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This study presents a qualitative analysis of endangered species occurrences in conservation units of Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest Brazilian municipalities in population size. Increasing human activities trigger changes in biodiversity, promote fragmentation, and reduce species distribution ranges, which can ultimately lead to declines in population sizes. One of the main goals of protected areas (PAs), such as conservation units, is to protect and conserve biodiversity. Here, we compiled all vascular plant species recorded within Rio de Janeiro PAs by consulting the Reference Center for Environmental Information (SpeciesLink), Flora do Brasil (2020), and primary data records contained in management plans. We compared this compilation with the list of Brazilian endangered plant species, verifying whether the management plans presented specific programs for these species. Of the 60 surveyed PAs, 24 had records of endangered species and only 17 had management plans, 14 of which had a specific program that contemplated the monitoring and/or conservation of endangered species. A total of 70 endangered species were recorded. The highest numbers of endangered species were found in the Tijuca National Park (41) and the Pedra Branca State Park (17), the two largest PAs with the two largest forest fragments. Despite the high number of endangered species and the number of protected areas that harbor them, few internal programs address endangered species conservation and management. Thus, efforts to maintain endangered species in protected areas can be aided by field data collections that confirm their occurrence and maintenance in these PAs.(AU)

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Lafora's disease is a genetic disease associated to mutations in genes that encodes laforin and malin, which results in intracellular polyglucan storage. The present report describes a case of Lafora's disease in a toco toucan with episodes of incoordination and myoclonus that resulted in traumatic lesions and fracture of the left hindlimb. The bird was euthanized and submitted to necropsy. Microscopically there were abundant PAS-positive and diastasis-resistant Lafora's inclusion bodies in neurons in the cerebellum, supporting the diagnosis of Lafora's disease.(AU)

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A male adult ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) kept under human care developed anuria, which progressed to death. Grossly, the urinary bladder was markedly dilated and filled with red discolored urine containing blood clots. In addition, the animal had a hepatoid cell adenoma adjacent to the urethra, which likely caused partial urethral occlusion. Microscopically, there was a predominantly neutrophilic, fibrinous and hemorrhagic urethritis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis with intralesional gram-positive cocci. Microbiologic culture followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis resulted in the identification of isolates from the urine and urethra as Staphylococcus felis.(AU)

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O presente trabalho tem como proposta avaliar os riscos e possíveis irregularidades nas padarias do município de Itabela-BA que podem interferir de forma direta ou indireta na saúde da população e mostrar a importância da Vigilância Sanitária municipal para o processo de inspeção e orientação desses estabelecimentos. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa documental na Vigilância Sanitária no município de Itabela/BA. Foi realizado um levantamento de documentos do ano de 2015, que foram analisados criticamente. Constatou-se que as padarias pesquisadas apresentam um déficit em relação à higiene e segurança no processo de manipulação de alimentos, sendo que a presença da Vigilância Sanitária realizando um acompanhamento e orientação dos proprietários e funcionários das padarias é de fundamental importância para oferecer à sociedade Itabelense alimentos adequados para a venda e o consumo.(AU)

The present study has the proposal to evaluate the risks and possible irregularities in the bakeries of Itabela-BA that can directly or indirectly interfere in the health of the population and demonstrate the importance of municipal Sanitary Surveillance for the inspection and guidance process of these establishments. The study was conducted through a documentary research, carried out at the Sanitary Surveillance in the city of Itabela/BA. A survey of documents was carried out in the year 2015, which was analyzed critically. It was found that the bakeries surveyed have a deficit in relation to hygiene and safety in the food handling process. The presence of the Health Surveillance monitoring and guiding bakery owners and employees is of fundamental importance to offer the Itabelense society suitable products for the sale and consumption.(AU)

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The discovery of new natural additives from agro-industrial waste is considered an important research topic. This study investigated the feasibility of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant compounds from corn stigma (CS) and the effect of independent variables (time and solid-solvent ratio) and their interaction in the extraction of CS. Results indicated that the UAE method increases the antioxidant activity and reduces the extraction time by 67%. Optimized conditions for the simultaneous extraction of antioxidants and polyphenols from CS were obtained using 5 min and a solid-solvent ratio of 0.05 g mL-¹. The CS extract obtained by UAE was characterized by ESI-ToF-MS and 27 phytochemicals were reported. The extract showed promising antifungal and antibacterial activities against 23 of the studied microorganisms. Therefore, the CS extract obtained by the UAE can be used as a source of bioactive and antimicrobial compounds for use as a functional ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

A descoberta de novos aditivos naturais a partir de resíduos agroindustriais é considerada um importante tópico de pesquisa. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a viabilidade da extração assistida por ultrassom (EAU) de compostos antioxidantes do estigma do milho (EM) e o efeito de variáveis independentes (tempo e relação sólido-solvente) e sua interação na extração de EM. Os resultados indicaram que a EUA aumenta a atividade antioxidante e reduz o tempo de extração em 67%. Condições otimizadas para a extração simultânea de antioxidantes e polifenóis do EM foram obtidas com 5 min e uma relação sólido-solvente de 0,05 g mL-¹. O extrato de EM obtido pela EUA foi caracterizado por ESI-ToF-MS e 27 fitoquímicos foram encontrados. O extrato apresentou atividades antifúngicas e antibacterianas promissoras contra 23 dos micro-organismos estudados. Portanto, o extrato de EM obtido pela extração assistida por ultrassom pode ser utilizado como fonte de compostos bioativos e antimicrobianos para uso como ingrediente funcional na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica.

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This study was developed to examine the effect of using charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals as calcium sources on the productive performance, carcass yield and bone parameters of meat quail. A total of 250 one-day-old non-sexed European quail were used. The birds were distributed into five treatments (calcium sources: calcitic lime, calcium carbonate, charru mussel shell meal, maçunim shell meal or oyster shell meal) in a completely randomized design with five replicates and ten birds per experimental unit. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated from one to 35 days. At 35 days, two birds with the average weight of the plot were slaughtered per plot and used for analysis of carcass yield and bone parameters. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield or tibia dry matter content, ash content and strength. The charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals can be used as calcium sources in the diet of European quail without affecting their productive performance, carcass yield or bone mineralization.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização das farinhas de conchas de sururu, maçunim e ostra como fontes de cálcio sobre o desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça e parâmetros ósseos de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 250 codornas europeias, não sexadas, com um dia de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituído por cinco fontes de cálcio (calcário calcítico, carbonato de cálcio, farinha de conchas de sururu, farinha de conchas de maçunim e farinha de conchas de ostras), com cinco repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar no período de um a 35 dias. Aos 35 dias, duas aves de peso médio de cada parcela foram abatidas e utilizadas para as análises de rendimento de carcaça e parâmetros ósseos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) para os dados de consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, matéria seca, cinzas e resistência óssea de tíbias. As farinhas de conchas de sururu, maçunim e ostra podem ser utilizadas na alimentação de codornas europeias, como fontes de cálcio, sem afetar o desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça e a mineralização óssea das aves.

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A senile female nocturnal curassow (Nothocrax urumutum) kept under human care was found dead. Grossly, the lungs were congested and had a nodule with 2.0 cm in diameter adhered to the left lung. Histologically, there were multifocal to coalescent areas of necrosis characterized by deposition of amorphous and eosinophilic material with large amount of cellular debris, surrounded by numerous epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated Langhans giant cells, occasional lymphocytes and plasma cells. Ziehl-Neelsen stained sections demonstrated myriad of intralesional alcohol-acid resistant bacilli (BAAR). DNA extracted from lung samples were evaluated by nested polymerase chain reaction resulting in mycobacterial DNA identification. This is the first reported case of mycobacteriosis in a nocturnal curassow.(AU)

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This report describes a case of a pyogranulomatous dermatitis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis with Splendore-Hoeppli reaction caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a sheltered female adult cat coinfected with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Leishmania sp. The cat had a mild anemia and marked increased total leukocytes, particularly band and segmented neutrophils. The cat had laboratorial diagnosis of FeLV and Leishmania sp. infections. Clinically, the cat had extensive and multifocal areas of ulceration in cranial region. Due to the progression of cutaneous lesions, progressive weight loss, and the risk for other sheltered animals, the cat was euthanized. Microscopically, there was marked pyogranulomatous ulcerative dermatitis, osteomyelitis and meningitis, with multiple large intralesional colonies of Gram-positive cocci associated with Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. Aerobic bacterial isolates were identified as S. aureus by MALDI-ToF MS. Leishmania sp. DNA sequences were detected in liver and spleen, and amastigotes were demonstrated in skin sections by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, here we describe a case of S. aureus-induced pyogranulomatous meningitis with SH reaction in a cat naturally coinfected with FeLV and Leishmania sp(AU)

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Cryptorchidism is the incomplete descent of the testes and associated structures, and cryptorchid testes are more likely to develop testicular neoplasms, such as seminoma. This is the first report of a seminoma in a cryptorchid wild-caught gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). The animal developed a unilateral seminoma with classical histopathological findings and benign behavior. Six months after the orchiectomy the cervid presented a metatarsal opened fracture, dying during the orthopedic surgery. No macro or micrometric metastasis was observed at the necropsy.(AU)

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Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis(Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.

Resumo

Abstract Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis (Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.

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Trueperella pyogenes é um patógeno oportunista, afetando mais comumente ruminantes e porcos. Uma fêmea de veado-mato-cinzento ( Mazama gouazoubira ) teve um abscesso no músculo masseter associado a uma osteólise e osteomielite na mandíbula direita adjacente, com um trato fistuloso até a órbita e através do forame óptico no crânio, causando uma supuração meningite. Histologicamente, o abscesso foi caracterizado por um infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico e histiocítico com uma miríade de bactérias Gram-positivas em forma de bastonete e uma leptomeningite supurativa e histiocítica focalmente extensa das porções ventrais do cérebro. A cultura microbiológica aeróbia, MALDI-ToF e PCR identificaram T. pyogenes.

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Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutritional composition and effect of different levels of inclusion of wafer-type biscuit waste (WW) in the diet of European quail on production performance, carcass yield and economic viability. In the metabolizability trial, WW showed 87.45% DM, 4,128.53 kcal/kg GE, 3,833.14 kcal/kg AME, 3,818.92 kcal/kg AMEn, 9.37% CP and 17% EE. The metabolizability coefficients of DM, GE, EE and CP were 93.20, 92.85, 93.01 and 47.16%, respectively. In the performance trial, feed intake decreased linearly (P 0.05) by WW inclusion. The WW inclusion levels did not influence (P>0.05) carcass yield. The diet with 20% inclusion of WW provided the best financial return. Wafer-type biscuit waste can be included up to the level of 20% in quail diets without compromising production performance, carcass yield or the economic viability of the activity.

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a composição nutricional e a utilização de diferentes níveis de inclusão de resíduo de biscoito tipo wafer (RB), na alimentação de codornas europeias, sobre o desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça e viabilidade econômica. No ensaio de metabolizabilidade, o RB apresentou 87,45% de MS, EB de 4.128,53 kcal/kg, EMA de 3.833,14 kcal/kg, EMAn de 3.818,92 kcal/kg, com 9,37% de PB e 17% de EE. Os valores do coeficiente de metabolizabilidade (CM) para MS, EB, EE e PB foram: 93,20; 92,85; 93,01 e 47,16%, respectivamente. No ensaio de desempenho, houve redução linear (P 0,05) pela inclusão do RB. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos níveis de inclusão do RB sobre o rendimento de carcaça. A ração com 20% demonstra ser mais rentável. Recomenda-se a inclusão do RB até o nível de 20% nas dietas para codornas, sem comprometer o desempenho produtivo, o rendimento de carcaça e a viabilidade econômica.

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Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary tumor of the bone, which is considered rare in birds. This report describes an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao), which was apathetic with progressive weight loss, and had a tumor in the distal portion of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus with ulcerated pododermatitis in the contralateral limb. Euthanasia was elected due to poor diagnosis after radiographic and cytological examination. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed and confirmed the diagnosis of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma with hepatic and pulmonary metastases.

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Cholangiocarcinomas are neoplasms originating from the biliary epithelium. This report describes the gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical findings in a case of cholangiocarcinoma in an Australian goose (Cereopsisnovaehollandiae). The animal had cachexia and ascites. The liver and gallbladder had cystic masses that was diagnosed as acholangiocarcinoma.

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Background: The southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus) is a vulnerable wild felid whose occurrence is restricted to theAtlantic Forest biome of Brazilian South and Southwest regions. Various strategies must be used to improve the conservation of species of felids, including preservation of forests and greater therapeutic support for animals in poor healthcondition. Enteral nutrition through a nasoesophageal tube is an option for patients in poor or critical condition; however,this procedure carries the risk of accidental ingestion of the tube. The objective of this work is to describe a conservativeapproach for the management of ingestion of a linear foreign body in a Leopardus guttulus patient.Case: A young female southern tiger cat was taken for veterinary treatment. The patient had an estimated age of nine weeks,0.846 kg of body weight, and exhibited cachexia, hypothermia, severe dehydration, and apathy. During the examination,blood samples were taken, and initial treatment commenced with fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, and anti-inflammatorytherapy along with administration of analgesics and a gastric protector. Since the patient did not want to eat, it received anasoesophageal feeding tube under mild sedation. The patient was positioned in sternal recumbency, its head was tiltedup, and a no. 6 nasoesophageal tube was ventromedially inserted through the right nostril. The tube was later confirmedto be correctly positioned at the ninth intercostal space by a radiographic study. The feeding tube allowed administrationof drugs and microenteral nutrition with a hypercaloric diet; this minimized handling of the patient, which preserved itswild behavior. After the seventh day of treatment, a piece of the tube was found lying at the bottom of the cage. Sinceingestion of the remainder of the tube by the patient was suspected, it was taken to the diagnostic imaging division. At theultrasonographic exam, the stomach exhibited hypermotility and...

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Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a protein expressed in the gonads and related to ovarian follicular development. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of polymorphisms in the AMH gene in a Nelore herd to analyze the genetic constitution of this population and to perform association studies with early pregnancy occurrence (EPO) and age at first calving (AFC). Phenotypic data consisted of verification of early pregnancy and age at first calving of 197 unrelated heifers exposed to the mating season and aged between 15 and 17 months (precocious group) and 24 months (non-precocious group). The “precocious” group consisted of 67 heifers with age at first calving of 26.5 ± 0.59 months, and the “non-precocious” group was composed of 130 heifers with age at first calving of 36.4 ± 0.99 months. All five exons of the AMH gene were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. A total of three SNPs were identified in this study, all of them located in exon 5 (rs527023314, rs722016629, and rs134387246), the latter one positioned in the stop codon. All three SNPs identified in exon 5 characterized synonymous mutations. Only SNP rs134387246 exhibited a significant value (P ≤ 0.10) for EPO and AFC. The association study of SNP rs134387246 revealed an over-dominance effect (P = 0.056), and no additive effect was observed (P = 0.67). A reduction of 2.5 months (75 days) in the age at first calving of heterozygous heifers for the SNP rs134387246 was observed. For the first time, polymorphisms of the AMH gene were described in Nelore heifers and associated with sexual precocity traits.

O hormônio Anti-Mülleriano (AMH) é uma proteína expressa nas gônadas e está relacionada ao desenvolvimento folicular ovariano. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a presença de polimorfismos do gene AMH em um rebanho Nelore, analisar a constituição genética da população para o gene e estudar a associação entre os polimorfismos e as características ocorrência de prenhez precoce (OPP) e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP). Os dados fenotípicos consistiram da verificação da prenhez precoce e idade ao primeiro parto de 197 novilhas, não aparentadas, expostas à estação de monta com idade entre 15 e 17 meses (grupo precoce) ou 24 meses (grupo não precoce). O grupo denominado “precoce” foi composto por 67 novilhas com idade ao primeiro parto de 26.5±0.59 meses, e o segundo denominado “não precoce” composto por 130 novilhas com idade ao primeiro parto de 36.4±0.99 meses. Os cinco éxons do gene AMH foram amplificados por meio da técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e sequenciados. Um total de três SNPs foram identificados nesse estudo, todos localizados no éxon 5 (rs527023314, rs722016629 and rs134387246), sendo o último posicionado stop codon. Os três SNPs identificados caracterizaram mutações sinônimas. Somente o SNP rs134387246 exibiu associação significante (P ≤ 0.10) para ambas características (OPP e IPP). O estudo de associação do SNP rs134387246 revelou um efeito de sobre dominância (P=0,056), e ausência de ação gênica aditiva (P=0,67). Foi observada redução de 2,5 meses (75 dias) na idade ao primeiro parto de novilhas heterozigotas para o SNP rs134387246. Pela primeira vez na literatura, polimorfismos do gene AMH foram descritos em novilhas da raça Nelore e associados a características indicadoras de precocidade sexual.

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Background: Pneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space, either due to trauma or secondary to other conditions. Typically, pneumothorax is correlated with blunt trauma of the pulmonary parenchyma or penetrating trauma of the thoracic cavity, such as on being trampled upon or bitten, respectively. The therapeutic approach of this condition is rarely described in wild animals; therefore, the present study aims to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic method, and therapeutic aproach in a specimen of Tamandua tetradactyla with closed pneumothorax received for emergency care after being hit by a vehicle.Case: A southern tamandua (T. tetradactyla) was received in our hospital after being hit by a vehicle. The patient presented with a state of stupor, nystagmus, a restrictive respiratory pattern, and muffling on auscultation of respiratory and cardiac sounds in the left antimer. Simultaneously with the physical examination, venous access was established, pain control was intravenously performed and oxygen therapy was started. After stabilization, the patient underwent abdominal ultrasound (abdominal-focused assessment with sonography for trauma) and thoracic radiographs. The abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a small amount of free fluid in the evaluated recesses, i.e., hepatodiaphragmatic, splenorenal, cystocholic, and hepatorenal, suggesting the need for periodic ultrasonographic monitoring associated with the clinical evaluation of the patient because of suspicion of active hemorrhage. The thoracic radiographic image (ventrodorsal recumbency) revealed increased pulmonary opacity due to lobar retraction, marked by an enlarged gap between the pulmonary lobes and thoracic wall, and the formation of a radiolucent area between both structures. The lateral recumbency evidenced the dorsal displacement of the cardiac apex in relation to the sternum.[...]

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ABSTRACT: Knowing the productive variability within protected environments is crucial for choosing the experimental design to be used in that conditions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the variability of fruit production in protected environment cultivated with cherry tomatoes and to verify the border effect and plot size in reducing this variability. To this, data from an uniformity test carried out in a greenhouse with cherry tomato cv. 'Lili' were used. Total fresh mass of fruits per plant was considered being these plants arranged in cropping rows parallel to the lateral openings of the greenhouse and also the same plants arranged in columns perpendicular to these openings. To generate the borders, different scenarios were designed by excluding rows and columns and using different plot sizes. In each scenario, homogeneity of variances among the remaining rows and columns was tested. There is no variability of fruit production among rows or columns in trials with cherry tomatoes carried out in greenhouses and the use of border does not bring benefits in terms of reduction of coefficient of variation or reduction of cases of variance heterogeneity among rows or columns. Plots with a size equal to or greater than two plants make possible to use the completely randomized design in the cherry tomato trials in greenhouses.

RESUMO: Conhecer a variabilidade dentro de ambientes protegidos é crucial para a escolha do delineamento experimental a ser utilizado nestas condições. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade de produção de frutos em ambiente protegido cultivado com tomate cereja e, verificar o efeito do uso de bordaduras e tamanho de parcela na redução dessa variabilidade. Para isso, dados de um teste de uniformidade realizado em estufa com tomate cereja cv. 'Lili' foram utilizados. A massa fresca total de frutos por planta foi considerada, sendo estas plantas dispostas em fileiras de cultivo paralelas às aberturas laterais da estufa e, também, foram dispostas em colunas perpendiculares a estas aberturas. Para gerar as bordaduras, diferentes cenários foram projetados excluindo linhas e colunas, usando diferentes tamanhos de parcela. Em cada cenário, a homogeneidade das variâncias entre as fileiras e colunas restantes foi testada. Não há variabilidade na produção de frutos entre fileiras ou colunas em ensaios com tomate cereja, realizado em estufas, sendo que o uso de bordaduras não traz benefícios em termos de redução do coeficiente de variação ou dos casos de heterogeneidade de variância entre fileiras ou colunas. As parcelas com um tamanho igual ou superior a duas plantas tornam possível utilizar o delineamento inteiramente casualizado nos ensaios com tomate cereja em estufas.

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Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: Ten rats were divided into two groups (n = 5). All animals were submitted by a laminectomy and spinal cord injury at eighth thoracic vertebra. In control group, the rats didn't receive any analgesic. In tramadol group, the rats received tramadol 4mg/Kg at 12/12h until 5 days by subcutaneous. Animals were following by fourteen days. Was evaluated the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (locomotor evaluation) and Rat Grimace Scale (pain evaluation) at four periods. Results: There no difference between the groups in locomotor evaluation in all periods evaluated (p>0.05) and in both groups there was a partial recover of function. The tramadol group show a lower pain levels at the first, third and seventh postoperatively days when comparing to the control group. Conclusion: The tramadol as an analgesic agent don't influence on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats