Resumo
Background: Cancer is a complex process that receive many influences of the tumor microenvironment. The participation of immune system cells and proteins in tumor microenvironment is not yet completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltrate cellular, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and HSP60 of canine mammary carcinoma in mixed tumor (CMCMT).Materials, Methods & Results: Female dogs (n = 20) were selected after Canine mammary tumor (CMT) diagnosis and data were achieved throughout clinical-pathological information. Clinical staging was evaluated and tumor biopsies were processed by histology and cellular infiltrate was performed according criteria and grade. Survival curve were generated by Kaplan-Meier and the lymphocytic infiltrate were compared by Log-Rank followed Chi-Square χ². For immunolabeling it was used anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-FoxP3 and HSP60 monoclonal antibodies and were attributed scores from 0 to 3. Clinical-pathological relationship was analyzed using Spearman correlation. This study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research using Animals (CEUA-UECE), protocol 12247080-2. Our data showed a mean age of 9.3 years-old, the size of tumors presented more than 5 cm (50%), which were located in inguinal mammary glands (70%), and CMTs shows I (70%) and II (30%) grade. The cellular infiltrate was distributed both in peri and intratumoral regions, dispersed multifocally with moderate intensity and lymphocytes were the major populations found into tumors (n = 826 ± 220). In relationship to cellular infiltrate with CMT grade it was observed that lymphocytes (ρ = 0.28) and plasma cells (ρ = 0.22) showed a slight positive correlation, and an opposed negative correlation of neutrophils (ρ = -0.1) and macrophages (ρ = -0.38). CMT presents moderate lymphocytic infiltrate (< 800 lymphocytes), shows higher (P = 0.01) survival rates as compared to intense lymphocytic infiltrate (≥ 800 lymphocytes).[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/veterinária , Linfócitos T , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/ultraestruturaResumo
Background: Cancer is a complex process that receive many influences of the tumor microenvironment. The participation of immune system cells and proteins in tumor microenvironment is not yet completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltrate cellular, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and HSP60 of canine mammary carcinoma in mixed tumor (CMCMT).Materials, Methods & Results: Female dogs (n = 20) were selected after Canine mammary tumor (CMT) diagnosis and data were achieved throughout clinical-pathological information. Clinical staging was evaluated and tumor biopsies were processed by histology and cellular infiltrate was performed according criteria and grade. Survival curve were generated by Kaplan-Meier and the lymphocytic infiltrate were compared by Log-Rank followed Chi-Square χ². For immunolabeling it was used anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-FoxP3 and HSP60 monoclonal antibodies and were attributed scores from 0 to 3. Clinical-pathological relationship was analyzed using Spearman correlation. This study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research using Animals (CEUA-UECE), protocol 12247080-2. Our data showed a mean age of 9.3 years-old, the size of tumors presented more than 5 cm (50%), which were located in inguinal mammary glands (70%), and CMTs shows I (70%) and II (30%) grade. The cellular infiltrate was distributed both in peri and intratumoral regions, dispersed multifocally with moderate intensity and lymphocytes were the major populations found into tumors (n = 826 ± 220). In relationship to cellular infiltrate with CMT grade it was observed that lymphocytes (ρ = 0.28) and plasma cells (ρ = 0.22) showed a slight positive correlation, and an opposed negative correlation of neutrophils (ρ = -0.1) and macrophages (ρ = -0.38). CMT presents moderate lymphocytic infiltrate (< 800 lymphocytes), shows higher (P = 0.01) survival rates as compared to intense lymphocytic infiltrate (≥ 800 lymphocytes).[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Antígenos CD4 , Antígenos CD8 , Chaperonina 60 , Carcinoma de Mama in situ/veterinária , Linfócitos T , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/ultraestrutura , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaResumo
The present study evaluated the oxidative stress and leukocyte adhesion (LA) in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Healthy dogs (HD = 10) and dogs affected by canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in symptomatic form (SD= 10) were previously submitted to indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and detection of parasites in bone marrow aspirates. Serum was used to assess malondialdeid (MDA) by thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay and AL was determined by nylon column method using whole blood stored in EDTA, citrate and heparin. AL data was expressed as percentage and MDA data as mean ± standard deviation, both submitted to the unpaired students T test (p < 0.05). Heparin samples showed higher levels of AL in CS group (55.62 %, p < 0.05) when compared with EDTA and citrate (10.46% and 5.28%). Citrate and EDTA inhibit AL in healthy and sick dogs, while heparin preserved AL in both groups. Neutrophil proportion in heparin samples were lower (85% to 67%, p < 0.05) compared with citrate and EDTA, which in turn remained practically unchanged (83% to 80%). MDA levels were higher in SD (0.0117uM ± 0.002) when compared to HD (0.0057uM ± 0.001) (p < 0.05). These data support the conclusion that CVL induces oxidative stress enhance and leukocyte adhesion increase, indicating systemic inflammatory response. The choice of anticoagulant is an important decision for implementing LA assays.(AU)
O presente estudo avaliou o estresse oxidativo e a adesão de leucócitos (AL) em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania infantum. Foram utilizados cães saudáveis (CN = 10) e cães acometidos por leishmaniose visceral na forma sintomática (CS = 10), submetidos previamente a exames de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e pesquisa do parasito em aspirados de medula óssea. Soro foi utilizado para avaliação de malondialdeído (MDA) no ensaio para espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e AL foi determinada pelo método da coluna de náilon em sangue em EDTA, heparina e citrato. Os dados de AL foram expressos em porcentagem e MDA em média ± desvio padrão, submetidos ao teste T de student não pareado (p < 0,05). Amostras em heparina apresentaram níveis mais elevados de AL no grupo CS (55,62%, p < 0,05) quando comparadas com EDTA e citrato (10,46% e 5,28%). Citrato e EDTA inibiram AL em cães doentes e saudáveis, enquanto a heparina preservou a AL. A proporção neutrofílica se apresentou reduzida nas amostras em heparina (85% para 67%, p < 0,05) quando comparadas com citrato e EDTA, que por sua vez mantiveram-se estáveis (83% para 80%). Os níveis de MDA apresentaram-se mais elevados em CS (0,0117µM ± 0,002) quando comparado com CN (0,0057µM ± 0,001) (p < 0,05). Estes dados dão suporte à conclusão de que na LVC ocorre elevação do estresse oxidativo e aumento da expressão das moléculas de adesão nos leucócitos, evidenciandoresposta inflamatória sistêmica. A escolha do anticoagulante é importante para a implementação do ensaio de AL.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Malondialdeído/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Receptores de Adesão de Leucócito , Leishmaniose Visceral/fisiopatologia , Leishmania infantum , AnticoagulantesResumo
Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite of Leishmania genus that affects organs and tissues. Several studies evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The overproduction of ROS on infectious diseases can induce an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at cellular or systemic level. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in CanL. Materials, Methods & Results: Females (n = 17) and males (n = 10), at different ages and with different weight, were selected for this study. Dogs were divided into two groups according classical clinical signs and sorological test to CanL. Animals were considered infected based on indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA titration 1:40. Group B (n = 15) composed by positive dogs to CanL from Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) and group A (n = 12) was composed by dogs from private kennel that were serologically negative to L. infantum and had absence of clinical signs to CanL. Blood sample were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity. Data were analyzed by Students t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P 0.05). Total proteins (TP, mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U/L) [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Catalase/análise , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Estresse Oxidativo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Antioxidantes/análise , BiomarcadoresResumo
Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite of Leishmania genus that affects organs and tissues. Several studies evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The overproduction of ROS on infectious diseases can induce an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at cellular or systemic level. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in CanL. Materials, Methods & Results: Females (n = 17) and males (n = 10), at different ages and with different weight, were selected for this study. Dogs were divided into two groups according classical clinical signs and sorological test to CanL. Animals were considered infected based on indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA titration 1:40. Group B (n = 15) composed by positive dogs to CanL from Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) and group A (n = 12) was composed by dogs from private kennel that were serologically negative to L. infantum and had absence of clinical signs to CanL. Blood sample were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity. Data were analyzed by Students t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P 0.05). Total proteins (TP, mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U/L) [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Catalase/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/análise , Estresse Oxidativo , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Biomarcadores , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterináriaResumo
Background: Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and dogs can present variable clinical manifestations, ranging from subclinical, acute to chronic illness. This pathogen preferentially infects leukocytes. In Brazil illness is described nationwide with the seropositivity varying from 4.8% to over 50%. The control of Ehrlichia spp. infection was related to cellular immune response mediated by Th1 while the CE acute phase is related to humoral immune response mediated by Th2, with high production of antibodies. Th1 and Th2 balance can be measured by cytokine profile. TNF-α is associated with inflammatory responses while IL-10 inhibits mechanisms which prevent tissue damage caused by the intense inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by Ehrlichia spp.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty five dogs, both sexes, one to eight years old, weighing 5 to 40 kg, undefined breed were divided in two groups: Control (CT, n = 14) and naturally infected by Ehrlichia spp. dogs (EH, n = 11). Naturally infected dogs were from Zoonosis Control Center. Ehrlichia spp. morulae was visualized in bone marrow aspirates. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and serum dosages of TNF-α and IL-10 (commercial kits by sandwich ELISA). The frequency of clinical signs was expressed as percentage. T test, Spearman correlation and linear regression were used when necessary (P ≤ 0.05). Alopecia (45%), generalized lymphadenopathy (36%), onychogryphosis (27%) and conjunctivitis (27%) were the most frequent clinical signs in the EH group. No difference was found between studied groups in hematological and biochemical parameters. TNF-α concentration was 43.3 ± 16.9 pg/mL in CT and 41.1 ± 3.8 pg/mL in EH, while IL-10 concentration was 20.2 ± 8.4 pg/mL in CT and 21.0 ± 5.1 pg/mL in EH.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Ehrlichia canis , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-10/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangueResumo
Background: Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and dogs can present variable clinical manifestations, ranging from subclinical, acute to chronic illness. This pathogen preferentially infects leukocytes. In Brazil illness is described nationwide with the seropositivity varying from 4.8% to over 50%. The control of Ehrlichia spp. infection was related to cellular immune response mediated by Th1 while the CE acute phase is related to humoral immune response mediated by Th2, with high production of antibodies. Th1 and Th2 balance can be measured by cytokine profile. TNF-α is associated with inflammatory responses while IL-10 inhibits mechanisms which prevent tissue damage caused by the intense inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by Ehrlichia spp.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty five dogs, both sexes, one to eight years old, weighing 5 to 40 kg, undefined breed were divided in two groups: Control (CT, n = 14) and naturally infected by Ehrlichia spp. dogs (EH, n = 11). Naturally infected dogs were from Zoonosis Control Center. Ehrlichia spp. morulae was visualized in bone marrow aspirates. Blood samples were collected for hematological analysis and serum dosages of TNF-α and IL-10 (commercial kits by sandwich ELISA). The frequency of clinical signs was expressed as percentage. T test, Spearman correlation and linear regression were used when necessary (P ≤ 0.05). Alopecia (45%), generalized lymphadenopathy (36%), onychogryphosis (27%) and conjunctivitis (27%) were the most frequent clinical signs in the EH group. No difference was found between studied groups in hematological and biochemical parameters. TNF-α concentration was 43.3 ± 16.9 pg/mL in CT and 41.1 ± 3.8 pg/mL in EH, while IL-10 concentration was 20.2 ± 8.4 pg/mL in CT and 21.0 ± 5.1 pg/mL in EH.[...]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , /análise , /sangue , Biomarcadores/sangueResumo
Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a multisystem inflammatory disease caused by the Leishmania genusprotozoa, characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The parasite presence has been reportedin various organs and tissues, such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and skin, in addition the cardiac muscle.Cardiac muscle lesions provide the substances release, among which we can mention the creatine kinase (CK), its MBsubunit (CK-MB) and troponin. The changes that cause these injuries depend not only of the parasite presence, but alsothe increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Although most studies focus on the proinflammatory cytokinesaction, regulatory cytokines of the inflammatory process has gained evidence in the immune response to the Leishmaniainfantum and can be directly associated with the cardiac damage pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate theTNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by L. infantum and relates them to cardiac biomarkers, in thedifferent clinical forms of disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 30 adult dogs were used, being 10 negative (ND) and 20 positive for CVL.All seropositive animals were subjected to clinical examination, observing the presence of characteristic clinical signs ofdisease, being divided into two groups: asymptomatic (AD, n = 10) and symptomatic (SD, n = 10) dogs. Blood samplesfrom all animals were collected to obtain serum for subsequent measurement of TNF-α, IL-10, CK and CK-MB. Datawere analyzed by Kruskal-Wallys test, followed by Dunns test. The correlation and influence of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α on CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK, were determined by Spearman correlation test and linear regression. To evaluatethe relationship between the clinical signs onset and the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-α, CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK serum...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Leishmania infantum , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Interleucina-10 , Creatina Quinase/análise , Troponina/análise , BiomarcadoresResumo
Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a multisystem inflammatory disease caused by the Leishmania genusprotozoa, characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The parasite presence has been reportedin various organs and tissues, such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and skin, in addition the cardiac muscle.Cardiac muscle lesions provide the substances release, among which we can mention the creatine kinase (CK), its MBsubunit (CK-MB) and troponin. The changes that cause these injuries depend not only of the parasite presence, but alsothe increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Although most studies focus on the proinflammatory cytokinesaction, regulatory cytokines of the inflammatory process has gained evidence in the immune response to the Leishmaniainfantum and can be directly associated with the cardiac damage pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate theTNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in naturally infected dogs by L. infantum and relates them to cardiac biomarkers, in thedifferent clinical forms of disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 30 adult dogs were used, being 10 negative (ND) and 20 positive for CVL.All seropositive animals were subjected to clinical examination, observing the presence of characteristic clinical signs ofdisease, being divided into two groups: asymptomatic (AD, n = 10) and symptomatic (SD, n = 10) dogs. Blood samplesfrom all animals were collected to obtain serum for subsequent measurement of TNF-α, IL-10, CK and CK-MB. Datawere analyzed by Kruskal-Wallys test, followed by Dunns test. The correlation and influence of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α on CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK, were determined by Spearman correlation test and linear regression. To evaluatethe relationship between the clinical signs onset and the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-α, CK, CK-MB and CK-MB/CK serum...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Creatina Quinase/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Leishmania infantum , Troponina/análise , BiomarcadoresResumo
Background: Leishmaniosis are a chronic disease complex, which may vary from simple cutaneous lesions to a fatal visceral form, with elevated expansion within the urban centers. Fortaleza is an endemic area for VL and it has been presenting registers of human death in the past decade. The HVL seasonality, the HVL and CVL tendencies have been evaluated, along with the correlation and influence of the seroreactive dogs, of the euthanized dogs, of the abiotic environmental factors and the human and canine population over the coefficient of the HVL incidence, in the Fortaleza town between 2006 and 2012. Materials, Methods & Results: The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for the State University of Ceará Animal Use (CEUA/UECE), protocol nº 08622833-1. As a data source for the analysis of HVL and CVL, the monthly quantitative of notified and registered cases in the State of Ceará Health Secretariat (SESA) and in the Fortaleza Zoonosis Control Center (CCZ) was utilized respectively from 2006 to 2012. Fortaleza's population estimate during and after the census period, the rainfall average monthly rate (mm), the air relative humidity (%) and the temperature (°C), were provided, at the same period, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)., The data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey, linear regression and Spearman correlation test. The monthly average of HVL registered cases, between 2006 and 2012, did not differ significantly between the months of the year. The HVL incidence coefficient, per 100.000 inhabitants, presented a negative tendency, while the human lethality and mortality coefficients and the percentage of seroreactive dogs presented a positive, stationary and negative tendency, respectively. The percentage of euthanized dogs presented a slight correlation and did not influence the HVL incidence coefficient. On the other hand, the percentage of seroreactive dogs presented correlation and positive influence over the HVL incidence coefficient. The human population presented negative influence over the HVL, furthermore, the canine population also presented negative influence over the number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) human cases over the evaluated period. The average monthly values of the rainfall rate, of the air humidity and of the temperature demonstrate correlation, having the rainfall rate not presenting infl uence over the HVL incidence coeffi cient. On the other hand, the relative air humidity and the average temperature negatively influenced the LVH incidence coeffi cient. Discussion: In this study, a direct dependency between the canine and human cases according to the percentage of seroreactive dogs, a non-relation with the percentage of euthanized dogs and an inverse relation with the human and canine populations and the abiotic environmental factors (relative air humidity and average temperature) were observed. Therefore, it was concluded, that the seroreactive canine population control has influence over the HVL. This research creates perspectives for the identification of other factors that may influence the incidence of canine and human cases, such as vector density and the participation of other possible reservoirs within the domestic disease cycle. Furthermore, a deeper evaluation of the native vegetation, appointed by human action, is suggested.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Meio Ambiente , Doenças Negligenciadas/etiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/mortalidade , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , IncidênciaResumo
Adesão leucocitária é um evento fundamental para o processo inflamatório, culminando com o carreamento de células de defesa mediante ação de citocinas e moléculas de adesão que irão debelar o agente infeccioso. Dentre as moléculas de adesão, quatro grandes famílias se destacam: as integrinas, imunoglobulinas, selectinas e caderinas. Essas moléculas coordenam as várias fases da adesão leucocitária ao endotélio, promovendo rápida regulação de interações adesivas entre as células sanguíneas e o endotélio. Na presença de agentes moduladores como fármacos, alterações genéticas, patógenos, padrões moleculares associados aos patógenos(PAMPs) e padrões moleculares associados ao dano tecidual (DAMPs), há liberação de citocinas e alarminas que por sua vez suscitam uma resposta por parte do organismo. Muitas substâncias e fármacos alteram a adesão leucocitária, como: anticoagulantes, corticóides e anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais. Enfermidades que acometem os animais podem ser relacionadas à adesão leucocitária de duas formas: doenças que suscitem processo inflamatório que levem à migração de leucócitos(como doenças infecciosas e neoplasias) ou por um restrito grupo de doenças que inibem a adesão leucocitária. Alguns testes in vitro para avaliar a capacidade migratória dos leucócitos podem ser realizados, tais como os testes de quimiotaxia, de análise de mutações pontuais em moléculas de adesão, imunohistoquímica dentre outros. No entanto, algumas enfermidades que alteram a adesão leucocitária são pouco frequentes, e, assim, podem ser negligenciadas na clínica veterinária. A despeito da pouca literatura disponível, o estudo da adesão leucocitária é de extrema relevância na clínica médica veterinária. Desta forma, a presente revisão aborda desde os aspectos mais fundamentais acerca da etiologia, diagnóstico e fatores que interferem na homeostase dos mecanismos da adesão leucocitária.
Leukocyte adhesion is a key event for the full operation of inflammatory process, culminating with leukocytecarrying by cytokines and adhesion moleculesandsubsequently will eradicate the infectious agent. Adhesion molecules are insertedinto four major families: integrins, immunoglobulins, selectins and cadherins. These molecules coordinatevarious phases of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, promoting fast regulation of adhesive interactions between blood and endothelialcells. In presence of modulating agents,such as drugs, genetic disorders,pathogens, PAMPs and DAMPS, there is a production and/orrelease of cytokines, alarmins, which provokes a response by the organism. Many drugs and substances possess the ability to alter leukocyte adhesion, such as anticoagulants, corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The diseases that affect animals may be related to leukocyte adhesion in two ways: bya stimulationofinflammatory process and leadingtheleukocytes migration (such as infectious diseases and neoplasms) or by a suppression ofleukocyte adhesion. Many in vitro tests available have been used to evaluate the migration ability of leukocytes, such aschemotaxistests, single mutation analysisin adhesion molecules genes, immunohistochemistry, etc.However, some of the diseases related to failures in the leukocyte adhesion are rare, and, for this reason can be neglected in veterinary practice. Despite the lack of available literature, the study of leukocyte adhesion is very important in veterinary medicine. Thus, the present review focuses from the most fundamental aspects about the etiology, diagnosis and factors that affect the homeostasis mechanisms of leukocyte adhesion.
Assuntos
Medicina Veterinária , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Imunomodulação , Síndromes de ImunodeficiênciaResumo
A abundância de ectoparasitos em morcegos pode ser influenciada através de características associadas ao hospedeiro, tal como abrigo, tamanho do corpo, sexo, idade, ou sistema social. Estudos sobre o tema na Amazônia, especialmente a brasileira, são escassos. A área de estudo foi o Parque Zoobotânico (PZ), com tamanho aproximado de 150ha, localizado na cidade de Rio Branco-Ac. Os morcegos foram capturados com o auxílio de redes de neblina, as quais ficavam abertas das 18h00min às 22h00min, durante três dias/mês, ao longo de um ano. Os animais capturados foram colocados em sacos de pano e levados ao laboratório para coleta e identificação de ectoparasitos. Foram capturados 61 indivíduos de 11 espécies de morcegos. Dos morcegos capturados, 33 apresentaram pelo menos uma espécie de díptero ectoparasita. O morcego com o maior número de ectoparasitas coletados foi um indivíduo macho da espécie Phyllostomus elongatus, com 13 moscas ectoparasitas da espécie Trichobius costalimai. O grau de parasitismo parece estar sendo influenciado pelo microclima e pelos hábitos de cada espécie, tais como o tipo de abrigo utilizado e a formação de colônias.
The abundance of ectoparasites in bats can be influenced through characteristics associated to the host, just as shelter, size of the body, sex, age, or social system. Studies on thetheme in the Amazonian, especially the Brazilian rainforest, they are scarce. The study area was at the Zoobotanical Park (ZP), with approximate 150ha size, located in the Rio Branco city Acre/Brazil. The bats were captured with the mist-nets, which wereopen of the 6p.m.at 10p.m., during three days/months, along one year. The captured animals were put in cloth sacks and taken to the laboratory for collection and identification of ectoparasites batflies. Sixty one individuals of 11 species of bats were captured. Of the captured bats, 33 presented at least one type of ectoparasites batfly. The bat with the largest number of collected ectoparasites was a male individual of the Phyllostomus elongatusspecies, with 13 ectoparasites batflies of the species Trichobius costalimai. The degree of parasitism seems to be being influenced by the microclimate and for the habits of each species, such as the type of used shelter and the formation of colonies.
Assuntos
Animais , Quirópteros/parasitologia , Ectoparasitoses/veterinária , Ecossistema AmazônicoResumo
[...] O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se cães sadios (CN, n=10) e cães acometidos por leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) na forma sintomática, com pelo menos três sinais clínicos característicos da enfermidade (CS, n=10). O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado pelo método de Espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e a determinação da adesão leucocitária pelo método de coluna de nylon em amostras de sangue colhidas com anticoagulantes. No Grupo CS, os animais apresentaram elevado número de leucócitos (13,4x103 ± 4,20 leucócitos/µL), neutrofilia relativa (85%), anemia normocítica normocrômica e dois animais apresentaram trombocitopenia. No grupo CN todos os parâmetros hematológicos estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie canina. A adesão leucocitária em amostras de sangue recolhidas em citrato, heparina e EDTA no CN foram 43,45%, 13,84% e 9,04%, e no CS foram 55,62%, 5,28% e 10,46%, respectivamente. A adesão leucocitária foi maior em CS, mas não houve diferença significativa entre os anticoagulantes. Quando comparadas as taxas de adesão leucocitária, entre os três anticoagulantes, houve diferença significativa (p<0.05) entre a heparina e os demais anticoagulantes em ambos os grupos. Em acréscimo a esses resultados, a adesão leucocitária se deveu basicamente pela ativação de neutrófilos e houve diferença significativa (p <0,05) na proporção de neutrófilos em sangue com heparina quando comparado com os demais anticoagulantes tanto em CN como em CS. Na comparação isolada dos anticoagulantes apenas o citrato apresentou diferença significativa quando comparados os grupos CN e CS. A análise do estresse oxidativo pelo método TBARS demonstrou um redução dos níveis de substâncias que levam ao estresse oxidativo em CS em comparação ao CN. Portanto, na LVC o estresse oxidativo está aumentado e a adesão leucocitária é melhor estudada no sangue heparinizado em relação ao sangue com EDTA e citrato.
[...] The study was conducted using healthy dogs (ND, n = 10) and dogs affected with canine visceral leishmaniasis in symptomatic form (SD, n = 10). Oxidative stress was measured by the TBARS method and the leukocyte adhesion determination was accessed by the column method nylon in blood samples collected with anticoagulants. SD group animals showed a high number of leukocytes (13.4 ± 4.20 x103 leukocytes / μL), relative neutrophilia (85%), normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia in two animals. All animals in the SD had three or more characteristic clinical signs of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Hematologic parameters are within normal range for the canine species in ND. Leukocyte adhesion in blood samples collected in citrate, EDTA and heparin in ND were 43.45%, 13.84% and 9.04%, and SD were 55.62%, 5.28% and 10.46 %, respectively. The leukocyte adhesion was higher in SD, but no significant difference between anticoagulants was founded. When comparing leukocyte adhesion rates between the three anticoagulants, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between heparin and other anticoagulants in both groups. In addition, leukocyte adhesion was caused primarily by activation of neutrophils and significant difference (p <0.05) was founded in neutrophils proportion in blood with heparin compared with other anticoagulants in both ND and SD. When comparing isolated anticoagulants, only citrate showed significant difference when comparing the groups ND and SD. Oxidative stress analysis by TBARS method showed a level reduction of substances that lead to oxidative stress in comparison to the SD and ND. Therefore, oxidative stress is increased in CVL and leukocyte adhesion is better studied in heparinized blood for blood with EDTA and citrate.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Adesão Celular/imunologia , Cães/metabolismo , Cães/parasitologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Heparina , Ácido Cítrico , Ácido EdéticoResumo
[...] O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se cães sadios (CN, n=10) e cães acometidos por leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) na forma sintomática, com pelo menos três sinais clínicos característicos da enfermidade (CS, n=10). O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado pelo método de Espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e a determinação da adesão leucocitária pelo método de coluna de nylon em amostras de sangue colhidas com anticoagulantes. No Grupo CS, os animais apresentaram elevado número de leucócitos (13,4x103 ± 4,20 leucócitos/µL), neutrofilia relativa (85%), anemia normocítica normocrômica e dois animais apresentaram trombocitopenia. No grupo CN todos os parâmetros hematológicos estavam dentro da normalidade para a espécie canina. A adesão leucocitária em amostras de sangue recolhidas em citrato, heparina e EDTA no CN foram 43,45%, 13,84% e 9,04%, e no CS foram 55,62%, 5,28% e 10,46%, respectivamente. A adesão leucocitária foi maior em CS, mas não houve diferença significativa entre os anticoagulantes. Quando comparadas as taxas de adesão leucocitária, entre os três anticoagulantes, houve diferença significativa (p<0.05) entre a heparina e os demais anticoagulantes em ambos os grupos. Em acréscimo a esses resultados, a adesão leucocitária se deveu basicamente pela ativação de neutrófilos e houve diferença significativa (p <0,05) na proporção de neutrófilos em sangue com heparina quando comparado com os demais anticoagulantes tanto em CN como em CS. Na comparação isolada dos anticoagulantes apenas o citrato apresentou diferença significativa quando comparados os grupos CN e CS. A análise do estresse oxidativo pelo método TBARS demonstrou um redução dos níveis de substâncias que levam ao estresse oxidativo em CS em comparação ao CN. Portanto, na LVC o estresse oxidativo está aumentado e a adesão leucocitária é melhor estudada no sangue heparinizado em relação ao sangue com EDTA e citrato.(AU)
[...] The study was conducted using healthy dogs (ND, n = 10) and dogs affected with canine visceral leishmaniasis in symptomatic form (SD, n = 10). Oxidative stress was measured by the TBARS method and the leukocyte adhesion determination was accessed by the column method nylon in blood samples collected with anticoagulants. SD group animals showed a high number of leukocytes (13.4 ± 4.20 x103 leukocytes / μL), relative neutrophilia (85%), normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia in two animals. All animals in the SD had three or more characteristic clinical signs of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Hematologic parameters are within normal range for the canine species in ND. Leukocyte adhesion in blood samples collected in citrate, EDTA and heparin in ND were 43.45%, 13.84% and 9.04%, and SD were 55.62%, 5.28% and 10.46 %, respectively. The leukocyte adhesion was higher in SD, but no significant difference between anticoagulants was founded. When comparing leukocyte adhesion rates between the three anticoagulants, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between heparin and other anticoagulants in both groups. In addition, leukocyte adhesion was caused primarily by activation of neutrophils and significant difference (p <0.05) was founded in neutrophils proportion in blood with heparin compared with other anticoagulants in both ND and SD. When comparing isolated anticoagulants, only citrate showed significant difference when comparing the groups ND and SD. Oxidative stress analysis by TBARS method showed a level reduction of substances that lead to oxidative stress in comparison to the SD and ND. Therefore, oxidative stress is increased in CVL and leukocyte adhesion is better studied in heparinized blood for blood with EDTA and citrate.(AU)