Resumo
Background: Botulism is a disease caused by the ingestion of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, characterizedby flaccid paralysis, which can lead to high mortality. They have seven types of neurotoxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and,in birds, most cases are attributed to type C. They are considered sources of botulinum toxins where the decomposition oforganic matter occurs, like stagnant water and rotting food. The main feature of the disease in birds is ascending symmetricflaccid paralysis. The present study aims to describe an outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in the state ofSanta Catarina, Southern Brazil.Case: A visit was made to the property with 160 backyard poultry with a history of high mortality in the municipality ofAgrolândia, Santa Catarina. Clinical signs were characterized by paralysis of the pelvic limbs, neck and pendular wings,which progressed to death within 48 h. There was a mortality rate of 37.5% (60/160) between March and May 2019. Thesebirds were kept in an overcrowded environment, with different species (chickens, ducks, teals, and turkeys) fed irregularly.The water supplied was provided from kitchen exhaust, accumulating in puddles on the floor that contained organic matterresidues such as animal feces, food waste and bone fragments. The disposal of the carcasses of birds that died was in thesame enclosure, buried superficially, facilitating the access of other birds to dig them up and consume them. Necropsywas performed on 2 chickens and one duck, no macroscopic or histopathological lesions were observed. Blood, liver, andgastrointestinal content samples were sent for research and identification of botulinum toxin through the serum neutralization test in mice. The presence of type C botulinum toxin was confirmed in the liver chicken of one sampled animals.Discussion: The identification of type C botulism toxin enabled the characterization of the outbreak, which is...
Assuntos
Animais , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Botulismo/veterinária , Clostridium botulinum tipo C/isolamento & purificação , Galinhas/microbiologia , Neurotoxinas , Brasil , Surtos de Doenças/veterináriaResumo
Background: Botulism is a disease caused by the ingestion of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, characterizedby flaccid paralysis, which can lead to high mortality. They have seven types of neurotoxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and,in birds, most cases are attributed to type C. They are considered sources of botulinum toxins where the decomposition oforganic matter occurs, like stagnant water and rotting food. The main feature of the disease in birds is ascending symmetricflaccid paralysis. The present study aims to describe an outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in the state ofSanta Catarina, Southern Brazil.Case: A visit was made to the property with 160 backyard poultry with a history of high mortality in the municipality ofAgrolândia, Santa Catarina. Clinical signs were characterized by paralysis of the pelvic limbs, neck and pendular wings,which progressed to death within 48 h. There was a mortality rate of 37.5% (60/160) between March and May 2019. Thesebirds were kept in an overcrowded environment, with different species (chickens, ducks, teals, and turkeys) fed irregularly.The water supplied was provided from kitchen exhaust, accumulating in puddles on the floor that contained organic matterresidues such as animal feces, food waste and bone fragments. The disposal of the carcasses of birds that died was in thesame enclosure, buried superficially, facilitating the access of other birds to dig them up and consume them. Necropsywas performed on 2 chickens and one duck, no macroscopic or histopathological lesions were observed. Blood, liver, andgastrointestinal content samples were sent for research and identification of botulinum toxin through the serum neutralization test in mice. The presence of type C botulinum toxin was confirmed in the liver chicken of one sampled animals.Discussion: The identification of type C botulism toxin enabled the characterization of the outbreak, which is...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Botulismo/veterinária , Clostridium botulinum tipo C/isolamento & purificação , Neurotoxinas , Galinhas/microbiologia , Brasil , Surtos de Doenças/veterináriaResumo
Fasciolose é uma doença parasitária endêmica em bovinos e proveniente de áreas alagáveis dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Quando detectada na inspeção post mortem, a fasciolose acarreta a condenação de fígados, gerando prejuízos à cadeia produtiva da carne. No período de 2009 a 2014, os abatedouros com Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) da cidade de Pelotas, RS, abateram 21.036 bovinos, identificando-se prevalência média de 25,38% para fasciolose. Foi constatada diferença significativa por sexo com uma OR=2,25 (2,05 < OR < 2,43 e valor de p < 0,001) vezes maior nas fêmeas do que nos machos. Foi demonstrado que animais com idade entre cinco e sete anos possuem maior prevalência fasciolose. O mês de fevereiro foi o de maior prevalência de fasciolose nos fígados inspecionados, consistindo em um fator de risco para a enfermidade. O contrário foi observado nos meses de julho e outubro. As condenações resultantes da infecção hepática atingiram um total de 5363 fígados, acarretando uma perda estimada de U$ 74.754,86, ou US$ 13,94 por animal. Os prejuízos estimados evidenciam a importância do controle da fasciolose em bovinos, na região estudada, justificando tratamentos estratégicos e medidas de controle e profilaxia específicas ao trematódeo.
Fasciolosis is an endemic parasitic disease in cattle and comes from wetlands in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. When detected in postmortem inspection, fasciolosis leads to the condemnation of livers, causing damage to the meat production chain. In the period from 2009 to 2014, slaughterhouses with Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in the city of Pelotas, RS, slaughtered 21,036 cattle, with an average prevalence of 25.38% for fasciolosis. There was a significant difference by sex with an OR = 2.25 (2.05 < OR < 2.43 and p < 0.001) times greater in females than in males. It has been shown that animals aged between five to seven years have a higher prevalence of fasciolosis. February was the month with the highest prevalence of fasciolosis in the inspected livers, consisting of a risk factor for the disease. The opposite was observed in July and October. Condemnation resulting from liver infection reached a total of 5363 livers, resulting in an estimated loss of U$ 74,754.86, or U$ 13.94 per animal. The estimated losses show the importance of controlling fasciolosis in cattle, in the studied region, justifying strategic treatments and, control and prophylaxis measures to the trematode.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/economia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Fasciola hepatica , Inspeção SanitáriaResumo
A hidatidose é uma zoonose parasitária endêmica em bovinos. Quando detectada em inspeção post mortem, leva à condenação de órgãos e carcaças. No período 2009-2014, os matadouros do Serviço Municipal de Inspeção (SIM) da cidade de Pelotas, no Brasil, abateram 21.036 bovinos, identificando uma taxa de prevalência média de 10, 95% para hidatidose. Quanto ao sexo, machos apresentaram Odds Ratio (OR) de 1,12 (1,1 < OR < 1,25 e p < 0,00000)1 vezes mais hidatidose do que fêmeas. Foram condenados 1790 fígados, 14 corações e duas línguas para hidatidose. Foi observada uma diferença significativa por idade na hidatidose, onde em uma faixa de 6 graus de liberdade foi encontrada uma crescente prevalência com a idade, atingindo seu pico na faixa de 5-7 anos de idade. Durante o período do estudo, as condenações de corações, línguas e fígados por hidatidose geraram perdas de US $ 25.016,75 e US $ 10,82 por animal. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que a hidatidose é endêmica entre os bovinos submetidos ao SIM, oriundos de Pelotas e municípios próximos. Os esforços para controlar a hidatidose devem ser continuados devido ao alto risco que representa para a saúde pública.
Hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonosis endemic in cattle. When detected in post-mortem inspection, it leads to the condemnation of organs and carcasses. In the period of 2009-2014, slaughterhouses of the Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, slaughtered 21.036 cattle, identifying an average prevalence rate of 10, 95% for hydatidosis. Regarding sex, males had an odd ratio (OR) of 1.12 (1.1 < OR < 1.25 and p < 0,000001) times more than in females. A total of 1790 livers, 14 hearts and two tongues were condemned with hydatidosis. A significant difference by age was observed in hydatidosis where in a range of 6 degrees of freedom an increasing prevalence with age, reaching its peak at 5-7 years of age. During the study period, hearts, tongues and livers condemned with hydatidosis generated losses of US$ 25,016.75 and US$ 10.82 per animal. The results obtained allow us to state that hydatidosis zoonosis is endemic in cattle from Pelotas and nearby municipalities. Efforts to control hydatidosis must be continued due to the high risk it represents for public health.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Equinococose/veterinária , Inspeção Sanitária , ZoonosesResumo
Fasciolose é uma doença parasitária endêmica em bovinos e proveniente de áreas alagáveis dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Quando detectada na inspeção post mortem, a fasciolose acarreta a condenação de fígados, gerando prejuízos à cadeia produtiva da carne. No período de 2009 a 2014, os abatedouros com Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) da cidade de Pelotas, RS, abateram 21.036 bovinos, identificando-se prevalência média de 25,38% para fasciolose. Foi constatada diferença significativa por sexo com uma OR=2,25 (2,05 < OR < 2,43 e valor de p < 0,001) vezes maior nas fêmeas do que nos machos. Foi demonstrado que animais com idade entre cinco e sete anos possuem maior prevalência fasciolose. O mês de fevereiro foi o de maior prevalência de fasciolose nos fígados inspecionados, consistindo em um fator de risco para a enfermidade. O contrário foi observado nos meses de julho e outubro. As condenações resultantes da infecção hepática atingiram um total de 5363 fígados, acarretando uma perda estimada de U$ 74.754,86, ou US$ 13,94 por animal. Os prejuízos estimados evidenciam a importância do controle da fasciolose em bovinos, na região estudada, justificando tratamentos estratégicos e medidas de controle e profilaxia específicas ao trematódeo.(AU)
Fasciolosis is an endemic parasitic disease in cattle and comes from wetlands in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. When detected in postmortem inspection, fasciolosis leads to the condemnation of livers, causing damage to the meat production chain. In the period from 2009 to 2014, slaughterhouses with Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in the city of Pelotas, RS, slaughtered 21,036 cattle, with an average prevalence of 25.38% for fasciolosis. There was a significant difference by sex with an OR = 2.25 (2.05 < OR < 2.43 and p < 0.001) times greater in females than in males. It has been shown that animals aged between five to seven years have a higher prevalence of fasciolosis. February was the month with the highest prevalence of fasciolosis in the inspected livers, consisting of a risk factor for the disease. The opposite was observed in July and October. Condemnation resulting from liver infection reached a total of 5363 livers, resulting in an estimated loss of U$ 74,754.86, or U$ 13.94 per animal. The estimated losses show the importance of controlling fasciolosis in cattle, in the studied region, justifying strategic treatments and, control and prophylaxis measures to the trematode.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Fasciola hepatica , Doenças dos Bovinos/economia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Inspeção SanitáriaResumo
A hidatidose é uma zoonose parasitária endêmica em bovinos. Quando detectada em inspeção post mortem, leva à condenação de órgãos e carcaças. No período 2009-2014, os matadouros do Serviço Municipal de Inspeção (SIM) da cidade de Pelotas, no Brasil, abateram 21.036 bovinos, identificando uma taxa de prevalência média de 10, 95% para hidatidose. Quanto ao sexo, machos apresentaram Odds Ratio (OR) de 1,12 (1,1 < OR < 1,25 e p < 0,00000)1 vezes mais hidatidose do que fêmeas. Foram condenados 1790 fígados, 14 corações e duas línguas para hidatidose. Foi observada uma diferença significativa por idade na hidatidose, onde em uma faixa de 6 graus de liberdade foi encontrada uma crescente prevalência com a idade, atingindo seu pico na faixa de 5-7 anos de idade. Durante o período do estudo, as condenações de corações, línguas e fígados por hidatidose geraram perdas de US $ 25.016,75 e US $ 10,82 por animal. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que a hidatidose é endêmica entre os bovinos submetidos ao SIM, oriundos de Pelotas e municípios próximos. Os esforços para controlar a hidatidose devem ser continuados devido ao alto risco que representa para a saúde pública.(AU)
Hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonosis endemic in cattle. When detected in post-mortem inspection, it leads to the condemnation of organs and carcasses. In the period of 2009-2014, slaughterhouses of the Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, slaughtered 21.036 cattle, identifying an average prevalence rate of 10, 95% for hydatidosis. Regarding sex, males had an odd ratio (OR) of 1.12 (1.1 < OR < 1.25 and p < 0,000001) times more than in females. A total of 1790 livers, 14 hearts and two tongues were condemned with hydatidosis. A significant difference by age was observed in hydatidosis where in a range of 6 degrees of freedom an increasing prevalence with age, reaching its peak at 5-7 years of age. During the study period, hearts, tongues and livers condemned with hydatidosis generated losses of US$ 25,016.75 and US$ 10.82 per animal. The results obtained allow us to state that hydatidosis zoonosis is endemic in cattle from Pelotas and nearby municipalities. Efforts to control hydatidosis must be continued due to the high risk it represents for public health.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Equinococose/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Inspeção Sanitária , ZoonosesResumo
Background: Brachiaria spp. is the main pasture for ruminant productions in Brazil, but the limiting factor for its use is the toxicity due to the presence of steroidal saponins. Chronic ingestion of Brachiaria spp. by cattle may cause liver changes such as fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and clusters of foamy macrophages in the hepatic parenchyma. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the most frequent histological changes and their frequencies in livers collected in abattoirs in Brazil from beef cattle raised exclusively on Brachiaria spp. and compare them with those observed in animals kept in Andropogon spp. grass and native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: Liver samples without macroscopic changes were collected in abattoirs from 561 healthy Nelore and Nelore crossbred cattle raised in Brachiaria spp. pastures from Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG) and Pará (PA) States. Liver samples from 84 Angus cattle (Bos taurus) kept on native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and from 60 Nelore and Nelore crossbreed cattle raised in Andropogon spp. pastures in Tocantins State (TO) were collected as control. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histopathological changes were proceeded: (-) = no change; (+) = slight or discreet change; (++) = moderate change and (+++) = marked change. The main histopathological [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Andropogon/toxicidade , Brachiaria/toxicidade , Células de Kupffer/patologia , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/veterinária , Hepatopatias/veterináriaResumo
Background: Brachiaria spp. is the main pasture for ruminant productions in Brazil, but the limiting factor for its use is the toxicity due to the presence of steroidal saponins. Chronic ingestion of Brachiaria spp. by cattle may cause liver changes such as fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and clusters of foamy macrophages in the hepatic parenchyma. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the most frequent histological changes and their frequencies in livers collected in abattoirs in Brazil from beef cattle raised exclusively on Brachiaria spp. and compare them with those observed in animals kept in Andropogon spp. grass and native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul.Materials, Methods & Results: Liver samples without macroscopic changes were collected in abattoirs from 561 healthy Nelore and Nelore crossbred cattle raised in Brachiaria spp. pastures from Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG) and Pará (PA) States. Liver samples from 84 Angus cattle (Bos taurus) kept on native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and from 60 Nelore and Nelore crossbreed cattle raised in Andropogon spp. pastures in Tocantins State (TO) were collected as control. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histopathological changes were proceeded: (-) = no change; (+) = slight or discreet change; (++) = moderate change and (+++) = marked change. The main histopathological [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/patologia , Brachiaria/toxicidade , Andropogon/toxicidade , Células de Kupffer/patologia , Hepatopatias/veterinária , Cirrose Hepática/veterináriaResumo
Scrapie is a contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by prions (PrPSc). This study described an outbreak of Scrapie in sheep in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. An 1-year and 3-month-old sheep developed clinical signs characterized by motor incoordination of the pelvic limbs, pruritus and alopecia for three days. The 38 sheep from the flock that were over 1 year of age underwent biopsies of the third eyelid and rectal mucosa, in addition to anti-PrPsc immunohistochemistry (IHC). Blood containing EDTA was collected for PRNP gene genotyping from these sheep. Of the 38, 16 (42.10%) had immunostaining againstPrPSc. IHC-positive animals were euthanized and necropsied, as well as lambs from positive mothers. Different organs of the 19 necropsied animals were collected in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and anti-PrPSc IHC of the obex. The histopathology of the obex of the female with neurological signs presented discrete multifocal vacuolization of the cytoplasm of neurons and neuropil. The anti-PrPSc IHC showed that two out of the 19 obex samples had cytoplasmic immunostaining in neurons. The genotypes reported were ARQ/ARQ in 47.36%, ARR/ARQ in 36.84%, ARQ/VRQ in 10.52% and ARQ/VRR in 5.28%. The genotyping helps to identify susceptible animals and select animals more resistant to the development of Scrapie. The anti-PrPSc IHC from lymphoid biopsies, and genotyping demonstrated the high number of positive sheep classified in susceptible group.
Scrapie é uma doença contagiosa de ovinos e caprinos causada por príons (PrPSc). O objetivo desse estudo é descrever um surto de Scrapie em ovinos no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Uma ovelha de 1 ano e 3 meses desenvolveu sinais clínicos caracterizados por incoordenação motora dos membros pélvicos, prurido e alopecia durante três dias. Os 38 ovinos do rebanho que tinham idade acima de 1 ano foram submetidos a biópsias de terceira pálpebra e mucosa retal, além de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-PrPsc. Coletou-se sangue contendo EDTA para genotipagem do gene prnp destes ovinos. Dos 38 ovinos, 16 (42,10%) apresentaram imunomarcação na avaliação IHQ anti-PrPsc. Os animais positivos na IHQ foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, bem como os cordeiros das mães positivas. Diferentes órgãos dos 19 animais necropsiados foram coletados em formalina tamponada a 10% para exame histopatológico e IHQ anti-PrPsc do óbex. Na histopatologia do óbex da fêmea com sinal neurológico havia vacuolização do citoplasma de neurônios e neurópilo multifocal discreta. Na IHQ anti-PrPsc das 19 amostras de óbex, dois apresentaram imunomarcação citoplasmática em neurônios. Os genótipos encontrados foram ARQ/ARQ em 47,36%, ARR/ARQ em 36,84%, ARQ/VRQ em 10,52% e ARQ/VRR em 5,28%. A genotipagem auxilia a identificar os animais susceptíveis e seleciona animais mais resistentes ao desenvolvimento do Scrapie. A IHQ anti-PrPsc de biópsias de tecidos linfoides e a genotipagem demonstram o elevado número de ovinos positivos classificados no grupo susceptível.