Histerocele inguinal gravídica em gata: relato de caso / Inguinal gravid hysterocele in feline: case report

A histerocele é uma condição rara na espécie felina, sendo caracterizada por protrusão do útero pelo anel inguinal. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui tumor mamário, linfadenopatia, hematoma, abscesso e granuloma. Assim, exames de imagem como a ultrassonografia abdominal apresentam importante papel no diagnóstico e prognóstico da doença. O tratamento dessa condição é cirúrgico e inclui a realização de herniorrafia e ovário-histerectomia, a fim de evitar recidivas e a transmissão hereditária. O presente trabalho relata um caso de uma gata adulta com aumento de volume inguinal. Ao exame ultrassonográfico foi identificada a presença de útero herniado, contendo três fetos viáveis. O tratamento consistiu em cesariana, ovário-histerectomia e herniorrafia pela via inguinal.(AU)

Hysterocele is a rare condition in the feline species, characterized by a protrusion of the uterus through the inguinal ring. Differential diagnoses include mammary tumors, lymphadenopathy, hematoma, abscess and granuloma. Thus, imaging tests such as abdominal ultrasound play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The treatment of this condition is surgical and includes the performance of herniorrhaphy and ovariohysterectomy, in order to avoid recurrences and hereditary transmission. The present study reports a case of an adult cat with increased inguinal volume. The ultrasound examination identified the presence of a herniated uterus, containing three viable fetuses. Treatment consisted of cesarean section, ovariohysterectomy and inguinal herniorrhaphy.(AU)

Stereology of spix's yellow-toothed cavy brain (Galea spixii, WAGLER, 1831)

Spix's Yellow-toothed Cavy is a histrichomorphic rodent of the Caviidae family found in South American countries such as Brazil and Bolivia. It is a widely-used species as an experimental model in research in reproductive biology due to morphological and reproductive characteristics, such as the similarity in the placental development of Galea spixii and human species. However, there are no studies on the behavior of this species or on its brain morphology. Considering the lack of information in the literature about the brain and internal structures of Galea spixii, this study aimed to stereologic evaluate the brain as well as the volumetric proportions of the hippocampus and corpus callosum. Therefore, ten healthy animals were used from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido. The brains were measured in terms of external length, height and width, followed by fixation in paraformaldehyde solution 4% and coronary cuts with a thickness of 4mm and the rostral face of each cut was photographed, with the images being analyzed to determine the volumetric proportions of the required areas. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of volume, length, width and height when the right and left hemispheres were compared, and there was also no statistically significant difference between the volume of the corpus callosum and hippocampus in both hemispheres. The brain of Galea spixii is larger when compared to the rodent Rattus norvegicus. Volumetric differences may be responsible for distinct behavioral aspects between these species.

Stereology of spix's yellow-toothed cavy brain (Galea spixii, WAGLER, 1831)

Spix's Yellow-toothed Cavy is a histrichomorphic rodent of the Caviidae family found in South American countries such as Brazil and Bolivia. It is a widely-used species as an experimental model in research in reproductive biology due to morphological and reproductive characteristics, such as the similarity in the placental development of Galea spixii and human species. However, there are no studies on the behavior of this species or on its brain morphology. Considering the lack of information in the literature about the brain and internal structures of Galea spixii, this study aimed to stereologic evaluate the brain as well as the volumetric proportions of the hippocampus and corpus callosum. Therefore, ten healthy animals were used from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido. The brains were measured in terms of external length, height and width, followed by fixation in paraformaldehyde solution 4% and coronary cuts with a thickness of 4mm and the rostral face of each cut was photographed, with the images being analyzed to determine the volumetric proportions of the required areas. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of volume, length, width and height when the right and left hemispheres were compared, and there was also no statistically significant difference between the volume of the corpus callosum and hippocampus in both hemispheres. The brain of Galea spixii is larger when compared to the rodent Rattus norvegicus. Volumetric differences may be responsible for distinct behavioral aspects between these species.(AU)

Effects of leptin and adinopectin on cardiovascular, respiratory and haematological systems of healthy dogs

Adipocytokines are substances produced by adipocytes responsible for the regulation of several physiological processes. Among those substances, leptin and adiponectin have been intensively investigated because of their possible effects on metabolism, reproduction, hematopoiesis and cardiovascular system. The current study aimed to assess the effects of adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin on cardiac and respiratory functions, as well as on the hematological parameters of healthy female dogs of different breeds. Parameters of rectal temperature, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse, heart rate and respiratory rate were evaluated in fifty two healthy female dogs. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and plasma leptin and adiponectin measurement via ELISA technique. There was no difference in circulating levels of adipocytokines among the different breeds (p ≤ 0,05). Negative correlation between leptin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was found, while it was positive regarding systolic blood pressure, heart rate and breathing. Adiponectin was positively correlated with red blood cells and platelets and negatively with heart rate, respiratory rate, diastolic blood pressure and pulse. Adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, exert regulatory effects on cardiorespiratory function and hematopoiesis in healthy female dogs.(AU)

Morphometric alteration of intestinal epithelium of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to the technique of enteropexy

Background: Due to the numerous complications that enteropexy may cause in domestic animals and humans, this study aimed at investigating the microscopic level, the damage generated by this technique in mice, in order to investigate the morphometric changes caused by enteropexy technique in rats. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical technique of enteropexy. To evaluate intestinal disorders they were euthanized at 30 (Group I), 60 (group II) and 90 (group III) days after the procedure. The animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for the removal of intestinal fragments for analysis in conventional microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In classical histopathology, group I presented mild lesions with necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells. After 60 days, extensive ischemic necrosis area was observed, characterized by the denudation of epithelium cells and cellular debris in the lumen surface and loss of intestinal crypts. After 90 days (group III) lesions were evident and were characterized by strong coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and intestinal crypts. Under electron microscopy, group I showed early fusion of the adjacent intestinal walls. After 60 days there was adherence of luminal stenosis and intestinal walls. In group III loss of epithelium and substitution [...](AU)

Morphometric alteration of intestinal epithelium of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to the technique of enteropexy

Background: Due to the numerous complications that enteropexy may cause in domestic animals and humans, this study aimed at investigating the microscopic level, the damage generated by this technique in mice, in order to investigate the morphometric changes caused by enteropexy technique in rats. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical technique of enteropexy. To evaluate intestinal disorders they were euthanized at 30 (Group I), 60 (group II) and 90 (group III) days after the procedure. The animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for the removal of intestinal fragments for analysis in conventional microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In classical histopathology, group I presented mild lesions with necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells. After 60 days, extensive ischemic necrosis area was observed, characterized by the denudation of epithelium cells and cellular debris in the lumen surface and loss of intestinal crypts. After 90 days (group III) lesions were evident and were characterized by strong coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and intestinal crypts. Under electron microscopy, group I showed early fusion of the adjacent intestinal walls. After 60 days there was adherence of luminal stenosis and intestinal walls. In group III loss of epithelium and substitution [...]

Serum and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy dogs / Fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular no soro e plasma de cães saudáveis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor with a key role in physiological and pathological process. It can be measured in several organic fluids, including serum and plasma samples. The aim of this work was to investigate the concentration of serum and plasma VEGF of healthy dogs in order to recommend optimal handling of biological samples for accurate measurement of VEGF. Blood samples of thirty dogs were collected into sterile EDTA tube for plasma analysis and into clot activator tubes for serum analysis. The tubes were centrifuged within 90 minutes of collection at 1400 xg for 10 minutes. VEGF concentration was determined using the quantitative method (ELISA). Serum VEGF level was 26.5 + 13.3pg/mL and plasma VEGF was 11.7 + 16.4 pg/mL (p = 0.0003). There was a positive correlation between serum VEGF and platelets (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and a negative correlation between serum VEGF and hemoglobin (r = -0.38, p = 0.03) and between plasma VEGF and  hemoglobin (r = -0.34, p = 0.06). When compared with serum samples it was concluded that plasma samples could be used as an optimal fluid for measuring VEGF in dogs(AU)

O fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) é um fator angiogênico com papel importante em processos patológicos e fisiológicos. O VEGF pode ser quantificado em diversos fluidos orgânicos, incluindo amostras de soro e plasma. O presente trabalho investigou a concentração do VEGF no soro e no plasma de cães saudáveis a fim de recomendar o manejo ótimo de amostras biológicas para a determinação dos níveis do VEGF. Amostras de sangue de 30 cães saudáveis foram coletadas em tubos estéreis contendo EDTA para análise do plasma e em tubos com ativador de coagulação para análise do soro. Os tubos foram centrifugados após 90 minutos da coleta a 1.400 x g por 10 minutos. A concentração do VEGF foi determinada com o método quantitativo de ELISA. O nível sérico médio de VEGF foi de 26,5+13,3pg/mL e o plasmático foi 11,7 + 16.4 pg/mL (p = 0,0003). Houve correlação positiva entre o VEGF do soro com as plaquetas (r = 0,37, p = 0,03) e correlação negativa entre o VEGF do soro com hemoglobina (r = -0,38, p = 0,03) e entre VEGF do plasma com hemoglobina (r = -0,34, p = 0,06). A comparação dos resultado obtidos nos exames de plasma e soro indicou que amostras de plasma podem ser utilizadas como ótimo fluido para quantificação do VEGF de cães(AU)

Transmissible extragenital venereal tumor in impuberal canine

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is commonly observed in the external reproductive organs of sexually active canines. However, this tumor can unusually be identified in young dogs which have not reached reproductive capacity. In these latter animals, the tumor presentation is located in regions distant from the genitalia as integument and mucous membranes of body cavities. This study aimed to describe a case of TVT in a puppy dog. A seven month old female dog of the Labrador breed, had disseminated nodules in the skin and left conjunctival mucosa. Cytological examination of theproliferation was chosen, which led to the diagnosis of TVT. Since the dog showed no genital lesions, as she was impuberal,this was considered as an extragenital case. Chemotherapy protocol was established with vincristine sulfate, with completeremission of the lesion at the end of the fourth session. Later there was recurrence of the cutaneous TVT, being employedsalvage therapy with vinblastine. However there was tumor resistance to such a drug. Surgical excision of the recurrentlesion was performed. It was demonstrated that TVT may also be adapted to other tissues and affect not only dogs atreproductive age, but also those at the pre-pubertal age.

Transmissible extragenital venereal tumor in impuberal canine

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is commonly observed in the external reproductive organs of sexually active canines. However, this tumor can unusually be identified in young dogs which have not reached reproductive capacity. In these latter animals, the tumor presentation is located in regions distant from the genitalia as integument and mucous membranes of body cavities. This study aimed to describe a case of TVT in a puppy dog. A seven month old female dog of the Labrador breed, had disseminated nodules in the skin and left conjunctival mucosa. Cytological examination of theproliferation was chosen, which led to the diagnosis of TVT. Since the dog showed no genital lesions, as she was impuberal,this was considered as an extragenital case. Chemotherapy protocol was established with vincristine sulfate, with completeremission of the lesion at the end of the fourth session. Later there was recurrence of the cutaneous TVT, being employedsalvage therapy with vinblastine. However there was tumor resistance to such a drug. Surgical excision of the recurrentlesion was performed. It was demonstrated that TVT may also be adapted to other tissues and affect not only dogs atreproductive age, but also those at the pre-pubertal age.(AU)

Síndrome do ovário remanescente em uma gata doméstica / Ovarian remaining syndrome in a female cat

A síndrome do ovário remanescente é caracterizada pela remoção incompleta do ovário durante castração, onde o tecido residual torna-se funcional. Apesar de já ter sido descrita em gatas, a ocorrência é menor nesses animais quando comparada aos humanos. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar, em felino, um caso de síndrome do ovário remanescente. Uma gata, com um ano e sete meses, havia sido submetida à ovariectomia. Após cinco meses do procedimento cirúrgico, ocorreram sinais de cio. A paciente foi examinada. Em seguida realizou-se citologia vaginal. Optou-se por uma laparotomia exploratória. A gata foi anestesiada e iniciou-se a cirurgia, cujo material obtido foi encaminhado para histopatologia. A gata encontrava-se com os parâmetros fisiológicos normais. A citologia vaginal constatou padrão compatível com estro. Na laparotomia, havia resíduo de ovário no pedículo esquerdo. A histopatologia detectou a presença de cistos e folículos ovarianos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, confirmando o diagnóstico de síndrome do ovário remanescente. Embora pouco relatada na espécie felina, essa patologia reprodutiva possui diagnóstico e tratamento relativamente simples.

The remaining ovary syndrome is characterized by incomplete removal of the ovaries during castration, when the remaining tissue becomes functional. Although it has already been described in cats, its incidence is lower in these animals when compared to humans. This study aimed to report a case of remaining ovary syndrome in a feline. A one-year-and-seven-month-old cat had undergone ovariectomy. After five months of surgery, the animal presented signs of rut. The patient was examined and, then, vaginal cytology was held. Na exploratory laparotomy was chosen. The cat was anesthetized and the surgery began. The material obtained was sent to histopathology. The cat had normal physiological parameters. The vaginal cytology showed a pattern consistent with estrus. Laparotomy presented ovarian residue in the left pedicle. Histopathology detected the presence of cysts and follicles in different stages of development, confirming the diagnosis of remaining ovary syndrome. Though rarely reported in the feline species, this reproductive pathology diagnosis and treatment is relatively simple.

Micobacteriose cutânea atípica felina: descrição do primo caso na Cidade de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

A micobacteriose cutânea atípica é uma enfermidade incomum em gatos domésticos, principalmente dos oriundosdo Nordeste brasileiro. Objetivou-se relatar tal dermatopatia em felino autóctone da cidade de Mossoró, RioGrande do Norte, Brasil. Uma gata, dez anos, sem raça definida, possuía lesão tegumentar no abdômen. A pacientefoi submetida ao exame físico. Optou-se por realizar biopsia excisional e o material obtido foi enviado paraa histopatologia, com uso de coloração especial para micobactérias. Havia uma placa dermossubcutânea, envolvendoa região das glândulas mamárias abdominais caudais. A análise clínica-histopatológica definiu um quadrode micobacteriose cutânea atípica. Deve-se considerar tal dermatopatia em gatos da região Nordeste do Brasil. (AU)

Caracterização do adenocarcinoma apócrino secretório cutâneo em um canino

O adenocarcinoma secretório cutâneo corresponde a um tumor maligno oriundo da glândula sudorípara apócrina, sendo incomum em caninos. Objetivou-se descrever tal neoplasia nessa espécie. Uma cadela, nove anos, raça Labrador Retriever, possuía lesão na pata dianteira direita, com três meses de evolução. A paciente foi submetida ao exame físico. Optou-se por realizar biopsia incisional e o material obtido foi enviado para a histopatologia. Havia um tumor dermossubcutâneo, com oito cm de diâmetro, envolvendo o terceiro dígito do membro torácico direito. Não ocorriam proliferações em outras regiões anatômicas. O padrão lesional histológico foi compatível com adenocarcinoma apócrino secretório tegumentar. Deve-se incluir o mesmo na diferenciação das demais neoformações tegumentares crônicas caninas. (AU)

Caracterização do adenocarcinoma apócrino secretório cutâneo em um canino

O adenocarcinoma secretório cutâneo corresponde a um tumor maligno oriundo da glândula sudorípara apócrina, sendo incomum em caninos. Objetivou-se descrever tal neoplasia nessa espécie. Uma cadela, nove anos, raça Labrador Retriever, possuía lesão na pata dianteira direita, com três meses de evolução. A paciente foi submetida ao exame físico. Optou-se por realizar biopsia incisional e o material obtido foi enviado para a histopatologia. Havia um tumor dermossubcutâneo, com oito cm de diâmetro, envolvendo o terceiro dígito do membro torácico direito. Não ocorriam proliferações em outras regiões anatômicas. O padrão lesional histológico foi compatível com adenocarcinoma apócrino secretório tegumentar. Deve-se incluir o mesmo na diferenciação das demais neoformações tegumentares crônicas caninas.

Micobacteriose cutânea atípica felina: descrição do primo caso na Cidade de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

A micobacteriose cutânea atípica é uma enfermidade incomum em gatos domésticos, principalmente dos oriundosdo Nordeste brasileiro. Objetivou-se relatar tal dermatopatia em felino autóctone da cidade de Mossoró, RioGrande do Norte, Brasil. Uma gata, dez anos, sem raça definida, possuía lesão tegumentar no abdômen. A pacientefoi submetida ao exame físico. Optou-se por realizar biopsia excisional e o material obtido foi enviado paraa histopatologia, com uso de coloração especial para micobactérias. Havia uma placa dermossubcutânea, envolvendoa região das glândulas mamárias abdominais caudais. A análise clínica-histopatológica definiu um quadrode micobacteriose cutânea atípica. Deve-se considerar tal dermatopatia em gatos da região Nordeste do Brasil.

Aspectos clínicos da dermatite atópica em cães oriundos de uma clínica especializada em dermatologia veterinária na cidade de Natal-RN / Clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis in dogs coming at a veterinary dermatology clinic in the cityof Natal, RN

A dermatite atópica canina é definida como uma enfermidade cutânea pruriginosa, com predisposiçãogenética, porém multifatorial. Desponta uma grande importância na área da dermatologia e alergologiaveterinária por corresponder a uma doença de curso crônico, com sintomatologia clássica, atípica ougrave. O presente trabalho objetivou a descrição clínica de cães atópicos oriundos da capital potiguarbrasileira. Analisaram-se 27 atendimentos com diagnóstico de dermatite atópica canina.Buscou-se caracterizar a enfermidade conforme a idade do animal,raça, gênero sinais clínicos (e respectivas localizaçõesanatômicas) e complicações secundárias.Dos 27 pacientes acometidos com dermatite atópica, 52% eram fêmeas e 48% machos. Dentre o padrão racial,houve predominância do Poodle (33,33%), seguido doMaltês (18,52%).Com relação à faixa etária, detectou-se uma média de 4,14 anos. O prurido foi evidenciadoem 100% dos animais, principalmente na região digital/interdigital. Dentre as complicações associadas, destacou-se a piodermite bacteriana e a otite, ambas com frequência de 29,63%. Para a localização das lesões, a forma disseminada foi a mais prevalente (48,15% dos casos). Em caninos nativos da capital potiguar do Brasil, com histórico de dermatopatia alérgica crônica, deve-se considerar a possibilidade de atopia. (AU)

The canine atopic dermatitis is defined as an itchy skin disease with genetic predisposition, howevermultifactorial. Great importance stands out in the field of veterinary dermatology and allergy as itcorresponds to achronic disease, with classic symptoms, atypicalor severe. The study aimed to a clinical description of atopic dogs coming from Natal, Brazil. Twenty seven (27) animals with a diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis were analyzed. It was sought to characterize the disease according to the animals age, race, sex, clinical signs (and their anatomical locations) as well as secondary complications. It was observed that out of the 27patients affected with atopic dermatitis, 52% were femalesand 48%males.Amongtheracial pattern, predominated Poodle(33,33%), followed by Maltese(18,52%).Regarding the age group, we detected an average of 4,14years.The it ching was evidenced in100% ofthe patients, mainly in the digital/interdigital region. Among the associated complications, bacterialpyoderma and otitis were noteworthy, both with frequency of29,63%. For the location of the lesions, it was perceived prevalence of disseminated kind, being present in 48,15% of the animals. In canine native of Natal in Brazil, with a history of chronic allergic skin disease, one should consider the possibilityof atopy. (AU)

Aspectos clínicos da dermatite atópica em cães oriundos de uma clínica especializada em dermatologia veterinária na cidade de Natal-RN / Clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis in dogs coming at a veterinary dermatology clinic in the cityof Natal, RN

A dermatite atópica canina é definida como uma enfermidade cutânea pruriginosa, com predisposiçãogenética, porém multifatorial. Desponta uma grande importância na área da dermatologia e alergologiaveterinária por corresponder a uma doença de curso crônico, com sintomatologia clássica, atípica ougrave. O presente trabalho objetivou a descrição clínica de cães atópicos oriundos da capital potiguarbrasileira. Analisaram-se 27 atendimentos com diagnóstico de dermatite atópica canina.Buscou-se caracterizar a enfermidade conforme a idade do animal,raça, gênero sinais clínicos (e respectivas localizaçõesanatômicas) e complicações secundárias.Dos 27 pacientes acometidos com dermatite atópica, 52% eram fêmeas e 48% machos. Dentre o padrão racial,houve predominância do Poodle (33,33%), seguido doMaltês (18,52%).Com relação à faixa etária, detectou-se uma média de 4,14 anos. O prurido foi evidenciadoem 100% dos animais, principalmente na região digital/interdigital. Dentre as complicações associadas, destacou-se a piodermite bacteriana e a otite, ambas com frequência de 29,63%. Para a localização das lesões, a forma disseminada foi a mais prevalente (48,15% dos casos). Em caninos nativos da capital potiguar do Brasil, com histórico de dermatopatia alérgica crônica, deve-se considerar a possibilidade de atopia.

The canine atopic dermatitis is defined as an itchy skin disease with genetic predisposition, howevermultifactorial. Great importance stands out in the field of veterinary dermatology and allergy as itcorresponds to achronic disease, with classic symptoms, atypicalor severe. The study aimed to a clinical description of atopic dogs coming from Natal, Brazil. Twenty seven (27) animals with a diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis were analyzed. It was sought to characterize the disease according to the animal’s age, race, sex, clinical signs (and their anatomical locations) as well as secondary complications. It was observed that out of the 27patients affected with atopic dermatitis, 52% were femalesand 48%males.Amongtheracial pattern, predominated Poodle(33,33%), followed by Maltese(18,52%).Regarding the age group, we detected an average of 4,14years.The it ching was evidenced in100% ofthe patients, mainly in the digital/interdigital region. Among the associated complications, bacterialpyoderma and otitis were noteworthy, both with frequency of29,63%. For the location of the lesions, it was perceived prevalence of disseminated kind, being present in 48,15% of the animals. In canine native of Natal in Brazil, with a history of chronic allergic skin disease, one should consider the possibilityof atopy.

Bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors / Proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas e outros fatores de crescimento osseo

Complex fractures difficult to treat are still a challenge in Human Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. The surgical procedures involving the grafts may offer satisfactory results, but they increase surgical time and risk, besides the probability of complications. The use of bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors in systemic or local way may contribute to healing fractures, since it reduces healing time and complications.

Fraturas complexas, de difícil tratamento, ainda são grandes desafios dentro da Medicina Humana e Medicina Veterinária. Os métodos cirúrgicos envolvendo enxertos ósseos podem trazer bons resultados porém, elevam o tempo cirúrgico, além de não estarem livres de complicações. A associação de proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas e outros fatores de crescimento, de maneira sistêmica ou local, pode contribuir sobremaneira para a consolidação de fraturas complexas em menor tempo e com menor incidência de intercorrências.

Bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors / Proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas e outros fatores de crescimento osseo

Complex fractures difficult to treat are still a challenge in Human Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. The surgical procedures involving the grafts may offer satisfactory results, but they increase surgical time and risk, besides the probability of complications. The use of bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors in systemic or local way may contribute to healing fractures, since it reduces healing time and complications.

Fraturas complexas, de difícil tratamento, ainda são grandes desafios dentro da Medicina Humana e Medicina Veterinária. Os métodos cirúrgicos envolvendo enxertos ósseos podem trazer bons resultados porém, elevam o tempo cirúrgico, além de não estarem livres de complicações. A associação de proteínas ósseas morfogenéticas e outros fatores de crescimento, de maneira sistêmica ou local, pode contribuir sobremaneira para a consolidação de fraturas complexas em menor tempo e com menor incidência de intercorrências.

Avaliação da expressão e dos níveis séricos do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) e da densidade de microvasos em cães portadores de sarcomas de tecidos moles submetidos à excisão cirúrgica / Evaluation of the expression and serum level of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and of the microvascular density in dogs with soft tissue sarcoma submitted to surgical excision

No indivíduo adulto, a angiogênese ocorre particularmente em situações patológicas como nos tumores em crescimento, no desenvolvimento de metástases e no processo de cicatrização, sendo o fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) o principal fator envolvido na angiogênese tumoral. Por essa razão, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os níveis circulantes de VEGF no soro de cães com sarcoma de tecidos moles e sua relação com as células sanguineas, comparados com um grupo de animais sem câncer (controle), a expressão do VEGF e a densidade de microvasos nos espécimes tumorais dos cães com sarcoma de tecidos moles. O grupo controle foi composto de 30 cães machos e o grupo de animais com sarcoma de tecidos moles foi de 25 cães (18 machos e 7 fêmeas castradas) os quais foram avaliados prospectivamente. A coleta sangüínea foi realizada apenas uma vez no grupo controle e em três tempos nos animais com sarcoma (pré-operatório, duas semanas e três meses de pós-operatório) da mesma maneira. Após a colheita o sangue foi processado, para extração do soro e determinação dos níveis de VEGF a partir de um método quantitativo ELISA (enzime-linked immunosorbent assay). A expressão do VEGF e a densidade de microvasos foi investigada por meio da prova de imunoistoquiímica utilizando-se anticorpos anti-VEGF e anti-fator VIII respectivemente. Não houve diferença entre o nível sérico de VEGF dos animais controles e portadores de sarcoma de tecidos moles no tempo pré-operatório. O nível de VEGF sérico no pré-operatório mostrou-se discretamente aumentado em relação a duas semanas e três meses de pós-operatório. Houve correlação positiva entre VEGF sérico e contagem neutrófilos e correlação negativa entre o VEGF e quantidade de hemoglobina nos animais com sarcoma. Houve uma tendência dos animais com hemangiopericitoma apresentarem níveis maiores de VEGF sérico em relação aos portadores de tumor maligno da bainha neural periférica. Houve expressão do VEGF em 65% dos casos, sendo o hemangiopericitoma aquele que expressou maior quantidade de VEGF intratumoral. Não houve diferença na densidade de microvasos entre os tumores negativos e positivos ao VEGF. Os resultados encontrados sugerem contribuição das células do sangue circulante para os níveis de VEGF do soro de cães portadores de sarcomas de tecidos moles, células tumorais e outros tipos celulares parecem ser responsáveis pela angiogênese tumoral, mas não contribuem para elevação da concentração sérica desse fator

In adult individual, angiogenesis occurs particularly in pathological situations as tumors growth, development of metastasis and in the wound healing process. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main agent involved in tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the circulating levels of VEGF in the serum of dogs suffering from soft tissue sarcoma and its relation with the blood cells, and also the expression of VEGF and the micro vascular density in tumors specimens. A group of health animals was used as control. The control group and treatment group were composed of 30 male dogs 25 dogs (18 males and 7 castrated females) respectively. The blood collection was carried once in the control group and three times in the animals with sarcoma (timely, pre-surgery, two weeks and three months post-surgery) following the same protocol. The blood was processed and a quantitative method ELISA (enzime-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to determinate of the levels of VEGF. The expression of the VEGF and the microvascular density were investigated by means of the immunohistochemical test using anti-VEGF and anti-factor VIII antibodies respectively. There was no difference between serum level of VEGF of the controls animals and serum level of VEGF in the animal with soft tissue sarcoma in pre-surgical time. Serum level of VEGF in pre-surgical time revealed discrete increased in relation the two weeks and three months of post-surgery. There was a positive correlation between serum VEGF and neutrophils counting and negative correlation between the VEGF and amount of haemoglobin in the animals with sarcoma. The animals with hemangiopericytoma showed a trend to higher levels of VEGF in relation to the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The expression of the VEGF was detected in 65% of the cases; the hemangiopericytoma is the one that expressed greater intratumoral amount of VEGF. There was no difference in the microvascular density between the negative and positive tumors to the VEGF. The results suggest contribution of the circulating blood cells for the levels of serum VEGF of the of the dogs with of soft tissue sarcomas, tumors cells and other cells types seem to be responsible for tumor angiogenesis, but they don\'t contribute for rise serum level of VEGF

Estudo clínico da eficácia da criocirurgia no tratamento de neoplasias de pele e/ou partes moles de cães e gatos / Clinical study of effectiveness of cryosurgery in the treatment of skin and/or soft tissue neoplasia in dogs and cats

Com objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da criocirurgia no tratamento de neoplasias de pele e/ou partes moles de cães e gatos, foram utilizados 40 animais, 27 cães e 13 gatos de raças e idades variadas encaminhados ao Serviço de Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram tratadas 57 lesões utilizando-se o nitrogênio líquido por meio da técnica do spray, destas 17 (29,83%) foram caracterizadas como neoplasia epitelial benigna, 22 (38,60%) neoplasia epitelial maligna, 4 (7,01%) neoplasia mesenquimal benigna, 10 (17,54%) neoplasia mesenquimal maligna, 3 (5,27%) não neoplásicos e 1 (1,75%) não caracterizado. Houve remissão total de 49 (85,96%) lesões em 32 (80%) animais. Diante destes resultados pode-se concluir que a criocirurgia foi eficaz no tratamento de tumores de pele e/ou partes moles de cães e gatos

With the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of cryosurgery in the treatment of skin and soft tissue neoplasias of the dogs and cats it was used 40 animals, 27 dogs and 13 cats of differents ages and breeds referred to the Surgery Service of Small Animals of the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo. Fifty seven lesions were treated with the spray technique using liquid nitrogen. 17 (29,83%) were benign epithelial lesions, 22 (38,60%) malignant epithelial lesions, 4 (7,01%) benign mesenchymal lesions, 10 (17,54%) malignant mesenchymal lesions, 3 (5,27%) not neoplasia, 1 (1,75%) not characterized. There was total remission of the 49 (85,96%) lesions in 32 (80%) animals. It was concluded that the cryosurgery was effective to treat skin and/or soft tissue tumor of the dogs and cats