Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do queijo de coalho comercializado na praia de Copacabana - RJ / Evaluation of the microbiological quality of coalho cheese commercialized on Copabacabana beach

A pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar as condições higiênicas e sanitárias de comercialização do queijo de coalho por vendedores ambulantes na praia de Copacabana, por meio de inspeção visual e análises microbiológicas. Para o estudo foram coletadas quinze amostras de cinco diferentes ambulantes e estas foram encaminhadas para o Centro Estadual de Pesquisa em Qualidade de Alimentos da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO/CEPQA) onde foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas. O resultado da avaliação visual das condições higiênico-sanitárias demonstrou 100% de não conformidades em relação à adoção das Boas Práticas de Fabricação por parte dos manipuladores. Os resultados das contagens de Estafilococos coagulase positiva e de Coliformes termotolerantes se apresentaram acima do limite preconizado pela legislação vigente em 75% e 6,7% das amostras respectivamente. Em 25% das amostras foi verificada a presença de Salmonella spp. O estudo demonstrou que o queijo de coalho vendido por ambulantes da praia de Copacabana estava impróprio para o consumo podendo representar risco à saúde dos consumidores.(AU)

The research aimed to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary commercialized conditions of coalho cheese by street vendors on Copacabana beach, through visual inspection and microbiological analysis. For conducting the study, fifteen samples were collected from five different street vendors and these were analyzed at the State Center for Research in Food Quality of the Agriculture Research Company of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO/CEPQA). The result of the visual assessment of hygienic-sanitary conditions demonstrated 100% of non-conformities in relation to the adoption of Good Manufacturing Practices by the manipulators. In counts of coagulase positive Staphylococcus and Thermotolerant Coliforms were above the limit recommended by the current legislation in 75% and 6.7% of the samples, respectively. Salmonella spp. was present in 25% of the analyses.The study showed that the coalho cheese sold by street vendors on Copacabana beach was unfit for consumption and could pose a risk to consumer health.(AU)

Influence of the number of feeding environments on the performance of bullfrog tadpoles / Influência do número de ambientes de alimentação no desempenho de girinos de rã-touro

Feeding is one of the major factors that influences the growth and development of animals, justifying thus the present experiment that analyzed the effect of the number of feeding environments on the performance of bullfrog tadpoles through the growth (weight and length) and performance (food remains, average feed intake, average weight gain, and feed conversion). The treatments consisted of subunits of two, four, and eight feeding environments in the experimental units at disposal for the tadpole population, and one without subdivisions, comprising a single environment, during 60 experimental days. The design was completely randomized, with four treatments and three replications. The values were tested using an analysis of variance and Duncan test ( = 0.05). The growth in weight and length and the indices of animal performance were influenced by the number of feeding environments, with the best results found for the treatments with four and eight environments, and the worst, for the treatment with a single environment. The increased number of feeding environments may be an alternative to improve the performance of bullfrog tadpoles.(AU)

Alimentação íntegra a um conjunto de fatores que influenciam o crescimento e o desenvolvimento dos animais. Com isso, foi realizado o experimento com o objetivo de verificar pelo crescimento (peso e comprimento) e o desempenho (sobras diárias de ração, consumo médio de ração, ganho de peso médio e conversão alimentar) dos girinos de rã-touro a influência do número de ambientes de alimentação no desempenho de girinos de rã-touro. Os tratamentos foram subdivisões em dois, quatro e oito ambientes de alimentação das unidades experimentais em relação à população de girinos e um sem subdivisões com ْnico ambiente, durante 60 dias experimentais. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Os valores encontrados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Duncan ( = 0,05). O crescimento em peso e comprimento e os índices de desempenho zootécnicos foram influenciados pelo número de ambientes de alimentação, sendo que os melhores resultados foram para os tratamentos com quatro e oito ambientes e o piores para com ْnico ambiente. O aumento do nْmero de ambientes de alimentação pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar o desempenho dos girinos de rم-touro.(AU)

Liver histopathological changes in breeding bullfrogs - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i4.15981

In order to complement the histopathological study of juveniles and tadpoles of the bullfrog, Lithobathes catesbeianus, fed commercial diet used by frog farms in Rio de Janeiro, containing 40% crude protein, we performed necropsy and histopathology of the liver to establish a relationship between the quality of crude protein in the diet and animal health. For this, it was used twenty breeding male bullfrogs, with average weight 591.30 g (± 91.90 g) and length 165.02 mm (± 14.22 mm), and ten females with average weight and length of 629.80 g (± 134.47 g) and 169.32 mm (± 21.82 mm). The liver histopathology showed hyperemia, high number of melanomacrophages and cytoplasmic rarefaction, probably due to protein deficiency and fatty liver degeneration and presence of inflammatory processes. These lesions indicate a degenerative nutritional process. These findings suggest that the animals were fed with proteins of low biological value, indicating poor quality of feed, undermining the sanity. The impairment of liver function by these injuries will lead to reduced availability of precursors of sex hormones, since the liver is important in the metabolism of the same, and reproductive performance of these animals may be impaired.

Liver histopathological changes in breeding bullfrogs / Alterações histopatológicas do fígado de reprodutores de rã-touro

In order to complement the histopathological study of juveniles and tadpoles of the bullfrog, Lithobathes catesbeianus, fed commercial diet used by frog farms in Rio de Janeiro, containing 40% crude protein, we performed necropsy and histopathology of the liver to establish a relationship between the quality of crude protein in the diet and animal health. For this, it was used twenty breeding male bullfrogs, with average weight 591.30 g (± 91.90 g) and length 165.02 mm (± 14.22 mm), and ten females with average weight and length of 629.80 g (± 134.47 g) and 169.32 mm (± 21.82 mm). The liver histopathology showed hyperemia, high number of elanomacrophages and cytoplasmic rarefaction, probably due to protein deficiency and fatty liver degeneration and presence of inflammatory processes. These lesions indicate a degenerative nutritional process. These findings suggest that the animals were fed with proteins of low biological value, indicating poor quality of feed, undermining the sanity. The impairment of liver function by these injuries will lead to reduced availability of precursors of sex hormones, since the liver is important in the metabolism of the same, and reproductive performance of these animals may be impaired.

Em complementação ao estudo histopatológico de girinos e imagos da rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus, alimentados com ração comercial utilizada pelos ranários do Rio de Janeiro, contendo 40% de proteína bruta, realizou-se necropsia e histopatologia do fígado de reprodutores, procurando uma relação entre a qualidade de proteína bruta na ração e a sanidade do animal. Foram utilizados 20 reprodutores de rã-touro, dez machos com peso de 591,30 g (± 91,90 g) e comprimento médios de 165,02 mm (± 14,22 mm), e dez fêmeas com peso e comprimento médios de 629,80 g (± 134,47 g) e 169,32 mm (± 21,82 mm). Os resultados da histopatologia mostraram que o fígado dos reprodutores, tanto machos quanto fêmeas apresentavam hiperemia, grande número de melanomacrófagos e rarefação citoplasmática provavelmente por deficiência proteica e quadro de degeneração hepática gordurosa. Tais lesões indicam quadro degenerativo nutricional. Também presente processos inflamatórios focais. Estes achados sugerem uma alimentação com proteínas de baixo valor biológico, indicando má qualidade da ração, comprometendo sua sanidade. Pode-se inferir que o comprometimento das funções hepáticas, irá diminuir a disponibilidade de precursores dos hormônios sexuais, pois o fígado é importante na metabolização dos mesmos, e a performance reprodutiva destes animais poderá ser prejudicada.

Liver histopathological changes in breeding bullfrogs - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i4.15981

In order to complement the histopathological study of juveniles and tadpoles of the bullfrog, Lithobathes catesbeianus, fed commercial diet used by frog farms in Rio de Janeiro, containing 40% crude protein, we performed necropsy and histopathology of the liver to establish a relationship between the quality of crude protein in the diet and animal health. For this, it was used twenty breeding male bullfrogs, with average weight 591.30 g (± 91.90 g) and length 165.02 mm (± 14.22 mm), and ten females with average weight and length of 629.80 g (± 134.47 g) and 169.32 mm (± 21.82 mm). The liver histopathology showed hyperemia, high number of melanomacrophages and cytoplasmic rarefaction, probably due to protein deficiency and fatty liver degeneration and presence of inflammatory processes. These lesions indicate a degenerative nutritional process. These findings suggest that the animals were fed with proteins of low biological value, indicating poor quality of feed, undermining the sanity. The impairment of liver function by these injuries will lead to reduced availability of precursors of sex hormones, since the liver is important in the metabolism of the same, and reproductive performance of these animals may be impaired.