Infiltrative lipoma causing lumbar nerve root compression in a dog

Background: Lipomas are benign soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms composed of adipose cells and are usually foundin the subcutaneous tissue. Occasionally, lipomas may invade muscles or grow between them, in which case they arecharacterized as infiltrative lipomas. Clinical signs resulting from an intermuscular lipoma compressing peripheral nervesare rarely encountered in dogs. This case report aims to describe the neurological signs, diagnosis, and clinical evaluationof a dog diagnosed with infiltrative lipoma compressing a lumbar spinal nerve root.Case: A 12-year-old neutered male Fox Paulistinha, weighing 10.5 kg, was presented with difficulties in walking for thepast 15 days with no previous history of trauma. On physical examination, the presence of three cutaneous nodules wasnoted in the ventral thoracic region, with onset of one year and slow and progressive growth. A cytological evaluation ofthe nodules was performed, and lipoma was diagnosed. At the neurological examination, the patient presented ambulatoryparaparesis with marked motor deficit and atrophy of the quadriceps muscles of the left pelvic limb. Conscious proprioceptive deficit, the absence of patellar reflex, and diminished withdrawal reflex were observed in the left hind limb, in additionto diffuse pain on epaxial palpation of the lumbar region. Electroneuromyography showed increased insertion activity inthe left gastrocnemius muscle and moderate spontaneous activity (fibrillation). Persistence of 10% was observed in theF-wave study of the left tibial nerve. These findings indicate partial involvement of the roots of the left sciatic-tibial nerve.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the presence of a mass measuring 3.18 × 1.04 × 1.4 cm, interspersed withthe paravertebral muscles, and located adjacent to the L2 and L3 spinous processes...

Infiltrative lipoma causing lumbar nerve root compression in a dog

Background: Lipomas are benign soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasms composed of adipose cells and are usually foundin the subcutaneous tissue. Occasionally, lipomas may invade muscles or grow between them, in which case they arecharacterized as infiltrative lipomas. Clinical signs resulting from an intermuscular lipoma compressing peripheral nervesare rarely encountered in dogs. This case report aims to describe the neurological signs, diagnosis, and clinical evaluationof a dog diagnosed with infiltrative lipoma compressing a lumbar spinal nerve root.Case: A 12-year-old neutered male Fox Paulistinha, weighing 10.5 kg, was presented with difficulties in walking for thepast 15 days with no previous history of trauma. On physical examination, the presence of three cutaneous nodules wasnoted in the ventral thoracic region, with onset of one year and slow and progressive growth. A cytological evaluation ofthe nodules was performed, and lipoma was diagnosed. At the neurological examination, the patient presented ambulatoryparaparesis with marked motor deficit and atrophy of the quadriceps muscles of the left pelvic limb. Conscious proprioceptive deficit, the absence of patellar reflex, and diminished withdrawal reflex were observed in the left hind limb, in additionto diffuse pain on epaxial palpation of the lumbar region. Electroneuromyography showed increased insertion activity inthe left gastrocnemius muscle and moderate spontaneous activity (fibrillation). Persistence of 10% was observed in theF-wave study of the left tibial nerve. These findings indicate partial involvement of the roots of the left sciatic-tibial nerve.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the presence of a mass measuring 3.18 × 1.04 × 1.4 cm, interspersed withthe paravertebral muscles, and located adjacent to the L2 and L3 spinous processes...(AU)

Sciatic nerve injection palsy in a dog: electrodiagnostic testing and microsurgical treatment

Background: Iatrogenic damage to the ischiatic nerve is considered uncommon and may cause dysfunction with variable clinical signs dependent on type and severity of injury. Due to important role of this nerve in locomotion and weightbearing limb, a poor prognosis for recovery may be observed in many cases. Electromyography analysis may suggest the neuroanatomic localization, diagnosis information, and severity of lesion to determine better therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this report is to describe the possible cause, diagnosis and treatment of a postinjection ischiatic nerve injury in a dog with complete recovery.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male dachshund dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital due to inability to weight support in the right hind limb after diminazene diaceturate intramuscular injection. The gait evaluation showed dropped-hock and knuckling into the digits of the right hind limb and neurologic examination revealed moderate muscle atrophy below to femorotibial joint of the right hind limb with sensory analgesia (superficial and deep) on the lateral, dorsal, and plantar surfaces, absent patellar reflex, and proprioceptive deficit. Electrophysiologic testing was done under general anesthesia in a 2-channel Nicolet Compass Meridian apparatus. Absence of compound muscle action potentials after right fibular and tibial nerve stimulations, and abnormal spontaneous activity in cranial tibial, gastrocnemius and deep digital extensor muscles were observed. A diagnosis of moderate/severe axonotmesis of sciatic nerve was achieved. Under microscope magnification, all adherent adjacent tissue and epineural sheat were removed. Due this, a small epineural window was created. On neurological examination performed 30 days after surgery, complete recovery of sensitivity of the right hind limb, and normal proprioception were observed. The muscle atrophy was also noted to have improved.[...]

Sciatic nerve injection palsy in a dog: electrodiagnostic testing and microsurgical treatment

Background: Iatrogenic damage to the ischiatic nerve is considered uncommon and may cause dysfunction with variable clinical signs dependent on type and severity of injury. Due to important role of this nerve in locomotion and weightbearing limb, a poor prognosis for recovery may be observed in many cases. Electromyography analysis may suggest the neuroanatomic localization, diagnosis information, and severity of lesion to determine better therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this report is to describe the possible cause, diagnosis and treatment of a postinjection ischiatic nerve injury in a dog with complete recovery.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male dachshund dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital due to inability to weight support in the right hind limb after diminazene diaceturate intramuscular injection. The gait evaluation showed dropped-hock and knuckling into the digits of the right hind limb and neurologic examination revealed moderate muscle atrophy below to femorotibial joint of the right hind limb with sensory analgesia (superficial and deep) on the lateral, dorsal, and plantar surfaces, absent patellar reflex, and proprioceptive deficit. Electrophysiologic testing was done under general anesthesia in a 2-channel Nicolet Compass Meridian apparatus. Absence of compound muscle action potentials after right fibular and tibial nerve stimulations, and abnormal spontaneous activity in cranial tibial, gastrocnemius and deep digital extensor muscles were observed. A diagnosis of moderate/severe axonotmesis of sciatic nerve was achieved. Under microscope magnification, all adherent adjacent tissue and epineural sheat were removed. Due this, a small epineural window was created. On neurological examination performed 30 days after surgery, complete recovery of sensitivity of the right hind limb, and normal proprioception were observed. The muscle atrophy was also noted to have improved.[...](AU)

Acute Lung Injury Syndrome (TRALI) in a dog possibly triggered by blood transfusion

Background: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are clinical syndromes, differing in severity, characterized by bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, usually associated with an underlying cause. Diagnosis is given by thoracic radiography and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio <300. The possible Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) occurs when ALI or ARDS signs (i.e. hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates) are found in patients without preexisting ALI that have received transfusion in the last 72 h. This case report describes a case of a canine patient that developed possible TRALI after a forelimb amputation and a whole blood transfusion.Case: A 10-year-old female dog, with necrotic and infected bite injuries on left forelimb was initially treated conservatively with topical and systemics antibiotics. Eventually, a forelimb amputation was required, due to the soft tissue necrosis. Pre-operative complete blood count, serum biochemistry and venous blood gas analysis showed mild changes, including anemia, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, and increases in blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase. The patient was stable before surgery but required a post-operative whole blood transfusion to treat severe anemia. A crossmatch test was performed to reduce the possibility of transfusion reaction. Despite both surgery and hemotherapy went as expected, approximately eight hours after the transfusion, the patient developed deterioration of all vital signs, including hypotension and severe hypoxemia, with PaO2 /FiO2 <126 and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90% on room air. Thoracic radiographies showed mixed pattern of bilateral pulmonary infiltration. The patients condition worsened with signs of respiratory failure, cyanosis and severe hemodynamic impairment. There was no improvement after administration of furosemide, hydrocortisone, vasoactives, supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation.[...](AU)

Acute Lung Injury Syndrome (TRALI) in a dog possibly triggered by blood transfusion

Background: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are clinical syndromes, differing in severity, characterized by bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, usually associated with an underlying cause. Diagnosis is given by thoracic radiography and PaO2 /FiO2 ratio <300. The possible Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) occurs when ALI or ARDS signs (i.e. hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates) are found in patients without preexisting ALI that have received transfusion in the last 72 h. This case report describes a case of a canine patient that developed possible TRALI after a forelimb amputation and a whole blood transfusion.Case: A 10-year-old female dog, with necrotic and infected bite injuries on left forelimb was initially treated conservatively with topical and systemics antibiotics. Eventually, a forelimb amputation was required, due to the soft tissue necrosis. Pre-operative complete blood count, serum biochemistry and venous blood gas analysis showed mild changes, including anemia, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, and increases in blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase. The patient was stable before surgery but required a post-operative whole blood transfusion to treat severe anemia. A crossmatch test was performed to reduce the possibility of transfusion reaction. Despite both surgery and hemotherapy went as expected, approximately eight hours after the transfusion, the patient developed deterioration of all vital signs, including hypotension and severe hypoxemia, with PaO2 /FiO2 <126 and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90% on room air. Thoracic radiographies showed mixed pattern of bilateral pulmonary infiltration. The patient’s condition worsened with signs of respiratory failure, cyanosis and severe hemodynamic impairment. There was no improvement after administration of furosemide, hydrocortisone, vasoactives, supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation.[...]

Primary surgical repair of prostatic urethral rupture following multiple pelvic fracture in a dog

Abdominal urethral rupture commonly occurs in male dogs after traumatic pelvic fractures and can lead to uroperitoneum, causing peritonitis and azotemia. The primary complications of urethral damage include strictures, incontinence and innervation injury. Here, we describe a case report of prostatic urethral rupture, treated by primary suture repair, that yielded early healing and recovery in a ten-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog who visited our facility within 24 hours of being struck by a car. Positive contrast urethrocystography resulted in leakage of the contrast medium into the abdominal cavity in a point caudal to the urinary bladder. Additional radiography revealed multiple pelvic fractures. During surgery, we found a laceration of the right prostatic lobe causing urethral rupture. We performed a full thickness simple continue suture with 7-0 polyglactin 910 to reestablish urethral continuity. The prostate capsule was also sutured in a simple continue pattern. A previously placed indwelling urinary catheter was kept inside to divert urine flow. On the third postoperative day, the animal withdrew the urinary catheter and started to urinate by himself. The conservative treatment of pelvic fractures enabled complete return to function on the 55th day. One hundred and fifty days after the trauma, no evidence of urinary stricture or another clinical sign was observed. Urethral wounds can be treated surgically by primary suturing and urinary diversion. A short healing time was experienced, and the indwelling urinary catheter was removed three days after surgery since there was no more urine leakage and the animal began voiding normally.

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...

Primary surgical repair of prostatic urethral rupture following multiple pelvic fracture in a dog

Abdominal urethral rupture commonly occurs in male dogs after traumatic pelvic fractures and can lead to uroperitoneum, causing peritonitis and azotemia. The primary complications of urethral damage include strictures, incontinence and innervation injury. Here, we describe a case report of prostatic urethral rupture, treated by primary suture repair, that yielded early healing and recovery in a ten-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog who visited our facility within 24 hours of being struck by a car. Positive contrast urethrocystography resulted in leakage of the contrast medium into the abdominal cavity in a point caudal to the urinary bladder. Additional radiography revealed multiple pelvic fractures. During surgery, we found a laceration of the right prostatic lobe causing urethral rupture. We performed a full thickness simple continue suture with 7-0 polyglactin 910 to reestablish urethral continuity. The prostate capsule was also sutured in a simple continue pattern. A previously placed indwelling urinary catheter was kept inside to divert urine flow. On the third postoperative day, the animal withdrew the urinary catheter and started to urinate by himself. The conservative treatment of pelvic fractures enabled complete return to function on the 55th day. One hundred and fifty days after the trauma, no evidence of urinary stricture or another clinical sign was observed. Urethral wounds can be treated surgically by primary suturing and urinary diversion. A short healing time was experienced, and the indwelling urinary catheter was removed three days after surgery since there was no more urine leakage and the animal began voiding normally.(AU)

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...(AU)

Traumatic spinal cord injury with Schiff-Sherrington posture and spontaneous resolution in a dog: MRI evaluation / Trauma medular com postura de schiff-sherrington e resolução espontânea em um cão: avaliação com ressonância magnética

The Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon is an extensor hypertonicity of the forelimbs that occurs when there is a severe injury in the thoracolumbar segment. A 4-years-old, intact female, mixed breed dog, presented with vehicle trauma history followed by non-ambulatory paraparesis, extensor rigidity of forelimb and allodynia pain sensation. Superficial pain sensation was decreased. The treatment was based on unique dose of dexamethasone followed by oral administration of meloxicam, tramadol hydrochloride, dypirone, omeprazole and, poly vitamin complex. Low field magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed hyperintensity signal between T12 and T13 on T2-wheighting image compatible with neuronal edema. In the day after, allodynia and extensor rigidity presented spontaneously resolution. At 10th day, return to voluntary ambulation without assistance. Schiff-Sherrington posture is usually associated with poor prognosis and grade V traumatic injury of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. We report a grade III traumatic spinal cord injury confirmed with MRI as only neuronal edema causing the posture. The Schiff-Sherrington posture often resolves spontaneously in 10-14 days, but neurological signs of trauma can persist. The conservative treatment proposed was efficient, promoting forelimb recovery on the day after and total recovery of motor function in 10 days.

O fenômeno Schiff-Sherrington é a hipertonicidade extensores dos membros torácicos que ocorre quando há lesão severa do seguimento de medula espinhal toracolombar. Uma canina, fêmea, sem raça definida de 4 anos de idade foi apresentada após trauma por automóvel seguido de paraparesia não ambulatória, rigidez extensora dos membros torácicos e sensação dolorosa classificada como alodinia. A dor superficial estava diminuída. O tratamento se baseou na administração única de dexametasona seguida da prescrição de meloxicam, cloridrato de tramadol, dipirona, omeprazol e complexos vitamínicos. A ressonância magnética de baixo campo demonstrou hiperintesidade de sinal entre T12 e T13 nas sequencias ponderadas em T2, o que é compatível com edema neuronal. No dia seguinte, alodinia e a rigidez extensora apresentaram resolução espontânea. No 10º dia, houve retorno a deambulação voluntária sem assistência. A postura de Schiff-Sherington está geralmente associada a prognóstico ruim e lesões traumáticas grau V da medula espinhal toracolombar. Relata-se uma lesão medular traumática grau III confirmada por ressonância magnética somente como edema neuronal levando à posição. A postura de Schiff-Sherrington frequentemente se resolve espontaneamente em 10- 14 dias, mas sinais neurológicos podem persistir. O tratamento conservativo proposto foi eficiente, promovendo recuperação dos membros torácicos no dia seguinte e a recuperação total da função motora em 10 dias.

Traumatic spinal cord injury with Schiff-Sherrington posture and spontaneous resolution in a dog: MRI evaluation / Trauma medular com postura de schiff-sherrington e resolução espontânea em um cão: avaliação com ressonância magnética

The Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon is an extensor hypertonicity of the forelimbs that occurs when there is a severe injury in the thoracolumbar segment. A 4-years-old, intact female, mixed breed dog, presented with vehicle trauma history followed by non-ambulatory paraparesis, extensor rigidity of forelimb and allodynia pain sensation. Superficial pain sensation was decreased. The treatment was based on unique dose of dexamethasone followed by oral administration of meloxicam, tramadol hydrochloride, dypirone, omeprazole and, poly vitamin complex. Low field magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed hyperintensity signal between T12 and T13 on T2-wheighting image compatible with neuronal edema. In the day after, allodynia and extensor rigidity presented spontaneously resolution. At 10th day, return to voluntary ambulation without assistance. Schiff-Sherrington posture is usually associated with poor prognosis and grade V traumatic injury of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. We report a grade III traumatic spinal cord injury confirmed with MRI as only neuronal edema causing the posture. The Schiff-Sherrington posture often resolves spontaneously in 10-14 days, but neurological signs of trauma can persist. The conservative treatment proposed was efficient, promoting forelimb recovery on the day after and total recovery of motor function in 10 days.(AU)

O fenômeno Schiff-Sherrington é a hipertonicidade extensores dos membros torácicos que ocorre quando há lesão severa do seguimento de medula espinhal toracolombar. Uma canina, fêmea, sem raça definida de 4 anos de idade foi apresentada após trauma por automóvel seguido de paraparesia não ambulatória, rigidez extensora dos membros torácicos e sensação dolorosa classificada como alodinia. A dor superficial estava diminuída. O tratamento se baseou na administração única de dexametasona seguida da prescrição de meloxicam, cloridrato de tramadol, dipirona, omeprazol e complexos vitamínicos. A ressonância magnética de baixo campo demonstrou hiperintesidade de sinal entre T12 e T13 nas sequencias ponderadas em T2, o que é compatível com edema neuronal. No dia seguinte, alodinia e a rigidez extensora apresentaram resolução espontânea. No 10º dia, houve retorno a deambulação voluntária sem assistência. A postura de Schiff-Sherington está geralmente associada a prognóstico ruim e lesões traumáticas grau V da medula espinhal toracolombar. Relata-se uma lesão medular traumática grau III confirmada por ressonância magnética somente como edema neuronal levando à posição. A postura de Schiff-Sherrington frequentemente se resolve espontaneamente em 10- 14 dias, mas sinais neurológicos podem persistir. O tratamento conservativo proposto foi eficiente, promovendo recuperação dos membros torácicos no dia seguinte e a recuperação total da função motora em 10 dias.(AU)

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on movement and urination of rats with spinal cord injury / Efeitos da aplicação das células-tronco mesenquimais sobre a locomoção e micção de ratos submetidos à lesão medular

Cell therapy has frequently been reported as a possible treatment for spinal trauma in humans and animals; however, without pharmacologically curative action on damage from the primary lesion. In this study, we evaluated the effect of administering human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) in rats after spinal cord injury. The hADSC were used between the third and fifth passages and a proportionof cells were transduced for screening in vivo after transplantation. Spinal cord injury was inducedwith a Fogarty catheter no. 3 inserted into the epidural space with a cuff located at T8 and filled with 80-μL saline for 5 min. The control group A (n = 12) received culture medium (50 μL) and group B (n = 12) received hADSC (1.2 × 106) at 7 and 14 days post-injury, in the tail vein. Emptying of thebladder by massage was performed daily for 3 months. Evaluation of functional motor activity was performed daily until 3 months post-injury using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and histological analysis of the urinary bladder and spinal cord was performed. Bioluminescence analysis revealed hADSC at the application site and lungs. There was improvement of urinary bladder function in 83.3% animals in group B and 16.66% animals in group A. The analysis of functional motor activity and histology of the spinal cord and urinary bladder demonstrated nosignificant difference between groups A and B. The results indicate that transplanted hADSC improved urinary function via a telecrine mechanism, namely action at a distance.(AU)

A terapia celular tem sido reportada como possibilidade de tratamento para os traumas medulares, frequentes em pessoas e em animais, e que não apresentam cura farmacológica para danos advindos da lesão primária. Foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação de células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo humano (hADSC) em ratos Wistar após lesão medular. As hADSC foram cultivadas, utilizadas entre aterceira e quinta passagens e parte delas foi transduzida para o rastreamento in vivo após o transplante. A lesão medular foi realizada com cateter de Fogarty nº. 3, introduzido no espaço epidural, com cuff localizado em T8 e preenchido com 80 μL de solução salina, por 5 minutos. Os animais do grupocontrole (A, n=12) receberam aplicações de meio de cultura (50 μL) e o grupo B (n=12) recebeu duas aplicações de hADSC (1,2 x 106), sete e 14 dias pós-lesão, ambas na veia da cauda. O esvaziamento vesical, por massagem, foi efetuado diariamente, durante três meses. As avaliações motoras foramrepetidas, diariamente, até três meses pós-lesão, utilizando a escala Basso-Beattie-Bresneham. Após este período os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e foram realizadas análises histológicas de bexigaurinária e medula espinhal. As análises de bioluminescência revelaram hADSC no local da aplicação e nos pulmões. Houve melhora da função da bexiga urinária em 83,3% dos animais do grupo B e 16,66% dos animais do grupo A. A análise das avaliações motoras e histológicas das medulas espinhais e bexigas urinárias não demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos A e B. Os resultados indicam que as hADSC transplantadas influenciaram a micção, de forma benéfica, por um mecanismo de açãoà distância, telécrino.(AU)

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo / Aortic and carotid body paraganglioma / Paraganglioma de cuerpo aórtico y carótida

Os paragangliomas são neoplasias de células neuroendócrinas (Paraneurônios) do sistema parassimpático (Paraganglia), e ocorrem normalmente no corpo aórtico (base do coração) e carotídeo (pescoço). São tumores raros, frequentemente benignos, que podem raramente metastatizar. Raças braquiocefálicas e animais que vivem em elevadas altitudes são mais predispostos ao desenvolvimento de paragangliomas. Esta revisão bibliográfica objetiva-se descrever as manifestações clínicas, etiopatogenia, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento dos paragangliomas.(AU)

The paraganglioms are neoplasms of neuroendocrine cells (Paraneurons) of the parasympathetic system (Paraganglia). Normally occur on the aortic (base of heart) and carotid (neck) bodies. They are rare tumors, frequently beginners and its rarely able to metastasize. Braquicephalics breeds and animals that live in high altitudes are more predisposed to developing paraganglioms. This bibliographic review describes clinical manifestation, etiopathogeny and types of diagnosis and treatment of the paraganglioms.(AU)

Los paragangliomas son neoplasias de las células neuroendocrinas (Paraneuronas) del sistema parasimpático (Paraganglios) y ocurren normalmente en el cuerpo aórtico (base del corazón) y carótida (cuello). Son tumores raros, frecuentemente benignos, que pueden raramente ocurrir metástasis. Razas braquiocefálicas y animales que viven en altas altitudes son más predispuestos al desenvolvimiento de paragangliomas. Esta revisión bibliográfica describe las manifestaciones clínicas, etiopatogenia, método de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los paragangliomas.(AU)

Efeitos sedativo e cardiorrespiratório da administração da metadona, isoladamente ou em associação à acepromazina ou xilazina, em gatos / Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of methadone, alone or in combination with acepromazine or xylazine, in cats

Seis felinos com peso médio de 3,3±0,3 kg foram aleatoriamente submetidos a 6 tratamentos, com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana. Os animais receberam a administração intramuscular de solução fisiológica (controle), metadona (0,3 mg/kg), acepromazina (0,1 mg/kg), xilazina (1,0 mg/kg), acepromazina (0,05 mg/kg) + metadona (0,3 mg/kg) ou xilazina (0,5 mg/kg) + metadona (0,3 mg/kg). As freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), a temperatura retal, o grau de sedação e o reflexo interdigital foram avaliados antes (basal) e após a administração dos tratamentos em intervalos específicos por 90 minutos. Nos animais tratados com xilazina ou xilazina/metadona, houve diminuição em FR, FC e na temperatura retal. Nos mesmos tratamentos, 1/6 e 2/6 animais não apresentaram reflexo interdigital em pelo menos um dos momentos avaliados. Nos animais que receberam a administração de 0,1 mg/kg de acepromazina, houve diminuição em PAS. Os escores de sedação foram mais elevados nos animais que receberam a administração de xilazina ou xilazina associada à metadona. A administração da metadona isolada ou associada à acepromazina resultou em sedação considerada insatisfatória e sinais de excitação em alguns animais. O uso da metadona isolado ou em associação à acepromazina foi considerado ineficaz quando se objetiva sedação moderada à intensa. A associação da metadona à xilazina produz sedação moderada à intensa, sendo esse efeito semelhante àquele observado após a administração da xilazina isoladamente em dose mais elevada.(AU)

Six cats weighting 3.3±0.3 kg were randomly allocated to 6 treatments, with at least one-week intervals. The cats received intramuscular administration of physiological saline (control), methadone (0.3 mg/kg), acepromazine (0,1 mg/kg), xylazine (1.0 mg/kg), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) plus methadone (0.3 mg/kg) or xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) plus methadone (0.3 mg/kg). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), indirect systolic arterial pressure (SAP), rectal temperature, sedation score and pedal withdrawal reflex were evaluated before (baseline) and at selected intervals after treatment administration for 90 minutes. Respiratory rate, HR and rectal temperature decreased in cats given xylazine or xylazine plus methadone. In 1 out of 6 cats given xylazine and 2 out of 6 cats given xylazine/methadone, pedal withdrawal reflex was absent. In cats given 0.1 mg/kg of acepromazine, SAP decreased compared to baseline. Sedation scores were greater in cats given xylazine or xylazine plus methadone. Methadone alone or in combination with acepromazine did not produce a satisfactory degree of sedation and resulted in signs of excitement in some of the cats. Methadone alone or combination with acepromazine was not considered an effective protocol when moderate to deep sedation is required in cats. Methadone in combination with xylazine produces moderate to deep sedation, being this effect comparable to that achieved with a higher dose of xylazine alone.(AU)

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on movement and urination of rats with spinal cord injury / Efeitos da aplicação das células-tronco mesenquimais sobre a locomoção e micção de ratos submetidos à lesão medular

Cell therapy has frequently been reported as a possible treatment for spinal trauma in humans and animals; however, without pharmacologically curative action on damage from the primary lesion. In this study, we evaluated the effect of administering human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) in rats after spinal cord injury. The hADSC were used between the third and fifth passages and a proportionof cells were transduced for screening in vivo after transplantation. Spinal cord injury was inducedwith a Fogarty catheter no. 3 inserted into the epidural space with a cuff located at T8 and filled with 80-μL saline for 5 min. The control group A (n = 12) received culture medium (50 μL) and group B (n = 12) received hADSC (1.2 × 106) at 7 and 14 days post-injury, in the tail vein. Emptying of thebladder by massage was performed daily for 3 months. Evaluation of functional motor activity was performed daily until 3 months post-injury using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and histological analysis of the urinary bladder and spinal cord was performed. Bioluminescence analysis revealed hADSC at the application site and lungs. There was improvement of urinary bladder function in 83.3% animals in group B and 16.66% animals in group A. The analysis of functional motor activity and histology of the spinal cord and urinary bladder demonstrated nosignificant difference between groups A and B. The results indicate that transplanted hADSC improved urinary function via a telecrine mechanism, namely action at a distance.

A terapia celular tem sido reportada como possibilidade de tratamento para os traumas medulares, frequentes em pessoas e em animais, e que não apresentam cura farmacológica para danos advindos da lesão primária. Foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação de células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo humano (hADSC) em ratos Wistar após lesão medular. As hADSC foram cultivadas, utilizadas entre aterceira e quinta passagens e parte delas foi transduzida para o rastreamento in vivo após o transplante. A lesão medular foi realizada com cateter de Fogarty nº. 3, introduzido no espaço epidural, com cuff localizado em T8 e preenchido com 80 μL de solução salina, por 5 minutos. Os animais do grupocontrole (A, n=12) receberam aplicações de meio de cultura (50 μL) e o grupo B (n=12) recebeu duas aplicações de hADSC (1,2 x 106), sete e 14 dias pós-lesão, ambas na veia da cauda. O esvaziamento vesical, por massagem, foi efetuado diariamente, durante três meses. As avaliações motoras foramrepetidas, diariamente, até três meses pós-lesão, utilizando a escala Basso-Beattie-Bresneham. Após este período os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e foram realizadas análises histológicas de bexigaurinária e medula espinhal. As análises de bioluminescência revelaram hADSC no local da aplicação e nos pulmões. Houve melhora da função da bexiga urinária em 83,3% dos animais do grupo B e 16,66% dos animais do grupo A. A análise das avaliações motoras e histológicas das medulas espinhais e bexigas urinárias não demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos A e B. Os resultados indicam que as hADSC transplantadas influenciaram a micção, de forma benéfica, por um mecanismo de açãoà distância, telécrino.