Clitoridectomy and urethrostomy in a pseudohermaphrodite dog

Background: Hermaphroditism is a rare congenital disease that causes ambiguous sexual features. True hermaphroditeshave testicular and ovarian tissue, whereas pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue and genitalia, butsecondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Pseudohermaphrodites are classified as male or female according to theirgonads. Treatment of pseudohermaphroditism consists of surgical removal of the gonads including reconstruction of abnormal genitalia, especially if the urethra is involved. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of a malepseudohermaphrodite in a dog treated with clitoridectomy with urethrostomy.Case: A 7-month-old, mixed-breed dog was referred due to the presence of a flaccid structure similar to a small penis,containing an os clitoris, bulbourethral glands, and urethra protruding from the vulva. Physical examination, completeblood count and serum biochemistry were within normal ranges. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 56.39 pg/mL, 127.9 ng/mL, and 0.892 ng/mL, respectively. The abdominal ultrasound and posteriorly theexploratory celiotomy found a normal size prostate and two round organs resembling testicles connected to a uterus-liketubular structure. The patient underwent surgical abdominal exploration that confirmed the ultrasonographic findings andled to gonadohysterectomy. Also, clitoridectomy and urethrostomy were performed to excise the protruded structure andmaintain normal urethral patency. The histopathological examination of the clitoris and penis confirmed it was a malegenital organ, however, the abdominal structures were compatible with the testicles, epididymis, uterus, and even a broadligament. These organs are normally found in cases of male pseudohermaphroditism. The...

Clitoridectomy and urethrostomy in a pseudohermaphrodite dog

Background: Hermaphroditism is a rare congenital disease that causes ambiguous sexual features. True hermaphroditeshave testicular and ovarian tissue, whereas pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue and genitalia, butsecondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Pseudohermaphrodites are classified as male or female according to theirgonads. Treatment of pseudohermaphroditism consists of surgical removal of the gonads including reconstruction of abnormal genitalia, especially if the urethra is involved. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of a malepseudohermaphrodite in a dog treated with clitoridectomy with urethrostomy.Case: A 7-month-old, mixed-breed dog was referred due to the presence of a flaccid structure similar to a small penis,containing an os clitoris, bulbourethral glands, and urethra protruding from the vulva. Physical examination, completeblood count and serum biochemistry were within normal ranges. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 56.39 pg/mL, 127.9 ng/mL, and 0.892 ng/mL, respectively. The abdominal ultrasound and posteriorly theexploratory celiotomy found a normal size prostate and two round organs resembling testicles connected to a uterus-liketubular structure. The patient underwent surgical abdominal exploration that confirmed the ultrasonographic findings andled to gonadohysterectomy. Also, clitoridectomy and urethrostomy were performed to excise the protruded structure andmaintain normal urethral patency. The histopathological examination of the clitoris and penis confirmed it was a malegenital organ, however, the abdominal structures were compatible with the testicles, epididymis, uterus, and even a broadligament. These organs are normally found in cases of male pseudohermaphroditism. The...(AU)

Open surgical thrombectomy and coronary stent placement for treatment of aortic thrombotic disease in a bitch

Background: The thrombotic aortic disease in dogs and cats is characterized by the pathological formation of blood clots that can rupture and obstruct the blood flow. Abdominal ultrasonography can identify the location and extension of thrombus in the main vasculature and using the doppler it is possible to observe the blood flow around the thrombus. Stents are expandable tube-shaped endoprosthesis characterized as a metal mesh and used to prevent or repair stenoses, allowing liquid, gas, or solids to flow. This report aims to describe the surgical and medical treatment of aortic thrombotic disease followed by coronary stents placement in a bitch. Case: An 8-year-old Shih Tzu bitch, presented for evaluation of a 1-month progressive hind limbs paresis. Nociception was present in both limbs, but the patient presented discomfort and vocalization when manipulating the pelvic limbs. A complete blood count demonstrated anemia, mild neutrophilia, and lymphopenia. Serum biochemistry found an increase in ALT, ALP, blood urea nitrogen, and CK. Abdominal ultrasonography detected mild bulging of the caudal aorta and trifurcation of the iliac arteries. Increased intraluminal echogenicity and absence of blood flow were also detected using duplex doppler. The initial medical treatment was ineffective in improving clinical signs, therefore surgical repair was performed. The aorta was isolated and clamped with Satinsky forceps and incised. The thrombus fragmented during removal. A non-compliant high-pressure balloon was used to dilated and remove small fragments of blood clots from the right and left external iliac arteries. Coronary stents of 32 mm length by 2.75 mm diameter were placed to keep both iliac arteries free. Immediately after the procedure, there was a detectable distal pulse in both hind limbs...

Open surgical thrombectomy and coronary stent placement for treatment of aortic thrombotic disease in a bitch

Background: The thrombotic aortic disease in dogs and cats is characterized by the pathological formation of blood clots that can rupture and obstruct the blood flow. Abdominal ultrasonography can identify the location and extension of thrombus in the main vasculature and using the doppler it is possible to observe the blood flow around the thrombus. Stents are expandable tube-shaped endoprosthesis characterized as a metal mesh and used to prevent or repair stenoses, allowing liquid, gas, or solids to flow. This report aims to describe the surgical and medical treatment of aortic thrombotic disease followed by coronary stents placement in a bitch. Case: An 8-year-old Shih Tzu bitch, presented for evaluation of a 1-month progressive hind limbs paresis. Nociception was present in both limbs, but the patient presented discomfort and vocalization when manipulating the pelvic limbs. A complete blood count demonstrated anemia, mild neutrophilia, and lymphopenia. Serum biochemistry found an increase in ALT, ALP, blood urea nitrogen, and CK. Abdominal ultrasonography detected mild bulging of the caudal aorta and trifurcation of the iliac arteries. Increased intraluminal echogenicity and absence of blood flow were also detected using duplex doppler. The initial medical treatment was ineffective in improving clinical signs, therefore surgical repair was performed. The aorta was isolated and clamped with Satinsky forceps and incised. The thrombus fragmented during removal. A non-compliant high-pressure balloon was used to dilated and remove small fragments of blood clots from the right and left external iliac arteries. Coronary stents of 32 mm length by 2.75 mm diameter were placed to keep both iliac arteries free. Immediately after the procedure, there was a detectable distal pulse in both hind limbs...(AU)

Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados em Palotina, Paraná, Brasil / Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in cats in the city of Palotina, Paraná, Brazil / Soroprevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii en gatos domiciliados en Palotina, Paraná, Brasil

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, sendo uma das parasitoses mais difundidas mundialmente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii em gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da UFPR e em clínicas veterinárias do município de Palotina. Foram analisadas 100 amostras de soro sanguíneo, por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e juntamente foi feito um levantamento epidemiológico por meio de questionário, respondido pelos proprietários dos animais, com relação as condições de vida dos felinos, com a finalidade de caracterizar fatores associados ao risco de infecção por T. gondii nos animais estudados. As informações obtidas foram analisadas pelo programa Epi Info 3,05. A prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii para a população analisada foi de 29% (29/100). Dentre as variáveis estudadas, o acesso à rua, a outras casas, ao telhado, a presença de pombos na residência, o hábito de caçar, o fato de comer restos de comida e a idade (acima de um ano), foram associadas significativamente com a presença da infecção pelo protozoário. As informações obtidas são relevantes para caracterizar fatores de risco e vias de transmissão da toxoplasmose nos animais estudados e elaborar estratégias para o controle e profilaxia da doença entre os felinos domésticos da região.(AU)

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the Toxoplasma gondii protozoan, being one of the most widespread parasitosis in the world. This study aimed at analyzing the prevalence of anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital from the Federal Univeristy of Paraná and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Palotina. A hundred serum samples were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF). An epidemiological survey was developed through a questionnaire answered by the animal owners regarding the life conditions of the animals with the purpose of characterizing factors associated with the risk of T. gondii infection in the studied animals. The information obtained was analyzed using the Epi Info 3.05 program. The prevalence found for anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies in the analyzed population was 29% (29/100). Among the studied variables, access to the street, to other houses, to the roof, presence of pigeons in the residence, hunting habit, eating leftovers and age (older than one) were significantly associated with the presence of the protozoan. The information obtained is relevant to characterize toxoplasmosis risk factors and transmission routes in the studied animals and to develop strategies for the control and prophylaxis of the disease among domestic cats in the region.(AU)

La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis causada por el protozoario Toxoplasma gondii, siendo una de las parasitosis más difundidas mundialmente. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-T. gondii en gatos atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario de la UFPR y en clínicas veterinarias del municipio de Palotina. Se analizaron 100 muestras de suero sanguíneo, a través de la reacción de Inmunofluorescencia indirecta (RIFI) y juntamente se hizo un levantamiento epidemiológico a través de cuestionario, contestado por los propietarios de los animales, con relación a las condiciones de vida de los felinos, con la finalidad de caracterizar factores asociados al riesgo de infección por T.gondii en los animales estudiados. Las informaciones obtenidas fueron analizadas por el programa Epi Info 3,05. La prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-T.gondii para la población analizada fue del 29% (29/100). Entre las variables estudiadas, el acceso a la calle, a otras casas, al tejado, la presencia de palomas en la residencia, el hábito de cazar, el hecho de comer restos de comida y la edad (por encima de un año), se asociaron significativamente con la presencia de la infección por el protozoario. Las informaciones obtenidas son relevantes para caracterizar factores de riesgo y vías de transmisión de la toxoplasmosis en los animales estudiados y elaborar estrategias para el control y profilaxis de la enfermedad entre los felinos domésticos de la región.(AU)

Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados em Palotina, Paraná, Brasil / Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in cats in the city of Palotina, Paraná, Brazil / Soroprevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii en gatos domiciliados en Palotina, Paraná, Brasil

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, sendo uma das parasitoses mais difundidas mundialmente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii em gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da UFPR e em clínicas veterinárias do município de Palotina. Foram analisadas 100 amostras de soro sanguíneo, por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e juntamente foi feito um levantamento epidemiológico por meio de questionário, respondido pelos proprietários dos animais, com relação as condições de vida dos felinos, com a finalidade de caracterizar fatores associados ao risco de infecção por T. gondii nos animais estudados. As informações obtidas foram analisadas pelo programa Epi Info 3,05. A prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii para a população analisada foi de 29% (29/100). Dentre as variáveis estudadas, o acesso à rua, a outras casas, ao telhado, a presença de pombos na residência, o hábito de caçar, o fato de comer restos de comida e a idade (acima de um ano), foram associadas significativamente com a presença da infecção pelo protozoário. As informações obtidas são relevantes para caracterizar fatores de risco e vias de transmissão da toxoplasmose nos animais estudados e elaborar estratégias para o controle e profilaxia da doença entre os felinos domésticos da região.(AU)

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the Toxoplasma gondii protozoan, being one of the most widespread parasitosis in the world. This study aimed at analyzing the prevalence of anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital from the Federal Univeristy of Paraná and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Palotina. A hundred serum samples were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF). An epidemiological survey was developed through a questionnaire answered by the animal owners regarding the life conditions of the animals with the purpose of characterizing factors associated with the risk of T. gondii infection in the studied animals. The information obtained was analyzed using the Epi Info 3.05 program. The prevalence found for anti-T.gondii IgG antibodies in the analyzed population was 29% (29/100). Among the studied variables, access to the street, to other houses, to the roof, presence of pigeons in the residence, hunting habit, eating leftovers and age (older than one) were significantly associated with the presence of the protozoan. The information obtained is relevant to characterize toxoplasmosis risk factors and transmission routes in the studied animals and to develop strategies for the control and prophylaxis of the disease among domestic cats in the region.(AU)

La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis causada por el protozoario Toxoplasma gondii, siendo una de las parasitosis más difundidas mundialmente. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-T. gondii en gatos atendidos en el Hospital Veterinario de la UFPR y en clínicas veterinarias del municipio de Palotina. Se analizaron 100 muestras de suero sanguíneo, a través de la reacción de Inmunofluorescencia indirecta (RIFI) y juntamente se hizo un levantamiento epidemiológico a través de cuestionario, contestado por los propietarios de los animales, con relación a las condiciones de vida de los felinos, con la finalidad de caracterizar factores asociados al riesgo de infección por T.gondii en los animales estudiados. Las informaciones obtenidas fueron analizadas por el programa Epi Info 3,05. La prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-T.gondii para la población analizada fue del 29% (29/100). Entre las variables estudiadas, el acceso a la calle, a otras casas, al tejado, la presencia de palomas en la residencia, el hábito de cazar, el hecho de comer restos de comida y la edad (por encima de un año), se asociaron significativamente con la presencia de la infección por el protozoario. Las informaciones obtenidas son relevantes para caracterizar factores de riesgo y vías de transmisión de la toxoplasmosis en los animales estudiados y elaborar estrategias para el control y profilaxis de la enfermedad entre los felinos domésticos de la región.(AU)