Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from eastern Australia

Bottom-dwelling elasmobranchs, such as guitarfishes, skates and stingrays are highly susceptible species to bycatch due to the overlap between their distribution and area of fishing operations. Catch data for this group is also often merged in generic categories preventing species-specific assessments. Along the east coast of Australia, the Eastern Fiddler Ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata (Muller & Henle, 1841), and the Sydney Skate, Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884), are common components of bycatch yet there is little information about their age, growth and reproductive timing, making impact assessment difficult. In this study the age and growth (from vertebral bands) as well as reproductive parameters of these two species are estimated and reported based on 171 specimens of Eastern Fiddler Rays (100 females and 71 males) and 81 Sydney Skates (47 females and 34 males). Based on von Bertalanffy growth curve fits, Eastern Fiddler Rays grew to larger sizes than Sydney Skate but did so more slowly (ray: L = 109.61, t0 = 0.26 and K = 0.20; skate: L = 51.95, t0 = -0.99 and K = 0.34 [both sexes combined]). Both species had higher liver weight ratios (HSI) during austral summer. Gonadal weight ratios (GSI) were higher in the austral winter for Eastern Fiddler and in the austral spring for Sydney Skates.

Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from eastern Australia

Bottom-dwelling elasmobranchs, such as guitarfishes, skates and stingrays are highly susceptible species to bycatch due to the overlap between their distribution and area of fishing operations. Catch data for this group is also often merged in generic categories preventing species-specific assessments. Along the east coast of Australia, the Eastern Fiddler Ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata (Muller & Henle, 1841), and the Sydney Skate, Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884), are common components of bycatch yet there is little information about their age, growth and reproductive timing, making impact assessment difficult. In this study the age and growth (from vertebral bands) as well as reproductive parameters of these two species are estimated and reported based on 171 specimens of Eastern Fiddler Rays (100 females and 71 males) and 81 Sydney Skates (47 females and 34 males). Based on von Bertalanffy growth curve fits, Eastern Fiddler Rays grew to larger sizes than Sydney Skate but did so more slowly (ray: L = 109.61, t0 = 0.26 and K = 0.20; skate: L = 51.95, t0 = -0.99 and K = 0.34 [both sexes combined]). Both species had higher liver weight ratios (HSI) during austral summer. Gonadal weight ratios (GSI) were higher in the austral winter for Eastern Fiddler and in the austral spring for Sydney Skates.(AU)

Macronutrient extraction curves of the onion crop / Curvas de extração de macronutrientes pela cultura da cebola

This study aimed to determine the extraction curves and accumulation order of macronutrients of two onion cultivars. In commercial fields in the region of Alto Paranaíba, MG, Brazil, onion plants of the cultivars Optima and Sirius were collected during the cycle in 2014 and 2015 to determine dry matter and macronutrient accumulation. The yield was determined at harvest time. Three phases of dry matter and nutrient accumulations were observed. The first phase had a slow accumulation and was followed by a fast increment and subsequent stabilization in phases two and three, respectively, for most of the nutrients in both cultivars and years of cultivation. Duration and accumulated at each phase were different between cultivars and years of cultivation. The total and commercial bulb yield did not vary between cultivars but only between years of cultivation, with average values of 117 and 60 Mg ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The partitioning of dry matter and macronutrients followed the same model for both cultivars and years of cultivation. Macronutrients with the largest partitioning for bulbs are P and S. The decreasing extraction order for both cultivars was K > Ca > N > P > Mg > S in 2014 and K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg in 2015.

Objetivou-se determinar as curvas de extração e a ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes de dois cultivares de cebola. Em cultivos comerciais na região do Alto Paranaíba - MG, plantas de cebola das cultivares Optima e Sirius foram coletadas durante o ciclo, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, para determinação do acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes. A produtividade foi determinada na colheita. Observaram-se três fases nos acúmulos de matéria seca e nutrientes: uma primeira, de acúmulo lento, foi seguida por incremento rápido e posterior estabilização nas fases dois e três, respectivamente, para maioria dos nutrientes em ambas cultivares e anos de cultivo. A duração das fases e o acumulado em cada uma foram distintos entre as cultivares e anos de cultivo. A produtividade total e comercial de bulbos não variou entre as cultivares, apenas entre os anos de cultivo, obtendo-se média de 117 e 60 Mg ha-1, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, respectivamente. A partição de matéria seca e macronutrientes pela cebola seguiu o mesmo modelo para ambas cultivares e anos de cultivo. Os macronutrientes com maior partição para os bulbos são o P e o S. A ordem decrescente de extração, para ambas cultivares, foi K > Ca > N > P > Mg > S em 2014, e K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg em 2015.

Macronutrient extraction curves of the onion crop / Curvas de extração de macronutrientes pela cultura da cebola

This study aimed to determine the extraction curves and accumulation order of macronutrients of two onion cultivars. In commercial fields in the region of Alto Paranaíba, MG, Brazil, onion plants of the cultivars Optima and Sirius were collected during the cycle in 2014 and 2015 to determine dry matter and macronutrient accumulation. The yield was determined at harvest time. Three phases of dry matter and nutrient accumulations were observed. The first phase had a slow accumulation and was followed by a fast increment and subsequent stabilization in phases two and three, respectively, for most of the nutrients in both cultivars and years of cultivation. Duration and accumulated at each phase were different between cultivars and years of cultivation. The total and commercial bulb yield did not vary between cultivars but only between years of cultivation, with average values of 117 and 60 Mg ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The partitioning of dry matter and macronutrients followed the same model for both cultivars and years of cultivation. Macronutrients with the largest partitioning for bulbs are P and S. The decreasing extraction order for both cultivars was K > Ca > N > P > Mg > S in 2014 and K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg in 2015.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar as curvas de extração e a ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes de dois cultivares de cebola. Em cultivos comerciais na região do Alto Paranaíba - MG, plantas de cebola das cultivares Optima e Sirius foram coletadas durante o ciclo, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, para determinação do acúmulo de matéria seca e macronutrientes. A produtividade foi determinada na colheita. Observaram-se três fases nos acúmulos de matéria seca e nutrientes: uma primeira, de acúmulo lento, foi seguida por incremento rápido e posterior estabilização nas fases dois e três, respectivamente, para maioria dos nutrientes em ambas cultivares e anos de cultivo. A duração das fases e o acumulado em cada uma foram distintos entre as cultivares e anos de cultivo. A produtividade total e comercial de bulbos não variou entre as cultivares, apenas entre os anos de cultivo, obtendo-se média de 117 e 60 Mg ha-1, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, respectivamente. A partição de matéria seca e macronutrientes pela cebola seguiu o mesmo modelo para ambas cultivares e anos de cultivo. Os macronutrientes com maior partição para os bulbos são o P e o S. A ordem decrescente de extração, para ambas cultivares, foi K > Ca > N > P > Mg > S em 2014, e K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg em 2015.(AU)

Effect of tembotrione herbicide on potato development / Efeito do herbicida tembotrione sobre o desenvolvimento da batata

Tembotrione herbicide residues from maize crops in the soil can affect the growth of sensitive crops in succession, such as potatoes. In this sense, this study sought to evaluate the residual effect of tembotrione on growth and development of potato plants. A field experiment with randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted. The treatments were incorporated to the soil one day before the planting of the Atlantic potato cultivar and consisted of four doses of tembotrione: 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.4 g ha-1; representing 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.0% of the recommended dose for maize, and a control treatment (without herbicide and weeding). Fresh matter mass of tuber (FMMT), number of stems (NS), number of tubers (NT) per plant and total dry matter mass (aerial parts and stem) (DMM) were evaluated at 60 and 90 days. FMMT, NT and DMM decreased with increasing doses of tembotrione. The largest reductions on both evaluated seasons were found for the 50.4 g ha-1 i.a. dose. The number of stems was not influenced by the tembotrione herbicide doses regardless of evaluated season. The results indicated that the presence of tembotrione in soil reduced growth and the number of tubers produced by potato plants.

Os resíduos do herbicida tembotrione no solo, proveniente de cultivos de milho, podem afetar o crescimento de culturas sensíveis, como a batata, em sucessão. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do herbicida tembotrione sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da batateira. Realizou-se um experimento de campo em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram incorporados ao solo um dia antes do plantio da batata cultivar Atlantic e constituídos de quatro doses de tembotrione: 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50,4 g ha-1, representando 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50% da dose recomendada para a cultura do milho, e um tratamento controle (sem herbicida e capinada). Aos 60 e 90 dias após o plantio foram avaliadas a massa de matéria fresca de tubérculo (MMFT), o número de hastes (NH), o número de tubérculos (NT) por planta e a massa de matéria seca total (parte aérea + haste) (MMST). A MMFT, NT e MMST decresceram com o aumento das doses do tembotrione, sendo que as maiores reduções encontradas, nas duas épocas avaliadas, foram na dose de 50,4 g ha-1 i.a. O número de hastes não foi influenciado pelas doses do herbicida tembotrione independente da época avaliada. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a presença de tembotrione no solo reduziu o crescimento e a quantidade de tubérculos produzidos pela batateira.

Effect of tembotrione herbicide on potato development / Efeito do herbicida tembotrione sobre o desenvolvimento da batata

Tembotrione herbicide residues from maize crops in the soil can affect the growth of sensitive crops in succession, such as potatoes. In this sense, this study sought to evaluate the residual effect of tembotrione on growth and development of potato plants. A field experiment with randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted. The treatments were incorporated to the soil one day before the planting of the Atlantic potato cultivar and consisted of four doses of tembotrione: 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.4 g ha-1; representing 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.0% of the recommended dose for maize, and a control treatment (without herbicide and weeding). Fresh matter mass of tuber (FMMT), number of stems (NS), number of tubers (NT) per plant and total dry matter mass (aerial parts and stem) (DMM) were evaluated at 60 and 90 days. FMMT, NT and DMM decreased with increasing doses of tembotrione. The largest reductions on both evaluated seasons were found for the 50.4 g ha-1 i.a. dose. The number of stems was not influenced by the tembotrione herbicide doses regardless of evaluated season. The results indicated that the presence of tembotrione in soil reduced growth and the number of tubers produced by potato plants.(AU)

Os resíduos do herbicida tembotrione no solo, proveniente de cultivos de milho, podem afetar o crescimento de culturas sensíveis, como a batata, em sucessão. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do herbicida tembotrione sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da batateira. Realizou-se um experimento de campo em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram incorporados ao solo um dia antes do plantio da batata cultivar Atlantic e constituídos de quatro doses de tembotrione: 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50,4 g ha-1, representando 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50% da dose recomendada para a cultura do milho, e um tratamento controle (sem herbicida e capinada). Aos 60 e 90 dias após o plantio foram avaliadas a massa de matéria fresca de tubérculo (MMFT), o número de hastes (NH), o número de tubérculos (NT) por planta e a massa de matéria seca total (parte aérea + haste) (MMST). A MMFT, NT e MMST decresceram com o aumento das doses do tembotrione, sendo que as maiores reduções encontradas, nas duas épocas avaliadas, foram na dose de 50,4 g ha-1 i.a. O número de hastes não foi influenciado pelas doses do herbicida tembotrione independente da época avaliada. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a presença de tembotrione no solo reduziu o crescimento e a quantidade de tubérculos produzidos pela batateira.(AU)

Componentes produtivos do milho sob diferentes manejos de plantas daninhas e arranjos de plantio em sistema agrossilvipastoril / Productive components of maize under different weed management systems and planting arrangements in agrosilvopasture system

O sucesso de um cultivo consorciado esta relacionado com o conhecimento de todos os fatores que afetam o crescimento e produção das espécies. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a produção de grãos de milho sob diferentes manejos de plantas daninhas e arranjos de plantio em sistema agrossilvipastoril. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas correspondentes aos sistemas de consórcio: eucalipto ou eucalipto junto com acácia consorciada com milho eBrachiaria brizanthacv. 'Marandu' ou B. decumbenscv. 'Basilisk' ou B. brizanthacv. 'Piatã'. Nas subparcelas, alocaram-se os sistemas de manejo de plantas daninhas: atrazine aplicado isoladamente ou mistura em tanque do atrazine com subdose do nicosulfuron. Adicionaram-se duas testemunhas relativas ao milho em monocultivo nos dois sistemas de manejos de plantas daninhas. As espécies florestais foram transplantadas na ocasião da semeadura do milho e das braquiárias, realizada em plantio direto. A aplicação de nicosulfuron em mistura com atrazine promoveu o aumento da altura de plantas e inserção de espigas, sem influenciar na produtividade de grãos de milho. O eucalipto, acácia e as espécies de braquiárias, estabelecidos concomitantemente, não influenciaram na produtividade de milho. A produtividade de grãos de milho é reduzida no sistema agrossilvipastoril em relação ao monocultivo.(AU)

The success of an intercropping system is related to the knowledge of all factors that affect their growth and species production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the grain corn production under different weed management systems and planting arrangements in agrosylvopastoral system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in split plots, with the corresponding portions of intercropping systems: eucalyptus or acacia eucalyptus intercropping with maize and Brachiaria brizanthacv. 'Marandu' or B. decumbenscv. 'Basilisk' or Brachiaria brizanthacv. 'Piatã'. In the sub-plots allocated there were systems of weed management: atrazine applied alone or in mixture with atrazine tank with nicosulfuron sub-dose. It was added up two control groups for maize monoculture in both systems of weed management systems. Forest species were transplanted at planting corn time and brachiaria held on till. The application of nicosulfuron and atrazine mixture promoted the increase in plant height and ear insertion without affecting the maize grain yield. Eucalyptus, Acacia and species of Brachiaria, established concomitantly, had no effect on corn yield. The corn grain yield is reduced in agrosylvopastoral system compared to monoculture.(AU)

Small-scale experimental contamination with diesel oil does not affect the recolonization of Sargassum (Fucales) fronds by vagile macrofauna

Coastal regions are subject to various forms of environmental impacts, such as spills of crude oil and associated products, with a wide range of effects on benthic biodiversity. This study characterized the patterns of recolonization of the macrofauna associated with the brown alga Sargassum cymosum(C. Agardh), on fronds contaminated by diesel oil in a small-scale field experiment. We collected 40 fronds of S. cymosum from an algal bed in southeastern Brazil and defaunated each frond by immersion in fresh water. Half of the fronds were then immersed in seawater (control group) and the other half in a mixture of 50% diesel oil and 50% seawater (impacted group). The test fronds were returned to the algal bed, and natural recolonization took place over a period of 12 days. Samples of the vagile macrofauna were taken randomly at three-day intervals over the course of the recolonization period. No significant differences in the densities of most taxa were found between the impact treatment (IG) and control treatment (CG). At the end of the recolonization period (day 12), the faunal composition of the treated fronds was very similar to the natural conditions, indicating a high rate of community recovery and suggesting that benthic associations can be rather resilient to diesel-oil impacts on a small scale.

Small-scale experimental contamination with diesel oil does not affect the recolonization of Sargassum (Fucales) fronds by vagile macrofauna

Coastal regions are subject to various forms of environmental impacts, such as spills of crude oil and associated products, with a wide range of effects on benthic biodiversity. This study characterized the patterns of recolonization of the macrofauna associated with the brown alga Sargassum cymosum(C. Agardh), on fronds contaminated by diesel oil in a small-scale field experiment. We collected 40 fronds of S. cymosum from an algal bed in southeastern Brazil and defaunated each frond by immersion in fresh water. Half of the fronds were then immersed in seawater (control group) and the other half in a mixture of 50% diesel oil and 50% seawater (impacted group). The test fronds were returned to the algal bed, and natural recolonization took place over a period of 12 days. Samples of the vagile macrofauna were taken randomly at three-day intervals over the course of the recolonization period. No significant differences in the densities of most taxa were found between the impact treatment (IG) and control treatment (CG). At the end of the recolonization period (day 12), the faunal composition of the treated fronds was very similar to the natural conditions, indicating a high rate of community recovery and suggesting that benthic associations can be rather resilient to diesel-oil impacts on a small scale.

Small-scale experimental contamination with diesel oil does not affect the recolonization of Sargassum (Fucales) fronds by vagile macrofauna

Coastal regions are subject to various forms of environmental impacts, such as spills of crude oil and associated products, with a wide range of effects on benthic biodiversity. This study characterized the patterns of recolonization of the macrofauna associated with the brown alga Sargassum cymosum(C. Agardh), on fronds contaminated by diesel oil in a small-scale field experiment. We collected 40 fronds of S. cymosum from an algal bed in southeastern Brazil and defaunated each frond by immersion in fresh water. Half of the fronds were then immersed in seawater (control group) and the other half in a mixture of 50% diesel oil and 50% seawater (impacted group). The test fronds were returned to the algal bed, and natural recolonization took place over a period of 12 days. Samples of the vagile macrofauna were taken randomly at three-day intervals over the course of the recolonization period. No significant differences in the densities of most taxa were found between the impact treatment (IG) and control treatment (CG). At the end of the recolonization period (day 12), the faunal composition of the treated fronds was very similar to the natural conditions, indicating a high rate of community recovery and suggesting that benthic associations can be rather resilient to diesel-oil impacts on a small scale.

Characterization of a new potyvirus causing mosaic and flower variegation in Catharanthus roseus in Brazil

Catharanthus roseus is a perennial, evergreen herb in the family Apocynaceae, which is used as ornamental and for popular medicine to treat a wide assortment of human diseases. This paper describes a new potyvirus found causing mosaic symptom, foliar malformation and flower variegation in C. roseus. Of 28 test-plants inoculated mechanically with this potyvirus, only C. roseus and Nicotiana benthamiana developed systemic mosaic, whereas Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa exhibited chlorotic local lesions. The virus was transmitted by Aphis gossypii and Myzus nicotianae. When the nucleotide sequence of the CP gene (768nt) was compared with other members of the Potyviridae family, the highest identities varied from 67 to 76 %. For the 3' UTR (286nt), identities varied from 16.8 to 28.6 %. The name Catharanthus mosaic virus (CatMV) is proposed for this new potyvirus.

Characterization of a new potyvirus causing mosaic and flower variegation in Catharanthus roseus in Brazil

Catharanthus roseus is a perennial, evergreen herb in the family Apocynaceae, which is used as ornamental and for popular medicine to treat a wide assortment of human diseases. This paper describes a new potyvirus found causing mosaic symptom, foliar malformation and flower variegation in C. roseus. Of 28 test-plants inoculated mechanically with this potyvirus, only C. roseus and Nicotiana benthamiana developed systemic mosaic, whereas Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa exhibited chlorotic local lesions. The virus was transmitted by Aphis gossypii and Myzus nicotianae. When the nucleotide sequence of the CP gene (768nt) was compared with other members of the Potyviridae family, the highest identities varied from 67 to 76 %. For the 3' UTR (286nt), identities varied from 16.8 to 28.6 %. The name Catharanthus mosaic virus (CatMV) is proposed for this new potyvirus.

Synthetic methionine meal supplement in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) during sex reversal phase - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1186 / Suplementação de metionina sintética em rações para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) durante a fase de reversão sexual - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1186

The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of metionine dietary levels on performance and chemical composition from Nile tilapia, during sex reversal phase. A 35 liter-aquarium with 15 animals was considered as an experimental unit. The treatments had been constituted by larvae feeding with diets containing 0.56; 0.65; 0.75; 0.85; 0.95% of total metionine. The animals were fed on ad libitum regimen. In the end of the experimental period, the performance parameters of length and weight, daily weigh gain, factor condition and survival were evaluated. The carcass chemical characteristics from animals as moisture, mineral matter, crude protein and eter extract were also evaluated. The data were submitted to the variance analysis (=0,05). No difference (P >0.05) among treatments was observed. Results show that in rations for Nile tilapia, in this phase, the use of synthetic metionine affected neither the performance nor chemical composition of the animals

O trabalho teve objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis dietéticos de metionina na nutrição da tilápia do Nilo, durante a fase de reversão sexual. Foi considerada como uma unidade experimental um aquário de 35 litros, contendo 15 larvas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela alimentação das larvas com dietas contendo 0,56%, 0,65%, 0,75%, 0,85%, 0,95% de metionina total. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum. No final do experimento, foram avaliados os parâmetros de peso e comprimento médio, ganho de peso diário, fator de condição, sobrevivência e as características bromatológicas da carcaça dos animais de umidade, matéria mineral, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (=0,05). Ao final do experimento, não foi observada diferença (p >0,05) entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que em rações para tilápia do Nilo, na fase estudada, a suplementação de metionina sintética não influenciou no desempenho nem na composição corporal dos animais

Nodulação e micorrização de soja transgênica após aplicação de glyphosate / Nodulation and mycorrhization of transgenic soybean after glyphosate application

A sensibilidade de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio como Bradyrhizobium spp. ao glyphosate pode ser influenciada pela concentração do herbicida. Assim, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de duas formulações comerciais de glyphosate em aplicação única ou sequencial na nodulação e micorrização da soja RR P98Y11. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação em vasos com capacidade para 4 L com amostras de solo do cerrado. Foram utilizados seis tratamentos sendo Roundup original e Roundup ultra com uma e duas aplicações, testemunha sem herbicida e testemunha só com nitrogênio mineral, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Foram feitas quatro avaliações, a cada 15 dias, determinando-se nodulação, micorrizas e peso de matéria seca. Com a utilização do Roundup ultra até os 15 DAA houve um aumento no número de nódulos, após este período a testemunha só com inoculante apresentou maior número de nódulos. O glyphosate teve influencia positiva quanto à massa seca de nódulos independente do número de aplicações e formulações. Quanto à colonização micorrízica não houve influencia de nenhuma das formulações de glyphosate.

The sensitivity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Bradyrhizobium spp with in relation to glyphosate can be influenced by the concentration of the herbicide. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two formulations of glyphosate, in two application periods, on nodulation and mycorrhization in a soybean of variety RR P98Y11, using greenhouse, in pots with capacity of 4 L with savanna soils. Six treatments were utilized using Roundup Ultra and Roundup Original with one and two applications, witness without herbicide and witness only with mineral nitrogen, in a completely randomized design. Four evaluations were done, every 15 days, to determine the plant height, shoot and root dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weigh and mycorrhizae. It was observed an increase on the number of nodules, with the use of Roundup Ultra until 15 days after the first application. After this period, the witness only with inoculants showed a larger number of nodules. Roundup Ultra had positive influences on the dry weight of nodules, regardless the number of applications. There was no influence of glyphosate formulation considering the mycorrhizal colonization.

Synthetic methionine meal supplement in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) during sex reversal phase - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1186 / Suplementação de metionina sintética em rações para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) durante a fase de reversão sexual - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1186

The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of metionine dietary levels on performance and chemical composition from Nile tilapia, during sex reversal phase. A 35 liter-aquarium with 15 animals was considered as an experimental unit. The treatments had been constituted by larvae feeding with diets containing 0.56; 0.65; 0.75; 0.85; 0.95% of total metionine. The animals were fed on ad libitum regimen. In the end of the experimental period, the performance parameters of length and weight, daily weigh gain, factor condition and survival were evaluated. The carcass chemical characteristics from animals as moisture, mineral matter, crude protein and eter extract were also evaluated. The data were submitted to the variance analysis (=0,05). No difference (P >0.05) among treatments was observed. Results show that in rations for Nile tilapia, in this phase, the use of synthetic metionine affected neither the performance nor chemical composition of the animals

O trabalho teve objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis dietéticos de metionina na nutrição da tilápia do Nilo, durante a fase de reversão sexual. Foi considerada como uma unidade experimental um aquário de 35 litros, contendo 15 larvas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela alimentação das larvas com dietas contendo 0,56%, 0,65%, 0,75%, 0,85%, 0,95% de metionina total. Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum. No final do experimento, foram avaliados os parâmetros de peso e comprimento médio, ganho de peso diário, fator de condição, sobrevivência e as características bromatológicas da carcaça dos animais de umidade, matéria mineral, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (=0,05). Ao final do experimento, não foi observada diferença (p >0,05) entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que em rações para tilápia do Nilo, na fase estudada, a suplementação de metionina sintética não influenciou no desempenho nem na composição corporal dos animais

Nodulação e micorrização de soja transgênica após aplicação de glyphosate / Nodulation and mycorrhization of transgenic soybean after glyphosate application

A sensibilidade de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio como Bradyrhizobium spp. ao glyphosate pode ser influenciada pela concentração do herbicida. Assim, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de duas formulações comerciais de glyphosate em aplicação única ou sequencial na nodulação e micorrização da soja RR P98Y11. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação em vasos com capacidade para 4 L com amostras de solo do cerrado. Foram utilizados seis tratamentos sendo Roundup original e Roundup ultra com uma e duas aplicações, testemunha sem herbicida e testemunha só com nitrogênio mineral, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Foram feitas quatro avaliações, a cada 15 dias, determinando-se nodulação, micorrizas e peso de matéria seca. Com a utilização do Roundup ultra até os 15 DAA houve um aumento no número de nódulos, após este período a testemunha só com inoculante apresentou maior número de nódulos. O glyphosate teve influencia positiva quanto à massa seca de nódulos independente do número de aplicações e formulações. Quanto à colonização micorrízica não houve influencia de nenhuma das formulações de glyphosate. 

The sensitivity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Bradyrhizobium spp with in relation to glyphosate can be influenced by the concentration of the herbicide. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two formulations of glyphosate, in two application periods, on nodulation and mycorrhization in a soybean of variety RR P98Y11, using greenhouse, in pots with capacity of 4 L with savanna soils. Six treatments were utilized using Roundup Ultra and Roundup Original with one and two applications, witness without herbicide and witness only with mineral nitrogen, in a completely randomized design. Four evaluations were done, every 15 days, to determine the plant height, shoot and root dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weigh and mycorrhizae. It was observed an increase on the number of nodules, with the use of Roundup Ultra until 15 days after the first application. After this period, the witness only with inoculants showed a larger number of nodules. Roundup Ultra had positive influences on the dry weight of nodules, regardless the number of applications. There was no influence of glyphosate formulation considering the mycorrhizal colonization.

Food habits of the frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, in Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil

The frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, is a medium-sized carnivore bat (28-45 g), which appears to feed mainly on frogs, although it also eats lizards, some insects and occasional fruits, small mammals and birds. This species is able to identify frog species by their vocalizations and avoid poisonous species. In August 2002 we found three feeding roosts of T. cirrhosus in an abandoned house within the Reserva Biológica de Saltinho, Pernambuco state. Despite their high behavioral specialization to consume frogs, in the Saltinho Reserve frog-eating bats consumed mainly birds and perhaps bats.

Food habits of the frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, in Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil

The frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, is a medium-sized carnivore bat (28-45 g), which appears to feed mainly on frogs, although it also eats lizards, some insects and occasional fruits, small mammals and birds. This species is able to identify frog species by their vocalizations and avoid poisonous species. In August 2002 we found three feeding roosts of T. cirrhosus in an abandoned house within the Reserva Biológica de Saltinho, Pernambuco state. Despite their high behavioral specialization to consume frogs, in the Saltinho Reserve frog-eating bats consumed mainly birds and perhaps bats.