Serum TNF- and IL-10 in Ehrlichia spp. naturally infected dogs

Background: Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and dogs can present variable clinical manifestations, ranging from subclinical, acute to chronic illness. This pathogen preferentially infects leukocytes. In Brazil illness is described nationwide with the seropositivity varying from 4.8% to over 50%. The control of Ehrlichia spp. infection was related to cellular immune response mediated by Th1 while the CE acute phase is related to humoral immune response mediated by Th2, with high production of antibodies. Th1 and Th2 balance can be measured by cytokine profile. TNF-α is associated with inflammatory responses while IL-10 inhibits mechanisms which prevent tissue damage caused by the intense inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by Ehrlichia spp.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty five dogs, both sexes, one to eight years old, weighing 5 to 40 kg, undefined breed were divided in two groups: Control (CT, n = 14) and naturally infected by Ehrlichia spp. dogs (EH, n = 11). Naturally infected dogs were from Zoonosis Control Center. Ehrlichia spp. morulae was visualized in bone marrow aspirates. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and serum dosages of TNF-α and IL-10 (commercial kits by sandwich ELISA). The frequency of clinical signs was expressed as percentage. T test, Spearman correlation and linear regression were used when necessary (P ≤ 0.05). Alopecia (45%), generalized lymphadenopathy (36%), onychogryphosis (27%) and conjunctivitis (27%) were the most frequent clinical signs in the EH group. No difference was found between studied groups in hematological and biochemical parameters. TNF-α concentration was 43.3 ± 16.9 pg/mL in CT and 41.1 ± 3.8 pg/mL in EH, while IL-10 concentration was 20.2 ± 8.4 pg/mL in CT and 21.0 ± 5.1 pg/mL in EH.[...](AU)

Serum TNF- and IL-10 in Ehrlichia spp. naturally infected dogs

Background: Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and dogs can present variable clinical manifestations, ranging from subclinical, acute to chronic illness. This pathogen preferentially infects leukocytes. In Brazil illness is described nationwide with the seropositivity varying from 4.8% to over 50%. The control of Ehrlichia spp. infection was related to cellular immune response mediated by Th1 while the CE acute phase is related to humoral immune response mediated by Th2, with high production of antibodies. Th1 and Th2 balance can be measured by cytokine profile. TNF-α is associated with inflammatory responses while IL-10 inhibits mechanisms which prevent tissue damage caused by the intense inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by Ehrlichia spp.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty five dogs, both sexes, one to eight years old, weighing 5 to 40 kg, undefined breed were divided in two groups: Control (CT, n = 14) and naturally infected by Ehrlichia spp. dogs (EH, n = 11). Naturally infected dogs were from Zoonosis Control Center. Ehrlichia spp. morulae was visualized in bone marrow aspirates. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and serum dosages of TNF-α and IL-10 (commercial kits by sandwich ELISA). The frequency of clinical signs was expressed as percentage. T test, Spearman correlation and linear regression were used when necessary (P ≤ 0.05). Alopecia (45%), generalized lymphadenopathy (36%), onychogryphosis (27%) and conjunctivitis (27%) were the most frequent clinical signs in the EH group. No difference was found between studied groups in hematological and biochemical parameters. TNF-α concentration was 43.3 ± 16.9 pg/mL in CT and 41.1 ± 3.8 pg/mL in EH, while IL-10 concentration was 20.2 ± 8.4 pg/mL in CT and 21.0 ± 5.1 pg/mL in EH.[...]

TNF-α and IL-10 Modulate CK and CK-MB Activities in Naturally Infected Dogs byLeishmania infantum

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a multisystem inflammatory disease caused by the Leishmania genusprotozoa, characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The parasite presence has been reportedin various organs and tissues, such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and skin, in addition the cardiac muscle.Cardiac muscle lesions provide the substances release, among which we can mention the creatine kinase (CK), its MBsubunit (CK-MB) and troponin. The changes that cause these injuries depend not only of the parasite presence, but alsothe increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Although most studies focus on the proinflammatory cytokinesaction, regulatory cytokines of the inflammatory process has gained evidence in the immune response to the Leishmaniainfantum and can be directly associated with the cardiac damage pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate theTNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by L. infantum and relates them to cardiac biomarkers, in thedifferent clinical forms of disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 30 adult dogs were used, being 10 negative (ND) and 20 positive for CVL.All seropositive animals were subjected to clinical examination, observing the presence of characteristic clinical signs ofdisease, being divided into two groups: asymptomatic (AD, n = 10) and symptomatic (SD, n = 10) dogs. Blood samplesfrom all animals were collected to obtain serum for subsequent measurement of TNF-α, IL-10, CK and CK-MB. Datawere analyzed by Kruskal-Wallys test, followed by Dunns test. The correlation and influence of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α on CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK, were determined by Spearman correlation test and linear regression. To evaluatethe relationship between the clinical signs onset and the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-α, CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK serum...(AU)

TNF-α and IL-10 Modulate CK and CK-MB Activities in Naturally Infected Dogs byLeishmania infantum

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a multisystem inflammatory disease caused by the Leishmania genusprotozoa, characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The parasite presence has been reportedin various organs and tissues, such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and skin, in addition the cardiac muscle.Cardiac muscle lesions provide the substances release, among which we can mention the creatine kinase (CK), its MBsubunit (CK-MB) and troponin. The changes that cause these injuries depend not only of the parasite presence, but alsothe increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Although most studies focus on the proinflammatory cytokinesaction, regulatory cytokines of the inflammatory process has gained evidence in the immune response to the Leishmaniainfantum and can be directly associated with the cardiac damage pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate theTNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by L. infantum and relates them to cardiac biomarkers, in thedifferent clinical forms of disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 30 adult dogs were used, being 10 negative (ND) and 20 positive for CVL.All seropositive animals were subjected to clinical examination, observing the presence of characteristic clinical signs ofdisease, being divided into two groups: asymptomatic (AD, n = 10) and symptomatic (SD, n = 10) dogs. Blood samplesfrom all animals were collected to obtain serum for subsequent measurement of TNF-α, IL-10, CK and CK-MB. Datawere analyzed by Kruskal-Wallys test, followed by Dunn’s test. The correlation and influence of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α on CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK, were determined by Spearman correlation test and linear regression. To evaluatethe relationship between the clinical signs onset and the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-α, CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK serum...