Self-pollination, intra- and interspecific crosses in tomatoes

Tomato genotypes ( Solanum spp.) have genetic variability of most desirable features, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, incompatibility of crosses of wild genotypes with domesticated tomatoes, or even between wild genotypes, hinders the breeding process. Thus, knowledge of the reproductive biology of genotypes and conditions is necessary to maximize the success of artificial crossings. This study evaluated the compatibility of self-pollination, intra- and interspecific controlled crosses, stigma receptivity, and pollen viability in tomato genotypes. We used two commercial genotypes S. lycopersicum ('RVTM08' and 'Redenção') and seven accessions of wild tomato genotypes ('AF 26970', 'LA-1401', 'AF 19684', 'LA-1967', 'PI-127826', 'PI-134417', and 'LA-716'). We evaluated all crosses and their reciprocals, besides the self-pollinations. The variables evaluated were fruit index (FI), number of seeds per fruit (SN), and seed germination percentage (GP). Stigma receptivity and grains' pollen viability index (PVI) were also assessed. The results showed that 'LA-1967' was self-incompatible, had a low PVI, and generated fruit without seeds in most crosses. As female parents, 'RVTM08', 'Redenção', 'AF 26970', 'LA-1401', and 'AF 19684' showed higher FI and SN. There was a wide diversity of reproductive characteristics between the genotypes and crosses that did not influence GP. Compatibility of crosses in tomatoes is determined by the female parent choice and can be affected by stigma receptivity and the PVI.(AU)

Competition of onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, State of Paraná

The use of genotypes more adapted to climatic conditions can contribute to increase the yield of onion producers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of 15 onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, state of Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Horticulture, Cedeteg campus, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil, from July to November 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of four commercial cultivars Optima F1, Bella Dura, Sirius F1, Soberana F1 and eleven experimental genotypes N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, AF4241 and AF4243. Biometric characteristics of the plants, production components and early flowering were evaluated. Plants presented between 6 and 9 leaves, in which N1, N3, N4 and N6 had less than 7 leaves, differing statistically from the others. The cultivar Optima F1 and the genotypes N2, N3, N5, N6, N7 and N8 presented the tallest plants, with 66.1 to 76.0 cm. The pseudostem diameter did not differ significantly between genotypes, showing values between 15.2 and 20.4 mm. Total productivity was higher in genotypes N2, N6, N5, N4, N3, N7 with values from 43.6 to 50.3 t ha-1. The highest average bulb mass was found in N2, N4, N6, Sirius F1, Optima F1 and Soberana F1

Competition of onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, State of Paraná

The use of genotypes more adapted to climatic conditions can contribute to increase the yield of onion producers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of 15 onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, state of Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Horticulture, Cedeteg campus, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil, from July to November 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of four commercial cultivars Optima F1, Bella Dura, Sirius F1, Soberana F1 and eleven experimental genotypes N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, AF4241 and AF4243. Biometric characteristics of the plants, production components and early flowering were evaluated. Plants presented between 6 and 9 leaves, in which N1, N3, N4 and N6 had less than 7 leaves, differing statistically from the others. The cultivar Optima F1 and the genotypes N2, N3, N5, N6, N7 and N8 presented the tallest plants, with 66.1 to 76.0 cm. The pseudostem diameter did not differ significantly between genotypes, showing values between 15.2 and 20.4 mm. Total productivity was higher in genotypes N2, N6, N5, N4, N3, N7 with values from 43.6 to 50.3 t ha-1. The highest average bulb mass was found in N2, N4, N6, Sirius F1, Optima F1 and Soberana F1, wit

Competition of onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, State of Paraná

The use of genotypes more adapted to climatic conditions can contribute to increase the yield of onion producers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of 15 onion genotypes in the soil and climatic conditions of Guarapuava, state of Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Horticulture, Cedeteg campus, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil, from July to November 2018. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with four replications, and the treatments consisted of four commercial cultivars Optima F1, Bella Dura, Sirius F1, Soberana F1 and eleven experimental genotypes N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, AF4241 and AF4243. Biometric characteristics of the plants, production components and early flowering were evaluated. Plants presented between 6 and 9 leaves, in which N1, N3, N4 and N6 had less than 7 leaves, differing statistically from the others. The cultivar Optima F1 and the genotypes N2, N3, N5, N6, N7 and N8 presented the tallest plants, with 66.1 to 76.0 cm. The pseudostem diameter did not differ significantly between genotypes, showing values between 15.2 and 20.4 mm. Total productivity was higher in genotypes N2, N6, N5, N4, N3, N7 with values from 43.6 to 50.3 t ha-1. The highest average bulb mass was found in N2, N4, N6, Sirius F1, Optima F1 and Soberana F1(AU)

Plastochron and yield of Physalis peruviana L. grown in different environments and transplanting dates / Plastocrono e produção de Physalis peruviana L. cultivado em ambientes e épocas de transplantio

This study aimed to estimate plastochron, leaf area, and yield of Physalis peruviana seedlings grown in different environments and transplanted on different dates. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, namely: two cultivation environments (protected and field) and three transplanting dates (10/27/2013, 12/15/2013, and 02/11/2014). Four replicates of eight plants were used per plot, and the four central plants composed the useful area. Based on mathematical models and temperature data, plastochron was estimated for the entire crop cycle and vegetative and reproductive phases separately. Leaf area and node number were measured, and their relationship established at the end of the study. Other variables assessed were fruit number, mass, and yield per plant. Our results showed that the higher temperatures in the protected environment anticipated phenological timings. Plastochron values of 60.0 and 16.5 °C day-1 can be used during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. The protected environment increased vegetative growth and development, as well as yield of P. peruviana seedlings. In the Guarapuava-PR region, P. peruviana seedlings should be transplanted during the spring so that higher fruit yield and quality could be achieved.(AU)

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo estimar o plastocrono, a área leaf e a produção em Physalis peruviana cultivada em ambientes e épocas de transplantio. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo dois ambientes de cultivo (cultivo protegido e a campo) e três épocas de transplantio (27/10/2013, 15/12/2013 e 11/02/2014). Quatro repetições de oito plantas por parcela foram implantadas, utilizando-se as quatro plantas centrais para avaliação. Com base em modelos matemáticos e dados de temperatura coletados o plastocrono foi estimado para o ciclo completo e fases vegetativa e reprodutiva da cultura separadamente. A área leaf bem como o número de nós foram avaliados permitindo estabelecer uma relação entre esses dois parâmetros ao fim do trabalho. Avaliou-se também o número, massa e produção de frutos comerciais por planta. Observou-se com o estudo que a temperatura em ambiente protegido foi maior quando comparada ao campo, promovendo a antecipação do desenvolvimento dos estágios fenológicos. Durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo, pode ser utilizado valor de plastocrono de 60,0 ºC dia nó-1 e durante o reprodutivo de 16,5 ºC dia nó-1. O ambiente protegido proporcionou maior crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtividade de P. peruviana, quando comparado ao cultivo em campo. O transplantio de P. peruviana na região de Guarapuava-PR deve ser feito na primavera para garantia de maior produtividade e qualidade de frutos.(AU)

Evaluation of the chemical, physical and nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of different sweet potato cultivars / Avaliação da composição química, nutricional e da aceitabilidade sensorial de diferentes cultivares de batata-doce

The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical, physical and nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of different sweet potato cultivars to classify the best genotypes for human consumption. We evaluated ten genotypes extracted from the Germplasm bank of Midwest State University, Brazil. The cultivars were evaluated regarding their sensory acceptability and chemical (reducing sugar; nonreducing sugar; total sugar; pH; total soluble solids; titratable acidity; total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio; and instrumental colour) and nutritional composition (moisture; ash; protein; lipid; carbohydrate; energy value; total carotenoid; and ascorbic acid). Greater scores (p < 0.05) for overall acceptance were obtained for the white pulp genotypes Amorano, Júlia, UGA 45, and UGA 49. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) in the chemical and nutritional composition of sweet potatoes, except for the pH values. Generally, tuber have a light colour (values of L* greater than 50) with a yellow shade (b*) and green subshade (negative a* values). The exception was noticed in the UGA 34 genotype, which presented a higher red shade (positive a* value) and a yellow subshade. The cultivars more indicated for human consumption were the UGA 34 (favorable nutritional profile), UGA 45 (better acceptability and favorable chemical and nutritional composition), and Amorano (better acceptability and favorable chemical composition). On the other hand, the UGA 29 genotype may be characterized as the less appropriated for consumption. That, due to its less acceptance from the consumers and an inferior chemical and nutritional characterization. We conclude that the Brazilian sweet potato cultivars more indicated for human consumption are the UGA 34, UGA 45 and Amorano, considering that present more favorable chemical, nutritional and sensory acceptability characteristics. The UGA 29 genotype may be characterized as less recommended for consumption.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, física e nutricional e a aceitabilidade sensorial de diferentes cultivares de batata-doce, visando classificar os melhores genótipos para o consumo humano. Foram avaliados 10 genótipos extraídos do Banco de Germoplasma da UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR. Os cultivares foram avaliados em relação à aceitabilidade sensorial e à composição química (açúcares redutores; açúcares não redutores; açúcares totais; pH; sólidos solúveis totais; acidez titulável; relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável; cor instrumental) e nutricional (umidade; cinzas; proteína; lipídio; carboidrato; energia; carotenoides totais e; ácido ascórbico). Maiores notas (p < 0,05) para aceitação global foram verificadas para os genótipos de polpa creme Amorano, Júlia, UGA 45 e UGA 49. Houve diferença estatística (p < 0,05) na composição química e nutricional das batatas-doces, com exceção dos valores de pH (p > 0,05). Em geral, os tubérculos apresentaram cor clara (valores de L* maiores que 50%), com tom de amarelo (b*) e subtom de verde (valores de a* negativos). Exceção foi verificada para o genótipo UGA 34, que apresentou maior tom de vermelho (valor de a* positivo) e subtom de amarelo. As cultivares mais indicadas para o consumo humano foram UGA 34 (perfil nutricional favorável), UGA 45 (melhor aceitabilidade e favorável composição química e nutricional) e Amorano (melhor aceitabilidade e favorável composição química). Contrariamente, o genótipo UGA 29 pode ser caracterizado como o menos propício ao consumo. Isso, porque apresentou menor aceitação pelos consumidores, além de inferior caracterização química e nutricional. Conclui-se que as cultivares de batata-doce brasileiras mais indicadas para consumo humano são a UGA 34, UGA 45 e Amorano, considerando que apresentam características químicas, nutricionais e de aceitabilidade sensorial mais favoráveis...(AU)

Evaluation of the chemical, physical and nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of different sweet potato cultivars / Avaliação da composição química, nutricional e da aceitabilidade sensorial de diferentes cultivares de batata-doce

The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical, physical and nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of different sweet potato cultivars to classify the best genotypes for human consumption. We evaluated ten genotypes extracted from the Germplasm bank of Midwest State University, Brazil. The cultivars were evaluated regarding their sensory acceptability and chemical (reducing sugar; nonreducing sugar; total sugar; pH; total soluble solids; titratable acidity; total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio; and instrumental colour) and nutritional composition (moisture; ash; protein; lipid; carbohydrate; energy value; total carotenoid; and ascorbic acid). Greater scores (p < 0.05) for overall acceptance were obtained for the white pulp genotypes Amorano, Júlia, UGA 45, and UGA 49. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) in the chemical and nutritional composition of sweet potatoes, except for the pH values. Generally, tuber have a light colour (values of L* greater than 50) with a yellow shade (b*) and green subshade (negative a* values). The exception was noticed in the UGA 34 genotype, which presented a higher red shade (positive a* value) and a yellow subshade. The cultivars more indicated for human consumption were the UGA 34 (favorable nutritional profile), UGA 45 (better acceptability and favorable chemical and nutritional composition), and Amorano (better acceptability and favorable chemical composition). On the other hand, the UGA 29 genotype may be characterized as the less appropriated for consumption. That, due to its less acceptance from the consumers and an inferior chemical and nutritional characterization. We conclude that the Brazilian sweet potato cultivars more indicated for human consumption are the UGA 34, UGA 45 and Amorano, considering that present more favorable chemical, nutritional and sensory acceptability characteristics. The UGA 29 genotype may be characterized as less recommended for consumption.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, física e nutricional e a aceitabilidade sensorial de diferentes cultivares de batata-doce, visando classificar os melhores genótipos para o consumo humano. Foram avaliados 10 genótipos extraídos do Banco de Germoplasma da UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR. Os cultivares foram avaliados em relação à aceitabilidade sensorial e à composição química (açúcares redutores; açúcares não redutores; açúcares totais; pH; sólidos solúveis totais; acidez titulável; relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável; cor instrumental) e nutricional (umidade; cinzas; proteína; lipídio; carboidrato; energia; carotenoides totais e; ácido ascórbico). Maiores notas (p 0,05). Em geral, os tubérculos apresentaram cor clara (valores de L* maiores que 50%), com tom de amarelo (b*) e subtom de verde (valores de a* negativos). Exceção foi verificada para o genótipo UGA 34, que apresentou maior tom de vermelho (valor de a* positivo) e subtom de amarelo. As cultivares mais indicadas para o consumo humano foram UGA 34 (perfil nutricional favorável), UGA 45 (melhor aceitabilidade e favorável composição química e nutricional) e Amorano (melhor aceitabilidade e favorável composição química). Contrariamente, o genótipo UGA 29 pode ser caracterizado como o menos propício ao consumo. Isso, porque apresentou menor aceitação pelos consumidores, além de inferior caracterização química e nutricional. Conclui-se que as cultivares de batata-doce brasileiras mais indicadas para consumo humano são a UGA 34, UGA 45 e Amorano, considerando que apresentam características químicas, nutricionais e de aceitabilidade sensorial mais favoráveis...

Comportamento de plantas de tomateiro indeterminado na presença de regulador de crescimento / Behavior of undetermined tomato plant of growth regulator presence

The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and post-harvest behavior of indeterminate tomato cv. Plus Debora according of increasing doses of Trinexapac-Ethyl (ET). Trial was conducted at the experimental field of the research on vegetables on State University in the Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava-PR. We evaluated agronomic and growth characteristics as well as characteristics of postharvest. Increased doses of ET did not affect the number of bunches per plant, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH of the pulp the fruits. Still the increase dose of ET led to reduced productivity, average fruit weight and percentage of large and medium-sized fruit, and accordingly increased the percentage of small fruit produced. Trinexapac-Ethyl reduced the size of the plant by shortening the distance between node and between curls of tomatoes, and helped to increase the diameter of the stem of the plant. Variation in the dose of ET affected only the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity and increasing the delivered dose.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento agronômico e de pós-colheita do tomateiro de crescimento indeterminado cv. Débora Plus em função de doses crescentes de Etil-Trinexapac (ET). O trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Hortaliças (NUPH) da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava PR. Avaliaram-se características agronômicas e de crescimento, bem como características de pós-colheita dos frutos. As doses de Etil-Trinexapac não afetaram as características número de cachos por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e pH da polpa dos frutos. Por outro lado o aumento na dose de Etil-Trinexapac propiciou a redução da produtividade, massa média dos frutos e porcentagem de frutos grandes e médios, e consequentemente aumentou a porcentagem de frutos pequenos produzidos. Etil-Trinexapac reduziu o porte da planta por meio do encurtamento da distância entre nó e entre cachos, e contribuiu para aumentar o diâmetro do caule do tomateiro. A variação na dose de ET afetou apenas o Ratio, aumentando a relação entre sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável com o aumento da dose aplicada.(AU)

Comportamento de plantas de tomateiro indeterminado na presença de regulador de crescimento / Behavior of undetermined tomato plant of growth regulator presence

The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and post-harvest behavior of indeterminate tomato cv. Plus Debora according of increasing doses of Trinexapac-Ethyl (ET). Trial was conducted at the experimental field of the research on vegetables on State University in the Midwest (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava-PR. We evaluated agronomic and growth characteristics as well as characteristics of postharvest. Increased doses of ET did not affect the number of bunches per plant, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH of the pulp the fruits. Still the increase dose of ET led to reduced productivity, average fruit weight and percentage of large and medium-sized fruit, and accordingly increased the percentage of small fruit produced. Trinexapac-Ethyl reduced the size of the plant by shortening the distance between node and between curls of tomatoes, and helped to increase the diameter of the stem of the plant. Variation in the dose of ET affected only the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acidity and increasing the delivered dose.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento agronômico e de pós-colheita do tomateiro de crescimento indeterminado cv. Débora Plus em função de doses crescentes de Etil-Trinexapac (ET). O trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Hortaliças (NUPH) da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava PR. Avaliaram-se características agronômicas e de crescimento, bem como características de pós-colheita dos frutos. As doses de Etil-Trinexapac não afetaram as características número de cachos por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e pH da polpa dos frutos. Por outro lado o aumento na dose de Etil-Trinexapac propiciou a redução da produtividade, massa média dos frutos e porcentagem de frutos grandes e médios, e consequentemente aumentou a porcentagem de frutos pequenos produzidos. Etil-Trinexapac reduziu o porte da planta por meio do encurtamento da distância entre nó e entre cachos, e contribuiu para aumentar o diâmetro do caule do tomateiro. A variação na dose de ET afetou apenas o Ratio, aumentando a relação entre sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável com o aumento da dose aplicada.