeast regions. Often affected animals are male, large, and below three years of age. The disease shows up under the gastrointestinal and in skin forms, being the first the most common. Histopathology may represent the only tool for the diagnosis, since samples are routinely fixed in formalin, making their culture unfeasible. The therapies used have varied results and include systemic antifungal drug combination, surgery, and immunotherapy. Pythiosis should be included in the differentiation of certain skin and/or gastroenteric ailments that affect dogs. This infectious disease should not be considered unusual in the veterinary clinic practice. What may really occur is an underdiagnosis either by absence of clinical suspicion or lack of direction of the tissue samples to specialized laboratories

Histopathological features of mammary gland tumors in native domestic female cats from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Background: There is in Brazil little information about histopathological features of feline mammary neoplasms. Especially in some Brazilian Northeastern locations such as Rio Grande do Norte (RN), there is complete absence of data regarding feline mammary neoplasm microscopy. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe the histopathology of mammary gland tumors in native domestic cats from the state of RN, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Records of 26 feline females, carriers of mammary neoplasms, were analyzed. Files from Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (located in the city of Mossoró, RN, Brazil) were used, comprehending the period from December 2004 to August 2009. The information collected was related to mammary tumor microscopic findings, obtained from classical histopathology reports. The lesions were distributed according to their biological behavior. Histological classification and morphological differentiation degree were also considered. Data related to neoplastic infiltration in adjacent tumoral regions were obtained as well. Descriptive statistic data were performed and submitted in percentage form. It was observed that most tumors (92%) exhibited malignant biological behavior. All of those were classified as carcinomas and, among the ones presenting benign behavior, intraductal papilloma was diagnosed. As referred to malignancies, the most common histological type corresponded to papillary carcinoma (42%). For morphological differentiation degree of mammary carcinomas, grade II presented the highest percentage (54%). Local tumor infiltration occurred mainly to the skin (75%).Discussion: It has been reported that, among the palpable mammary masses in cats, 82% corresponded to malignancies and 10% were benign neoplasms.[...](AU)