Impact of high-fat diet consumption during prolonged period of pregnancy on placenta structures and umbilical vascular growth in goats

This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated.(AU)

Glycerin supplementation strategies for three or seven days affects oxidative stress, follicle dynamics and ovulatory response in Morada Nova sheep

The Ziwuling black goat is an indigenously in China, their offspring are frequently affected by congenital cryptorchidism. The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains cytokines and growth factors that regulate the development of the testis, and component changes often result in pathological changes. Cryptorchidism is closely related to structural changes in ECM. In this study, the histochemical staining, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and Western blot combined with semi-quantitative analysis was used to describe the distribution of the important ECM components Collagen type IV (Col IV), laminin (LN)and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the normal and cryptorchid testes of Ziwuling black goats. Results showed that: The histochemical staining showed that the dysplasia of seminiferous tubules and decreased number of Sertoli cells in cryptorchidism, as well as sparse collagen fiber. Meanwhile, the distribution of reticular fibers is relatively rich. Furthermore, the PAS and AB staining in the interstitial vessels and lamina propria of seminiferous tubules is weak. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence revealed that Col IV, LN was strongly expressed in Leydig, Sertoli cells of normal testes and moderately positive in the spermatogonia and spermatids, but HSPG was not expressed in the spermatogonia. However, cryptorchidism, the expression of Col IV, LN and HPSG in Leydig, Sertoli cells significantly decreased, as well as the expression of Col IV and LN in capillary endothelial cells, but HSPG was moderately expressed in spermatogonia. Based on these data, the underdevelopment of spermatogenic epithelium, decreased synthesis function of collagen fibers and Leydig cells develop usually in the cryptorchidism were shown to be closely related to the abnormal metabolism of Col IV and LN. The positive expressed of HSPG in the spermatogonia of cryptorchid testes is related to the compensatory development of spermatogonia.(AU)

Principal component analysis on fatty acid composition of the meat deriving from calves, young bull and bull of Maremmana breed slaughtered at different age / Análise de componentes principais na composição de ácidos graxos da carne provenientes de vitelos, novilhos e touros da raça Maremmana abatidos em idades diferentes

This study evaluated the performance at slaughtering of calves; young bull and bull of Maremmana breed, and compared, through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on fatty acid composition, the characteristics of the resulting meat categories: veal, young bull meat and bull meat. The Maremmana cattle is a local endangered breed deriving from Tuscany and Latium. The animals of this study were raised under same conditions in pasture with hay and concentrate supplementations. Eighteen calves of 12-14 months, 27 young bulls of 18 months and 14 bulls of 20-24 months were slaughtered in this trial. The performances at slaughtering were considered, and on the meat samples, the chemical analysis and the fatty acid composition were carried out. Results were submitted to ANOVA and PCA, and a Heat map that considered the fatty acid distances among meat typologies was built. Slaughtering performances were better in young bulls and bulls. Chemical composition didnt differ among meat categories. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were similar among meats, but Monounsaturated (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower in veal. Desirable fatty acids and Healthy Indices were better in veal. The results of PCA and Heat map confirmed that veal was quite different from other meats. Maremmana meat deriving from animals of different age has shown overall good characteristics, suitable for the diet of western country population.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho no abate de bezerros, novilhos e touros da raça Maremmana, e comparar, por meio de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), a composição de ácidos graxos e as características da carne das diferentes categorias: bezerro, novilho e touro. Os animais deste estudo foram criados nas mesmas condições em pastagem com suplementação de feno e concentrado. Foram utilizados 18 vitelos abatidos aos 12-14 meses, 27 novilhos abatidos aos 18 meses e 14 touros abatidos aos 20-24 meses. Sucessivamente foi analisado o desempenho ao abate e as características nutricionais e físico-químicas do Musculus longissimus dorsi. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Os parâmetros de abate foram melhores em novilhos e touros. A idade ao abate não afetou as características químicas da carne. Não houve diferença em relação à porcentagem de ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), mas a carne de vitela apresentou menor teor de monoinsaturados (MUFA) e poliinsaturados (PUFA). Os ácidos graxos desejáveis e os índices de saúde foram melhores na carne de vitela. A composição de ácidos graxos foi utilizada também, na análise multivariada dos componentes principais e no mapa de calor, como variável discriminatória para os três categorias de carne; essas análises confirmaram que o produto cárneo de vitela é diferente de outros tipos. A carne de Maremmana proveniente de animais de diferentes faixas etárias mostrou boas características gerais, adequadas para a dieta da população do país ocidental.(AU)

Effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy as a non-invasive tool to discriminate spectral profiles of in vitro cultured oocytes from goats

Abstract Here, we aimed to discriminate between the spectral profiles of spent culture media after oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) from goats of different ages subjected to repeated hormonal treatments. The profiles were discriminated using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods. A total of 19 goats (young = 10; old = 9) were subjected to serial hormonal stimulation (HS) with gonadotropins. Cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) were collected using laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) and subjected to IVM and parthenogenetic activation. The initial embryos were subjected to IVC. Spent culture media were collected after oocyte IVM and on day 2 of IVC and analyzed using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectral data were interpreted through chemometric methods, such as principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PCA analysis clearly showed a separation in the spectral profiles between the experimental groups (HS sessions; young and old animals) both after IVM and IVC. Overall, the main absorption bands were attributed to the C-H group second overtone, first overtone of O-H and N-H, and C-H combinations and may serve as molecular markers. On the other hand, the spectral data obtained using PLS-DA models provided a better classification of the groups. The results showed the possibility of discriminating young and old groups as well as the three HS sessions with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy using NIR spectra. Thus, the culture medium analysis using NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods indicated the dissimilarities between the groups and provided an insight into the in vitro development of goat oocytes. This technique serves as an efficient, objective, rapid, and non-invasive method to discriminate spectral profiles.

Effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy as a non-invasive tool to discriminate spectral profiles of in vitro cultured oocytes from goats

Here, we aimed to discriminate between the spectral profiles of spent culture media after oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) from goats of different ages subjected to repeated hormonal treatments. The profiles were discriminated using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods. A total of 19 goats (young = 10; old = 9) were subjected to serial hormonal stimulation (HS) with gonadotropins. Cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) were collected using laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) and subjected to IVM and parthenogenetic activation. The initial embryos were subjected to IVC. Spent culture media were collected after oocyte IVM and on day 2 of IVC and analyzed using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectral data were interpreted through chemometric methods, such as principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PCA analysis clearly showed a separation in the spectral profiles between the experimental groups (HS sessions; young and old animals) both after IVM and IVC. Overall, the main absorption bands were attributed to the C-H group second overtone, first overtone of O-H and N-H, and C-H combinations and may serve as molecular markers. On the other hand, the spectral data obtained using PLS-DA models provided a better classification of the groups. The results showed the possibility of discriminating young and old groups as well as the three HS sessions with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy using NIR spectra. Thus, the culture medium analysis using NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods indicated the dissimilarities between the groups and provided an insight into the in vitro development of goat oocytes. This technique serves as an efficient, objective, rapid, and non-invasive method to discriminate spectral profiles.(AU)

Impact of hypotensive action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on ovarian-intraovarian blood flow and follicles development in goats hormonally stimulated with repeated FSH-ECG treatment

Background: Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in important reproductiveprocesses, such as steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation. Several studies have proposed touse an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a RAS modulator, aiming to improve reproductive efficiency, however,the presence of the main components of this system in reproductive tissues still need to be further investigated, since thephysiological functions seem to be species-specific. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of enalapril-maleate,an ACE inhibitor, during repeated gonadotropins treatment on ovarian blood flow and follicular development in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty Anglo-Nubian cross-bred goats were equally grouped according to parity (n= 10/group): nulliparous and multiparous parity. In each group, five animals were randomly selected to receive 0.4 mg.kg-1 ofenalapril-maleate during 11 days of estrus synchronization and gonadotropins treatments. The other animals received thesame volume of saline solution. Estrus synchronization of all goats was made by intramuscular ad-ministration of PGF2αanalog, followed 48 h later by intravaginal insertion of a controlled internal drug release device. Forty-eight h after devicewithdrawal, a single dose of 60 mg of FSH plus 300 UI of eCG was administered and repeated every 4 days to complete 3treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed using pulsed and color Doppler to evaluate Doppler velocimetricsparameters of the ovarian artery and intraovarian blood flow, respec-tively, and B-mode real-time ultrasound scanner toevaluate the follicular development. In the females treated with enalapril-maleate was observed a significant reduction ofsystolic and diastolic peak, without difference according to parity. In addition, in the third session of hor-monal stimulation,only the groups (nulliparous and multiparous) not treated with...(AU)

Impact of hypotensive action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on ovarian-intraovarian blood flow and follicles development in goats hormonally stimulated with repeated FSH-ECG treatment

Background: Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in important reproductiveprocesses, such as steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation. Several studies have proposed touse an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a RAS modulator, aiming to improve reproductive efficiency, however,the presence of the main components of this system in reproductive tissues still need to be further investigated, since thephysiological functions seem to be species-specific. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of enalapril-maleate,an ACE inhibitor, during repeated gonadotropins treatment on ovarian blood flow and follicular development in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty Anglo-Nubian cross-bred goats were equally grouped according to parity (n= 10/group): nulliparous and multiparous parity. In each group, five animals were randomly selected to receive 0.4 mg.kg-1 ofenalapril-maleate during 11 days of estrus synchronization and gonadotropins treatments. The other animals received thesame volume of saline solution. Estrus synchronization of all goats was made by intramuscular ad-ministration of PGF2αanalog, followed 48 h later by intravaginal insertion of a controlled internal drug release device. Forty-eight h after devicewithdrawal, a single dose of 60 mg of FSH plus 300 UI of eCG was administered and repeated every 4 days to complete 3treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed using pulsed and color Doppler to evaluate Doppler velocimetricsparameters of the ovarian artery and intraovarian blood flow, respec-tively, and B-mode real-time ultrasound scanner toevaluate the follicular development. In the females treated with enalapril-maleate was observed a significant reduction ofsystolic and diastolic peak, without difference according to parity. In addition, in the third session of hor-monal stimulation,only the groups (nulliparous and multiparous) not treated with...

Produtos da cadeia produtiva da carnaubeira e seus efeitos na alimentação animal / Products of the wax palm production chain and their effects on animal feeding

A carnaubeira, planta nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, merece grande destaque em relação às suas possibilidades de uso, a partir dos seus diferentes produtos, especialmente quando utilizados na alimentação animal. Desta forma, o objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar as diversas aplicações dos diferentes produtos obtidos da carnaubeira, com ênfase nos seus efeitos quando utilizados na alimentação animal. Dentre os produtos, subprodutos e coprodutos obtidos da carnaubeira, pode-se citar a cera (principal produto do extrativismo desta planta), a bagana (palha resultante da extração da cera da folha da carnaubeira), raízes, caule e fruto. As aplicações de tais produtos são as mais diversas, desde seu uso nas diferentes indústrias, artesanato, construção civil, até seu uso na indústria farmacêutica. Em relação às possibilidades de uso na alimentação animal, já se observam relatos de uso dos diferentes produtos da carnaubeira, onde apenas as folhas apresentaram sinais de intoxicação, quando administradas a bovinos e caprinos. Os demais produtos oriundos da carnaubeira (cera, bagana e fruto) não apresentaram tais efeitos, variando entre respostas positivas e negativas, quanto à melhoria dos diversos parâmetros avaliados. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que, a utilização dos produtos oriundos da carnaubeira na alimentação animal e suas perspectivas de uso se mostram promissoras.

Palm wax, a native plant to the Northeast of Brazil, deserves great attention in relation to its possibilities of use from its different products, especially when used in animal feed. Thus, the objective of this review was to present the different applications of the different products obtained from wax palm, with emphasis on their effects when used in animal feed. Among the products, byproducts and coproducts obtained from the palm wax, mention the wax, the main product of the extractivism of this plant, the straw, resulting from the extraction of wax from the wax palm leaf, roots, stem and fruit. The applications of such products are very diverse, from their use in different industries, handicrafts, civil construction, until their use in the pharmaceutical industry. Regarding the possibilities of use in animal feeding, there are already reports of use of the different products of wax palm, where only the leaves showed signs of intoxication when administered to cattle and goats. The other products derived from wax palm (wax, straw and fruit) did not present such effects, varying between positive and negative responses regarding the improvement of the various parameters evaluated. In this way, concluded that the use of the products derived from wax palm in animal feed, their perspectives of use show promising.

Fluido amniótico, alternativa eficiente para obtenção de células-tronco mesenquimais multipotentes / Amniotic fluid, efficient alternative to obtain multipotent mesenchymal stem cells

Na última década houve um crescente interesse na investigação quanto à presença de células-tronco no fluido amniótico, devido a facilidade de obtenção, isolamento e cultivo in vitro. Além disso, a utilização do fluido como fonte de células-tronco possibilita a obtenção de células com alto grau de indiferenciação e elevada taxa de proliferação in vitro e grande capacidade de diferenciação. Todas estas vantagens tornam o líquido amniótico uma fonte atrativa de células-tronco para utilização em biotecnologias reprodutivas, como a clonagem e transgênese, bem como ensaios clínicos e terapias celulares em animais para posterior utilização em seres humanos. Este artigo apresenta um panorama da pesquisa científica com células-tronco derivadas do fluido amniótico no mundo, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros.

In the last decade there has been a growing interest in investigation of presence of stem cells in amniotic fluid due to the ease of obtaining, isolating and in vitro culture. In addition, the use of amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells makes it possible to obtain cells with a high degree of indifferentiation and a high rate of in vitro proliferation and a great capacity for differentiation. All of these advantages make amniotic fluid an attractive source of stem cells for use in reproductive biotechnologies, such as cloning and transgenesis, as well as clinical trials in animals for further use in humans. This article presents a panorama of the scientific research with stem cells derived from amniotic fluid in the world, from a bibliographical survey of scientific articles of Brazilian and foreign researchers.

Fluido amniótico, alternativa eficiente para obtenção de células-tronco mesenquimais multipotentes / Amniotic fluid, efficient alternative to obtain multipotent mesenchymal stem cells

Na última década houve um crescente interesse na investigação quanto à presença de células-tronco no fluido amniótico, devido a facilidade de obtenção, isolamento e cultivo in vitro. Além disso, a utilização do fluido como fonte de células-tronco possibilita a obtenção de células com alto grau de indiferenciação e elevada taxa de proliferação in vitro e grande capacidade de diferenciação. Todas estas vantagens tornam o líquido amniótico uma fonte atrativa de células-tronco para utilização em biotecnologias reprodutivas, como a clonagem e transgênese, bem como ensaios clínicos e terapias celulares em animais para posterior utilização em seres humanos. Este artigo apresenta um panorama da pesquisa científica com células-tronco derivadas do fluido amniótico no mundo, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros.(AU)

In the last decade there has been a growing interest in investigation of presence of stem cells in amniotic fluid due to the ease of obtaining, isolating and in vitro culture. In addition, the use of amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells makes it possible to obtain cells with a high degree of indifferentiation and a high rate of in vitro proliferation and a great capacity for differentiation. All of these advantages make amniotic fluid an attractive source of stem cells for use in reproductive biotechnologies, such as cloning and transgenesis, as well as clinical trials in animals for further use in humans. This article presents a panorama of the scientific research with stem cells derived from amniotic fluid in the world, from a bibliographical survey of scientific articles of Brazilian and foreign researchers. (AU)

Produtos da cadeia produtiva da carnaubeira e seus efeitos na alimentação animal / Products of the wax palm production chain and their effects on animal feeding

A carnaubeira, planta nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, merece grande destaque em relação às suas possibilidades de uso, a partir dos seus diferentes produtos, especialmente quando utilizados na alimentação animal. Desta forma, o objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar as diversas aplicações dos diferentes produtos obtidos da carnaubeira, com ênfase nos seus efeitos quando utilizados na alimentação animal. Dentre os produtos, subprodutos e coprodutos obtidos da carnaubeira, pode-se citar a cera (principal produto do extrativismo desta planta), a bagana (palha resultante da extração da cera da folha da carnaubeira), raízes, caule e fruto. As aplicações de tais produtos são as mais diversas, desde seu uso nas diferentes indústrias, artesanato, construção civil, até seu uso na indústria farmacêutica. Em relação às possibilidades de uso na alimentação animal, já se observam relatos de uso dos diferentes produtos da carnaubeira, onde apenas as folhas apresentaram sinais de intoxicação, quando administradas a bovinos e caprinos. Os demais produtos oriundos da carnaubeira (cera, bagana e fruto) não apresentaram tais efeitos, variando entre respostas positivas e negativas, quanto à melhoria dos diversos parâmetros avaliados. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que, a utilização dos produtos oriundos da carnaubeira na alimentação animal e suas perspectivas de uso se mostram promissoras.(AU)

Palm wax, a native plant to the Northeast of Brazil, deserves great attention in relation to its possibilities of use from its different products, especially when used in animal feed. Thus, the objective of this review was to present the different applications of the different products obtained from wax palm, with emphasis on their effects when used in animal feed. Among the products, byproducts and coproducts obtained from the palm wax, mention the wax, the main product of the extractivism of this plant, the straw, resulting from the extraction of wax from the wax palm leaf, roots, stem and fruit. The applications of such products are very diverse, from their use in different industries, handicrafts, civil construction, until their use in the pharmaceutical industry. Regarding the possibilities of use in animal feeding, there are already reports of use of the different products of wax palm, where only the leaves showed signs of intoxication when administered to cattle and goats. The other products derived from wax palm (wax, straw and fruit) did not present such effects, varying between positive and negative responses regarding the improvement of the various parameters evaluated. In this way, concluded that the use of the products derived from wax palm in animal feed, their perspectives of use show promising.(AU)

Espectroscopia NIR e análise multivariada aplicadas à identificação de grupos espectrais de células tronco derivadas do fluido amniótico de caprinos / NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis applied to the identification of spectrum groups of trunk cells derived from goats amniotic fluid

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo preditivo através de técnica multivariada para diferenciar meios de cultivo de células-tronco cultivadas in vitro e criopreservadas de acordo com os perfis de absorbância obtidas por NIR. Para tanto, foram coletados meios de cultivo de células-tronco oriundo do fluido amniótico de fetos caprinos, antes e após o processo de criopreservação por vitrificarão, e submetidos à análise pelo NIR. Foi possível estimar com alta acurácia o tratamento empregado nas amostras, gerando uma impressão digital dos meios de cultivo in vitro de células criopreservadas ou não.

The objective of this work was to develop a predictive model through a multivariate technique to differentiate culture media from stem cells cultured in vitro and cryopreserved according to the absorbance profiles obtained by NIR. For this purpose, culture media were collected from stem cells from the amniotic fluid of goat fetuses, before and after cryopreservation by vitrification, and submitted to NIR analysis. It was possible to estimate with high accuracy the treatment used in the samples, generating a fingerprint of in vitro culture media of cryopreserved cells or not.

Espectroscopia NIR e análise multivariada aplicadas à identificação de grupos espectrais de células tronco derivadas do fluido amniótico de caprinos / NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis applied to the identification of spectrum groups of trunk cells derived from goats amniotic fluid

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo preditivo através de técnica multivariada para diferenciar meios de cultivo de células-tronco cultivadas in vitro e criopreservadas de acordo com os perfis de absorbância obtidas por NIR. Para tanto, foram coletados meios de cultivo de células-tronco oriundo do fluido amniótico de fetos caprinos, antes e após o processo de criopreservação por vitrificarão, e submetidos à análise pelo NIR. Foi possível estimar com alta acurácia o tratamento empregado nas amostras, gerando uma impressão digital dos meios de cultivo in vitro de células criopreservadas ou não.(AU)

The objective of this work was to develop a predictive model through a multivariate technique to differentiate culture media from stem cells cultured in vitro and cryopreserved according to the absorbance profiles obtained by NIR. For this purpose, culture media were collected from stem cells from the amniotic fluid of goat fetuses, before and after cryopreservation by vitrification, and submitted to NIR analysis. It was possible to estimate with high accuracy the treatment used in the samples, generating a fingerprint of in vitro culture media of cryopreserved cells or not.(AU)

Physicochemical characteristics and gene expression of meat from does fed with dried carnauba wax palm fruit / Características físico-químicas e expressão gênica da carne de cabras alimentadas com fruto da carnaúba desidratado

This trial was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effect of feeding dried carnauba wax palm fruit on the quality of goat meat. Initially, the animals were divided into two groups: a control group, fed with ground corn-based concentrate, and a treatment group, fed with dried carnauba wax palm fruit included in the concentrate. After 28 days of feeding, the animals were slaughtered, and different muscles (Longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus) were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile, and expression of some genes related to meat quality. The diet with carnauba wax palm fruit does not interfere in the chemical composition of the meat in terms of moisture content, protein, fat, pH, and meat color. On the other hand, palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids presented differences between muscles in the group fed carnauba wax palm fruit. The treatment with carnauba wax palm fruit reduces the expression of genes related to lipogenesis and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting the production of a tender meat with lower cholesterol content. The inclusion of carnauba wax palm fruit in the diet of does maintained the physicochemical characteristics of the loin and leg, and it reduced the expression of the analyzed genes, suggesting improvement in meat quality.(AU)

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão do fruto da carnaúba desidratado na alimentação de cabras sobre a qualidade da carne. Inicialmente, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: um grupo controle, alimentado com concentrado tendo o milho como base alimentar, e um grupo tratamento, no qual se incluiu o fruto da carnaúba desidratado em substituição ao milho. Após 28 dias de alimentação, os animais foram abatidos e diferentes músculos (Longissimus lumborum e Semimembranoso) foram avaliados quanto às características físico-químicas, perfil de ácidos graxos e expressão de alguns genes relacionados à qualidade da carne. Observou-se que a inclusão do fruto da carnaúba desidratado não interferiu na composição química da carne em termos de umidade, proteína, gordura, pH e coloração. Por outro lado, os níveis de ácido palmítico (C16:0) e linoleico (C18:2) apresentaram diferenças entre os músculos do grupo alimentado com o fruto da carnaúba desidratada. O tratamento com fruto da carnaúba desidratado reduziu a expressão de genes relacionados com os processos de lipogênese e metabolismo do colesterol, sugerindo a produção de uma carne tenra e com menor teor de colesterol. A inclusão de fruto da carnaúba desidratado na dieta de cabras manteve as características físico-químicas dos músculos avaliados e reduziu a expressão dos genes analisados, sugerindo uma melhora na qualidade da carne.(AU)

Efeito do DMSO e glicerol na criopreservação de células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de líquido amniótico de fetos caprinos / Effect of DMSO and glycerol in criopreservation of mesenquimial trunk cells derived from amniotic fluid of caprine fetus

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade e taxa de proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do líquido amniótico (LA) após cultivo in vitro, e o efeito de dois agentes crioprotetores. Foram utilizadas 9 cabras prenhes. As amostras foram colhidas de fetos caprinos por laparotomia, e delas obtidos as (CTMs) e submetidas ao cultivo in vitro. Posteriormente, uma fração das células foi criopreservada em meio DMSO (dimetilsulfóxido) ou glicerol e vitrificadas para posterior avaliação da viabilidade. O meio DMSO promoveu melhores taxas de sobrevida celular preservando as características de pluripotencialidade e de replicação in vitro.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the viability and proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from amniotic fluid (LA) after in vitro culture, and the effect of two cryoprotective agents. 9 pregnant goats were used. The samples were collected from goat fetuses by laparotomy, and from them (CTMs) were obtained and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, a fraction of the cells were cryopreserved in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) or glycerol medium and vitrified for further evaluation of viability. The DMSO medium promoted better cell survival rates while preserving the characteristics of pluripotency and replication in vitro.

Efeito do escore da condição corporal materna no desenvolvimento in vitro das células tronco mesenquimais do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos / Effect of the score of maternal body condition in the in vitro development of the mesenquimal trunk cells in the umbilical cord of caprine fetes

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do escore da condição corporal (ECC) materno sobre a capacidade de isolamento, expansão e caracterização de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos. Para tanto, dezenove cabras mestiças adultas, pluríparas foram agrupadas de acordo com o ECC, atribuindo-se um escore de 1-5, (GB) grupo baixo com menor ECC, (2,3±0,1, GB, n = 9) e (GA) grupo alto com maior ECC (2,9±0,1, GA, n = 10). Durante o parto, fragmentos do cordão umbilical foram coletados e cultivados in vitro e avaliados a taxa de proliferação celular. Nenhum efeito significativo do ECC foi encontrado para os parâmetros considerados.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the maternal body condition score (ECC) on the ability to isolate, expand and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from the umbilical cord of goat fetuses. Nineteen crossbred adult crossbred goats were grouped according to ECC, giving a score of 1-5 (GB) low group with lower ECC, (2.3±0.1, GB, n = 9 ) and (GA) high group with higher ECC (2.9±0.1, GA, n = 10). During delivery, umbilical cord fragments were collected and cultured in vitro and the rate of cell proliferation was evaluated. No significant effect of ECC was found for the parameters considered.

Indução do estro pós-parto de cabras suplementadas com diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados / Induction of the post-breeding stem of additional goats with different sources of polynesaturated fatty acids

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados sobre a resposta à indução do estro pós-parto em cabras. Trinta e oito cabras prenhes, homogêneas em peso escore e idade, foram divididas em três grupos alimentares: Grupo Controle (GC), Linhaça (GL) e Alga (GA). O estro foi sincronizado aos 40 dias pós-parição e foram avaliadas a taxa de sincronização, taxa de ovulação e a funcionalidade do corpo lúteo. Os animais do GA, 76,9% apresentaram estro após o protocolo hormonal, superior aos 33,3% do GC. O GL não diferiu estatisticamente de GC e GA, com uma taxa de 57,9%. A taxa de ovulação e a área luteal não foram influenciadas pelas diferentes dietas experimentais.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the response to induction of postpartum estrus in goats. Thirty-eight pregnant goats, homogeneous in weight and age, were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), Linseed (GL) and Algae (GA). Estrus was synchronized at 40 days postpartum and the synchronization rate, ovulation rate and corpus luteum function were evaluated. The GA animals, 76.9% presented estrus after the hormonal protocol, superior to 33.3% of the CG. The GL did not differ statistically from GC and GA, with a rate of 57.9%. The ovulation rate and the luteal area were not influenced by the different experimental diets.

Efeito do DMSO e glicerol na criopreservação de células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de líquido amniótico de fetos caprinos / Effect of DMSO and glycerol in criopreservation of mesenquimial trunk cells derived from amniotic fluid of caprine fetus

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade e taxa de proliferação de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do líquido amniótico (LA) após cultivo in vitro, e o efeito de dois agentes crioprotetores. Foram utilizadas 9 cabras prenhes. As amostras foram colhidas de fetos caprinos por laparotomia, e delas obtidos as (CTMs) e submetidas ao cultivo in vitro. Posteriormente, uma fração das células foi criopreservada em meio DMSO (dimetilsulfóxido) ou glicerol e vitrificadas para posterior avaliação da viabilidade. O meio DMSO promoveu melhores taxas de sobrevida celular preservando as características de pluripotencialidade e de replicação in vitro.(AU)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the viability and proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from amniotic fluid (LA) after in vitro culture, and the effect of two cryoprotective agents. 9 pregnant goats were used. The samples were collected from goat fetuses by laparotomy, and from them (CTMs) were obtained and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, a fraction of the cells were cryopreserved in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) or glycerol medium and vitrified for further evaluation of viability. The DMSO medium promoted better cell survival rates while preserving the characteristics of pluripotency and replication in vitro.(AU)

Efeito do escore da condição corporal materna no desenvolvimento in vitro das células tronco mesenquimais do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos / Effect of the score of maternal body condition in the in vitro development of the mesenquimal trunk cells in the umbilical cord of caprine fetes

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do escore da condição corporal (ECC) materno sobre a capacidade de isolamento, expansão e caracterização de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) derivadas do cordão umbilical de fetos caprinos. Para tanto, dezenove cabras mestiças adultas, pluríparas foram agrupadas de acordo com o ECC, atribuindo-se um escore de 1-5, (GB) grupo baixo com menor ECC, (2,3±0,1, GB, n = 9) e (GA) grupo alto com maior ECC (2,9±0,1, GA, n = 10). Durante o parto, fragmentos do cordão umbilical foram coletados e cultivados in vitro e avaliados a taxa de proliferação celular. Nenhum efeito significativo do ECC foi encontrado para os parâmetros considerados.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the maternal body condition score (ECC) on the ability to isolate, expand and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MTCs) derived from the umbilical cord of goat fetuses. Nineteen crossbred adult crossbred goats were grouped according to ECC, giving a score of 1-5 (GB) low group with lower ECC, (2.3±0.1, GB, n = 9 ) and (GA) high group with higher ECC (2.9±0.1, GA, n = 10). During delivery, umbilical cord fragments were collected and cultured in vitro and the rate of cell proliferation was evaluated. No significant effect of ECC was found for the parameters considered.(AU)

Indução do estro pós-parto de cabras suplementadas com diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados / Induction of the post-breeding stem of additional goats with different sources of polynesaturated fatty acids

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados sobre a resposta à indução do estro pós-parto em cabras. Trinta e oito cabras prenhes, homogêneas em peso escore e idade, foram divididas em três grupos alimentares: Grupo Controle (GC), Linhaça (GL) e Alga (GA). O estro foi sincronizado aos 40 dias pós-parição e foram avaliadas a taxa de sincronização, taxa de ovulação e a funcionalidade do corpo lúteo. Os animais do GA, 76,9% apresentaram estro após o protocolo hormonal, superior aos 33,3% do GC. O GL não diferiu estatisticamente de GC e GA, com uma taxa de 57,9%. A taxa de ovulação e a área luteal não foram influenciadas pelas diferentes dietas experimentais.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the response to induction of postpartum estrus in goats. Thirty-eight pregnant goats, homogeneous in weight and age, were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG), Linseed (GL) and Algae (GA). Estrus was synchronized at 40 days postpartum and the synchronization rate, ovulation rate and corpus luteum function were evaluated. The GA animals, 76.9% presented estrus after the hormonal protocol, superior to 33.3% of the CG. The GL did not differ statistically from GC and GA, with a rate of 57.9%. The ovulation rate and the luteal area were not influenced by the different experimental diets.(AU)