Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.

Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P<0.05) after thawing in the three treatments. Only the spermatozoa in the control treatment maintained post-thawing vigor. The viability of spermatozoa decreased in the treatments with A. vera (P<0.05). According to the hypoosmotic test, all treatments maintained the sperm membrane functionality (P>0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P<0.05) in the T10% and T20% treatments. The morphology and chromatin condensation of spermatozoa did not differ, regardless of the treatments and time of evaluation (P>0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.(AU)

Rescue of caprine fetal ovaries, vitrification and follicular development after xenotransplantation in two immunodeficient mice models

Domestic and wild goats are very susceptible animals to predation, specially when pregnancy occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the use of goat fetal ovarian tissue for vitrification followed by xenotransplantation and fresh xenotransplantation in two immunosuppressed mice models (C57BL/6 SCID and Balb-C NUDE). Goat fetus ovaries were collected in slaughterhouses, divided into small cortical pieces and were destined for fresh xenotransplantation (FX) and cryopreservation followed by xenotransplantation (CX). Five recipients from each lineage were used for FX and 10 animals from each lineage for CX. The mice were euthanized after 65 postoperative days, and the transplants were collected for microscopic assessment. The blood plasma was collected for estradiol measurement. Independently of mice strain, all recipients presented complete estrus cycle in FX and 80% after CX groups. Follicles were observed at all development stages without morphological changes. The volume density and total vessel surface observed in the transplants were different (p <0.01) between groups. The estradiol levels in the recipients did not differ (p <0.05) among the treatments. Thus, it is possible to activate the preantral follicles in the ovaries of fetuses by optimizing germplasm utilization and conservation of domestic and endangered wild goats that are in predatory situations, undesirable drowning or accidental death, since provided conditions for xenotransplantation are performed.(AU)

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de camundongos imunossuprimidos BALB/c NUDE E C57BL/6 SCID / Haematological and biochemical values of immunosuppressed BALB/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice

Background: The emergence of the NUDE and SCID immunosuppressed mice lineages generated knowledge on various mechanisms of lymphocyte maturation and human autoimmune diseases. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of these lineages is still scarce, making it impossible to infer homeostasis by comparing data, or to detect genetic influences on the parameters for these species. Haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on Balb/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice of both sexes, aiming to analyse the presence of genetic influence on possible variations of such parameters and to verify reference values for both lineages.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and forty mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/C NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID lineages were used in the present study. The animals were previously anesthetized, the blood collection procedure was performed by cardiac puncture and the samples were collected in the presence of heparin and intended for haematological and biochemical evaluation, under standardized conditions. The haematological evaluation consisted of red blood cell count, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While analysing the obtained data, it was possible to observe that only females presented divergences (P < 0.05) in the red blood cell series, in haemoglobin and in mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH). Regarding the analysis of the white blood cell series, females only presented differences (P < 0.05) in the leukocyte count. For males, there were variations (P < 0.05) in the counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.[...]

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de camundongos imunossuprimidos BALB/c NUDE E C57BL/6 SCID / Haematological and biochemical values of immunosuppressed BALB/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice

Background: The emergence of the NUDE and SCID immunosuppressed mice lineages generated knowledge on various mechanisms of lymphocyte maturation and human autoimmune diseases. Information on haematological and biochemical parameters of these lineages is still scarce, making it impossible to infer homeostasis by comparing data, or to detect genetic influences on the parameters for these species. Haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on Balb/c NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID mice of both sexes, aiming to analyse the presence of genetic influence on possible variations of such parameters and to verify reference values for both lineages.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and forty mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/C NUDE and C57BL/6 SCID lineages were used in the present study. The animals were previously anesthetized, the blood collection procedure was performed by cardiac puncture and the samples were collected in the presence of heparin and intended for haematological and biochemical evaluation, under standardized conditions. The haematological evaluation consisted of red blood cell count, leukocyte counts, platelet counts, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While analysing the obtained data, it was possible to observe that only females presented divergences (P < 0.05) in the red blood cell series, in haemoglobin and in mean haemoglobin concentration (MCH). Regarding the analysis of the white blood cell series, females only presented differences (P < 0.05) in the leukocyte count. For males, there were variations (P < 0.05) in the counts of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils.[...](AU)

Effect of different receptor sites on the development after ovarian autograft balb/c female mice / Efeito de diferentes sítios receptores no desenvolvimento do autotransplante ovariano em camundongas balb/c

The aim of this study was to compare two receptor sites in ovarian autologous transplantation in mice. Twelve Balb-c mice were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each: G1 - non-transplanted animals, G2 - animals which received the ovarian fragment in the perimetrium, G3 - animals which had the abdominal subcutaneous tissue as a receptor site. For transplantation, mice were subjected to bilateral salpingectomia. The left ovary was submitted for histological processing. The right ovarian cortex was fragmented and reimplanted in the specified places according to the groups. Transplants were recovered in 3/4 of the mice in each treatment group. In vaginal washes, the return of the ovarian activity in half of the females of G3 and 3/4 females of G2 was observed. It was detected the presence of corpora lutea in 1/4 of G3 transplants and half in G2. In follicular population all stages of development were observed. Comparing the receptor sites, it was observed a higher percentage of return to cyclicity, as well as of follicles, in animals which had the perimetrium as the site of transplantation. In the subcutaneous, there was a lower follicular growth and lower quantity of corpus luteum. Thus, ovarian autologous transplantation allocated in the subcutaneous tissue and perimetrium allowed both tissue maintenance and follicular development; however, the site of choice will depend on the final goal one aims with the technique

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica

Effect of different receptor sites on the development after ovarian autograft balb/c female mice / Efeito de diferentes sítios receptores no desenvolvimento do autotransplante ovariano em camundongas balb/c

The aim of this study was to compare two receptor sites in ovarian autologous transplantation in mice. Twelve Balb-c mice were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each: G1 - non-transplanted animals, G2 - animals which received the ovarian fragment in the perimetrium, G3 - animals which had the abdominal subcutaneous tissue as a receptor site. For transplantation, mice were subjected to bilateral salpingectomia. The left ovary was submitted for histological processing. The right ovarian cortex was fragmented and reimplanted in the specified places according to the groups. Transplants were recovered in 3/4 of the mice in each treatment group. In vaginal washes, the return of the ovarian activity in half of the females of G3 and 3/4 females of G2 was observed. It was detected the presence of corpora lutea in 1/4 of G3 transplants and half in G2. In follicular population all stages of development were observed. Comparing the receptor sites, it was observed a higher percentage of return to cyclicity, as well as of follicles, in animals which had the perimetrium as the site of transplantation. In the subcutaneous, there was a lower follicular growth and lower quantity of corpus luteum. Thus, ovarian autologous transplantation allocated in the subcutaneous tissue and perimetrium allowed both tissue maintenance and follicular development; however, the site of choice will depend on the final goal one aims with the technique(AU)

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica(AU)

Monitoramento do ciclo estral de fêmeas equinas por meio de citologia vaginal, ultrassonografia e dosagem hormonal / Monitoring equine estrous cycle through vaginal cytology, ultrasonography and hormone dosage / Monitoreo del ciclo estral de hembras equinas por medio de citología vaginal, ultrasonido y dosis hormonal

O ciclo estral é a sincronia entre eventos comportamentais, anatômicos e endócrinos que resultam na ovulação, e pode ser dividido em fase lútea e fase folicular. A identificação das fases do ciclo estral da égua pode ser acompanhada por meio de várias biotécnicas reprodutivas como, por exemplo, citologia vaginal classificando os diversos tipos de células do epitélio vaginal, ultrassonografia para avaliação da dinâmica folicular e a dosagem hormonal no plasma sanguíneo ou das fezes do animal para caracterizar a fase do ciclo estral que o animal possivelmente se encontra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a fisiologia do ciclo estral de éguas, a fim de favorecer novas pesquisas relacionadas à biotécnicas reprodutivas para equinos.

The estrous cycle is the synchrony of behavioral, anatomical and endocrine events that result in ovulation. It can be divided into luteal and follicular phases. The identification of the stages in the estrous cycle of mares can be accomplished through several reproductive biotechnologies, such as, for instance, vaginal cytology classifying the different types of cells in the vaginal epithelium, follicular dynamics evaluated through ultrasound examination, and hormone dosage in blood plasma or feces from the animal to characterize the likely estrous cycle phase. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the physiology of the estrous cycle in mares in order to encourage new research related to reproductive biotechnologies for horses.

El ciclo estral es la sincronía entre eventos de comportamiento, anatómicos y endocrinos que resultan en la ovulación, y se puede dividir en fase lútea y fase folicular. La identificación de las etapas del ciclo estral de la yegua puede ser acompañada a través de varias biotécnicas reproductivas como, por ejemplo, citología vaginal, clasificando los diferentes tipos de células del epitelio vaginal, ultrasonido para evaluación de la dinámica folicular y la dosificación hormonal en el plasma sanguíneo o de las heces del animal para caracterizar la fase del ciclo estral que el animal posiblemente se encuentra. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión ha sido examinar la fisiología del ciclo estral de yeguas, con el fin de fomentar nuevas investigaciones relacionadas con las biotecnologías reproductivas para equinos.

Monitoramento do ciclo estral de fêmeas equinas por meio de citologia vaginal, ultrassonografia e dosagem hormonal / Monitoring equine estrous cycle through vaginal cytology, ultrasonography and hormone dosage / Monitoreo del ciclo estral de hembras equinas por medio de citología vaginal, ultrasonido y dosis hormonal

O ciclo estral é a sincronia entre eventos comportamentais, anatômicos e endócrinos que resultam na ovulação, e pode ser dividido em fase lútea e fase folicular. A identificação das fases do ciclo estral da égua pode ser acompanhada por meio de várias biotécnicas reprodutivas como, por exemplo, citologia vaginal classificando os diversos tipos de células do epitélio vaginal, ultrassonografia para avaliação da dinâmica folicular e a dosagem hormonal no plasma sanguíneo ou das fezes do animal para caracterizar a fase do ciclo estral que o animal possivelmente se encontra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a fisiologia do ciclo estral de éguas, a fim de favorecer novas pesquisas relacionadas à biotécnicas reprodutivas para equinos.(AU)

The estrous cycle is the synchrony of behavioral, anatomical and endocrine events that result in ovulation. It can be divided into luteal and follicular phases. The identification of the stages in the estrous cycle of mares can be accomplished through several reproductive biotechnologies, such as, for instance, vaginal cytology classifying the different types of cells in the vaginal epithelium, follicular dynamics evaluated through ultrasound examination, and hormone dosage in blood plasma or feces from the animal to characterize the likely estrous cycle phase. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the physiology of the estrous cycle in mares in order to encourage new research related to reproductive biotechnologies for horses.(AU)

El ciclo estral es la sincronía entre eventos de comportamiento, anatómicos y endocrinos que resultan en la ovulación, y se puede dividir en fase lútea y fase folicular. La identificación de las etapas del ciclo estral de la yegua puede ser acompañada a través de varias biotécnicas reproductivas como, por ejemplo, citología vaginal, clasificando los diferentes tipos de células del epitelio vaginal, ultrasonido para evaluación de la dinámica folicular y la dosificación hormonal en el plasma sanguíneo o de las heces del animal para caracterizar la fase del ciclo estral que el animal posiblemente se encuentra. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión ha sido examinar la fisiología del ciclo estral de yeguas, con el fin de fomentar nuevas investigaciones relacionadas con las biotecnologías reproductivas para equinos.(AU)

Xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares: estado da arte e perspectivas em mamíferos domésticos e silvestres / Ovarian and testicular xenografting: state of art and perspectives in domestic and wild mammals

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de artigos sobre xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares vem sendo publicado e demonstrando com isso o interesse gradual da comunidade científica sobre o tema. O presente artigo versará sobre a construção do conhecimento científico neste campo de pesquisa, os avanços mais recentes e as perspectivas de utilização da técnica associada a outras biotécnicas, além disso, tratará das expectativas nacionais acerca do assunto e atuação do Laboratório de Transplantes Gonadais da UFERSA, em Mossoró-RN, no país e as tendências mundiais no tema.

In recent years, a growing number of publications about ovarian and testicular xenografts has been published and increasing gradually the interest of the scientific community on this theme. This paper will focus on the construction of scientific knowledge in this field of research, the latest advances and perspectives of utilization associated with other biotechniques. Furthermore, deal with national expectations about the subject and performance of the Laboratory of Gonadal Transplantation of UFERSA, in Mossoro-RN-Brazil, as in Brazil and globaltrends in theme.

Xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares: estado da arte e perspectivas em mamíferos domésticos e silvestres / Ovarian and testicular xenografting: state of art and perspectives in domestic and wild mammals

Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de artigos sobre xenotransplantes ovarianos e testiculares vem sendo publicado e demonstrando com isso o interesse gradual da comunidade científica sobre o tema. O presente artigo versará sobre a construção do conhecimento científico neste campo de pesquisa, os avanços mais recentes e as perspectivas de utilização da técnica associada a outras biotécnicas, além disso, tratará das expectativas nacionais acerca do assunto e atuação do Laboratório de Transplantes Gonadais da UFERSA, em Mossoró-RN, no país e as tendências mundiais no tema.(AU)

In recent years, a growing number of publications about ovarian and testicular xenografts has been published and increasing gradually the interest of the scientific community on this theme. This paper will focus on the construction of scientific knowledge in this field of research, the latest advances and perspectives of utilization associated with other biotechniques. Furthermore, deal with national expectations about the subject and performance of the Laboratory of Gonadal Transplantation of UFERSA, in Mossoro-RN-Brazil, as in Brazil and global trends in theme.(AU)

Placenta artificial: um método alternativo no suporte de vida de neonatos prematuros na medicina veterinária / Artificial placenta: an alternative method in support of life of premature infants in veterinary medicine / Placenta artificial: un método alternativo de soporte de vida de prematuros en medicina veterinaria

O modelo de placenta artificial tem como finalidade recriar o ambiente intrauterino, mantendo a circulação fetal e realizando as trocas gasosas e, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a maturação pulmonar. A placenta artificial apresenta-se como uma estratégia de suporte extracorpórea para neonatos prematuros cujos pulmões ainda não estejam completamente desenvolvidos. Este sistema é composto basicamente por uma bomba centrífuga, um oxigenador de membrana e cânulas inseridas nos vasos fetais para renovação do sangue. As tentativas de desenvolver uma placenta artificial foram abandonadas em meados da década de 80, mas com os avanços tecnológicos, em especial com o surgimento dos oxigenadores de membrana de fibra oca e os oxigenadores não microporosos compostos de biomateriais, deixaram os pesquisadores otimistas no desenvolvimento do modelo ideal de placenta artificial. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão dos fatos históricos e discute os avanços e perspectivas da utilização de modelos de placenta artificial na medicina veterinária.

The model of artificial placenta has the intention to recreate the intrauterine environment while maintaining the fetal circulation and gas exchange and at the same time allowing lung maturation. The artificial placenta presents itself as a strategy of extracorporeal support for premature infants whose lungs are not fully developed. This system is basically composed of a centrifugal pump, a membrane oxygenator and cannulas inserted into the fetal vessels for renovation blood. Attempts to develop an artificial placenta were abandoned in the mid-80s, but with technological advances, in particular with the appearance of hollow fiber membrane oxygenators and non microporous oxygenators composite of biomaterials, left hopeful researchers in the development of ideal model of artificial placenta. This article presents a review of the historical facts and discusses the progress and prospects of the use of different models of artificial placenta in veterinary medicine.

El modelo de placenta artificial tiene la intención de recrear el ambiente intrauterino, para mantener la circulación fetal y el intercambio de gas y, al mismo tiempo, permite la maduración pulmonar. La placenta artificial se presenta como una estrategia de apoyo extracorpórea para los prematuros cuyos pulmones no están completamente desarrollados. Este sistema se compone básicamente de una bomba centrífuga, un oxigenador de membrana y cánulas insertadas en los vasos sanguíneos fetales para la renovación de la sangre. Los intentos de desarrollar una placenta artificial fueron abandonadas a mediados de los años 80, pero con los avances tecnológicos, en particular, con la aparición de los oxigenadores de membrana de fibra hueca y los oxigenadores sin microporos compuestos de biomateriales, hicieron los investigadores creer en el desarrollo del modelo ideal de placenta artificial. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de los hechos históricos y se analizan los avances y perspectivas del uso de placenta artificiais en la medicina veterinaria.