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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are extensively used in veterinary practice. COX-2 inhibitors are considered to be safer than non-selective inhibitors; however, there are few studies address of their long-term use in equine species. The goal of this study was to identify the possible adverse effects of meloxicam (a preferential COX-2 inhibitor) in healthy horses, administered at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, orally, once a day, for 28 days. A paired test was performed with seven animals, and the clinical, hematological, biochemical, and gastroscopic parameters, as well as bleeding time, were evaluated in five timepoints and an electrocardiogram at three timepoints. No relevant adverse effects were observed in terms of the parameters evaluated. Significant differences were found in heart rate, AST and P wave duration, segmented neutrophils (%), and the levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH, compared with these parameters at T0; however, no animal manifested clinical alterations. Gastroscopy revealed discrete lesions (Grade 1) in the squamous gastric mucosa on day 14 of treatment in all animals; however, at the end of the study (day 28) these lesions had regressed to grade 0 in three of the horses and remained at grade 1 in the other four animals. Based on these results, we conclude that the use of meloxicam at a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg, orally, for 28 consecutive days, did not cause relevant adverse effects in healthy horses.(AU)

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides são amplamente utilizados na prática veterinária e os inibidores da COX-2 são propostos como mais seguros que os inibidores não seletivos, porém, poucos estudos abordam seu uso por tempo prolongado na espécie equina. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os possíveis efeitos adversos do uso de meloxicam (inibidor preferencial da COX-2) em equinos hígidos, na dose de 0,6 mg/kg, por via oral, uma vez ao dia, durante 28 dias. Um teste pareado foi realizado com sete animais e os parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos, tempo de sangramento e gastroscópicos foram avaliados em cinco momentos e eletrocardiograma em três. Não foram observados efeitos adversos relevantes nos parâmetros avaliados. As variáveis frequência cardíaca, eritrócitos, hemoglobina, hematócrito, HCM, neutrófilos segmentados, AST e duração da onda P apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao T0, porém nenhum animal manifestou alterações clínicas. Na gastroscopia foram observadas lesões discretas (grau 1) na mucosa gástrica escamosa no dia 14 de tratamento em todos os animais, porém, ao final do estudo (dia 28) essas lesões regrediram para grau 0 em três pacientes e permaneceram em grau 1 em quatro animais. O uso de meloxicam na dose diária de 0,6mg/kg, por via oral, durante 28 dias consecutivos, não causou efeitos adversos relevantes em cavalos hígidos.(AU)

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There are few long-term field studies on the effects of biochar on soil microbial abundance and diversity. This study aimed to evaluate doses of biochar in combination with mineral fertilizer on the activity and diversity of microorganisms in the soil of a sugarcane field. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, factorial 5 × 2, with four replications: five doses of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) wood biochar (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 Mg ha−1), with and without the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) mineral fertilizer. Soil samples were collected from the sugarcane planting line and fertilized with biochar for two consecutive years. Regardless of the NPK fertilizer, over the two years of evaluation, the height growth of sugarcane plants and total organic carbon (TOC) increased linearly with biochar doses. For microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMIC), and Shannon diversity index (H), the highest values were obtained where fertility correction (WFC) treatments were applied, regardless of the year of evaluation, in biochar doses between 20 and 30 Mg ha−1. On the other hand, the highest CO2 efflux values were obtained with zero doses of biochar, regardless of the NPK fertilizer applied, over the two years of evaluation. Therefore, the incorporation of biochar and NPK fertilizer into the soil contributes to increasing the soil's biological activity indicators and, consequently, the growth of sugarcane plants. It is essential to highlight the need for continuous assessments as the characteristics of biochar change over time.

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Cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported in birds. Among pet birds, they are most documented in psittacine birds. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease frequently found in poultry but with few reports in both pet and wild birds. An elderly male green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) died suddenly after presenting intermittent clinical signs of dyspnea, weakness, and vocalization changes. A general increase in cardiac size with a bulging apex was observed at necropsy. The heart exhibited an enlarged left ventricular space and flaccid musculature on the cut section. The liver was diffusely enlarged with rounded edges. No other gross lesions were observed. Samples were collected in 10% formalin and routinely processed. Histologically, bundles of myocardial fibers were irregularly arranged, with markedly elongated myofibrils and irregular cell contours. Additionally, multifocal areas of disruption were observed between the myofibrils. Diffuse hepatic congestion of sinusoids and portal veins was observed, and diffuse edema in the interstitium and para bronchi was present in the lungs. The clinical signs observed were nonspecific and can be found in several diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of birds. The gross and histological findings are compatible with what has been described for dilated cardiomyopathy in birds; however, left ventricular dilatation is uncommon in avian patients. Heart diseases in pet birds are still underdiagnosed, and reports of cardiomyopathies are limited to psittacine birds. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a dilated cardiomyopathy in a passerine bird.(AU)

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the impact of simulators on the training of urology residents in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Methods: The study involved training eight urology residents, using two artificial simulators; one developed by the Universidade Estadual do Pará, using three-dimensional printing technology, and the other one patented by the medical equipment manufacturer Boston Scientific The qualification of residents took place through a training course, consisting of an adaptation phase (S0), followed by three training sessions, with weekly breaks between them (S1, S2 and S3). Study members should carry out a RIRS in a standardized way, with step-by-step supervision by the evaluator using a checklist. The participants' individual performance was verified through a theoretical assessment, before and after training (pre- and post-training), as well as by the score achieved in each session on a scale called global psychomotor skill score. In S3, residents performed an analysis of the performance and quality of the simulation, by completing the scale of student satisfaction and self confidence in learning (SSSCL). Results: At the end of the course, everyone was able to perform the procedure in accordance with the standard. The training provided a learning gain and a considerable improvement in skills and competencies in RIRS, with p < 0.05. SSSCL demonstrated positive feedback, with an overall approval rating of 96%. Conclusions: Artificial simulators proved to be excellent auxiliary tools in the training of urology residents in RIRS.

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Soaps play an important role in our hygiene and health, as they not only have a bactericidal effect but also remove dirt from the human body. To evaluate the effectiveness of soaps with antimicrobial activity from different commercial brands sold in Brazil. Tests of the antimicrobial activity of different soaps were carried out through diffusion in agar against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans. All commercial soaps tested transfer antimicrobial inhibition halo formation against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. Only two commercial soaps inhibit the species A. baumannii and C. albicans. None of the seven products studied showed inhibition of E. cloacae, P. mirabilis, and E. coli bacteria. When comparing the information contained in the packaging of the products with the results obtained during a survey, divergences were observed. The soaps that provide greater efficiency against the tested microorganisms were presented in presentations 1 and 2, which become useful against the bacteria species S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii and a fungus species C. albicans. Marks 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 parallel the same sensitivity result opposite as bacteria of the species S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with quantitative variation only of the inhibition halo. There was a divergence between the information contained in the packaging of the seven products under study and the results of the experimental tests.

Os sabonetes têm um papel importante para a nossa higiene e saúde, pois eles além de ter efeito bactericida, também removem as sujeiras presentes no corpo humano. Avaliar a eficácia de sabonetes com atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes marcas comerciais vendidas no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios da atividade antimicrobiana dos diferentes sabonetes através do método difusão em ágar frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis e Candida albicans. Todos os sabonetes comerciais testados apresentaram formação de halo de inibição antimicrobiana frente às bactérias S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Apenas dois sabonetes comerciais apresentaram inibição das espécies A. baumannii e C. albicans. Nenhum dos sete produtos estudados apresentou inibição das bactérias E. cloacae, P. mirabilis e E. coli. Na comparação das informações contidas nas embalagens dos produtos com os resultados obtidos durante a pesquisa realizada foram observadas divergências. Os sabonetes que apresentaram maior eficiência contra os microrganismos testados foram aqueles das apresentações 1 e 2, que se mostraram eficazes contra as espécies de bactérias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e A. baumannii e contra a espécie de fungo C. albicans. As marcas 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7 apresentaram o mesmo resultado de sensibilidade frente as bactérias das espécies S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, com variação quantitativa apenas do halo de inibição. Houve divergência entre as informações contidas nas embalagens dos sete produtos em estudo e os resultados dos testes experimentais.

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The Brazilian forestry sector stands out for its technology, forestry management practices, social and environmental responsibility and, mainly, for its high productivity and exotic pests can reduce it. The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is an important pest in Eucalyptus plantations. The parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), predatory bugs and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the natural enemies and used in the biological control of the red gum lerp psyllid. The use of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic pests is increasing in the forestry sector and the prospecting and identification of fungus isolates is important for integrated pest management. The objective of this work was the isolation and molecular identification of Cordyceps spp. And to evaluate the pathogenicity of isolates, obtained from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults, against to the red gum lerp psyllid G. brimblecombei. The fungi were isolated from B. tabaci adults found in soybean and tomato crops and molecularly identified. The conidia obtained were suspended in solution with Tween 80 (0.1%) at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 conidia/mL and sprayed on ten G. brimblecombei nymphs per Eucalyptus leaf cut and placed on a hydroretentive gel inside per Petri dishes as a replication. The number of dead insects was quantified, daily, for seven days, and transferred to humid chambers. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) and C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 and LCBPF 63) were identified with a molecular analysis and all isolates were pathogenic to the insects and indicates that they could be used to manage G. brimblecombei and adds to reports that, normally, fungi cause greater mortality on insects of the same order as that from which they were isolated.

O setor florestal brasileiro se destaca pela tecnologia, práticas de manejo florestal, responsabilidade social e ambiental e, principalmente, alta produtividade, mas pragas exóticas podem reduzir isto. O parasitoide Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), percevejos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos como Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae são inimigos naturais usados no controle biológico do psilídeo-de-concha do eucalipto Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), praga em plantios de eucalipto. A utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos contra pragas exóticas vem aumentando no setor florestal e a prospecção e identificação de isolados fúngicos é importante para o manejo integrado de pragas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento e identificação molecular de Cordyceps spp. e avaliar a patogenicidade dos isolados de Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e Cordyceps fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63), obtidos de adultos de Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), ao psilídeo-de-concha G. brimblecombei. Os fungos foram isolados de adultos de B. tabaci encontrados em culturas de soja e tomate e identificados molecularmente. Os conídios foram suspensos em solução com Tween 80 (0,1%) na concentração de 1,0 x 108 conídios/mL e pulverizados sobre dez ninfas de G. brimblecombei por folha de Eucalyptus cortada e colocada sobre gel hidrorretentor no interior de placas de Petri por repetição. O número de insetos mortos foi quantificado, diariamente, por sete dias e transferidos para câmaras úmidas. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63) foram identificados por análise molecular e todos os isolados foram patogênicos para os insetos. Isto indica serem importantes para o manejo de G. brimblecombei e confirma relatos de que, normalmente, fungos causam maiores mortalidades em insetos da mesma ordem daquela da qual foram isolados.

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Abstract Routine blood culture is used for the detection of bloodstream infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and by common pathogenic yeasts. A retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Maceió-AL, by collecting data of all medical records with positive blood cultures. Out of the 2,107 blood cultures performed, 17% were positive with Staphylococcus coagulase negative (51.14%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.21%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.32%). Gram-positive bacteria predominated among positive blood cultures, highlighting the group of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. While Gram-negative bacteria had a higher number of species among positive blood cultures.

Resumo A cultura sanguínea de rotina é usada para a detecção de infecções na corrente sanguínea por bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias e por leveduras patogênicas comuns. Estudo retrospectivo realizado em hospital público de Maceió-AL, por meio da coleta de dados de todos os prontuários com culturas sanguíneas positivas. Das 2.107 culturas sanguíneas realizadas, 17% foram positivas com Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (51,14%), seguido por Staphylococcus aureus (11,21%) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (6,32%). As bactérias Gram-positiva predominaram entre as culturas de sangue positivas, destacando-se o grupo das Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. Enquanto as bactérias Gram-negativas apresentaram um número maior de espécies entre as culturas de sangue positivas.

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Abstract Routine blood culture is used for the detection of bloodstream infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and by common pathogenic yeasts. A retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Maceió-AL, by collecting data of all medical records with positive blood cultures. Out of the 2,107 blood cultures performed, 17% were positive with Staphylococcus coagulase negative (51.14%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.21%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.32%). Gram-positive bacteria predominated among positive blood cultures, highlighting the group of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. While Gram-negative bacteria had a higher number of species among positive blood cultures.

Resumo A cultura sanguínea de rotina é usada para a detecção de infecções na corrente sanguínea por bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias e por leveduras patogênicas comuns. Estudo retrospectivo realizado em hospital público de Maceió-AL, por meio da coleta de dados de todos os prontuários com culturas sanguíneas positivas. Das 2.107 culturas sanguíneas realizadas, 17% foram positivas com Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (51,14%), seguido por Staphylococcus aureus (11,21%) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (6,32%). As bactérias Gram-positiva predominaram entre as culturas de sangue positivas, destacando-se o grupo das Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. Enquanto as bactérias Gram-negativas apresentaram um número maior de espécies entre as culturas de sangue positivas.

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Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international state of emergency in order to contain the rapid spread of COVID-19. To ensure that there is adherence to preventive measures by the population aimed at controlling the pandemic in Alagoas, it is expected that knowledge, behavior and practices play an important role in preventing and controlling the disease. In this sense, it becomes relevant to understand the knowledge of the population about the disease. To evaluate the knowledge, behavior and practices of social media users during social isolation to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Alagoas, Northeast, Brazil. A probabilistic sample was carried out across the entire territory of the state of Alagoas with those who have access to a device that accesses the internet and a cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire applied to a convenience sample, recruited between August 2021 and July 2022 by snowball sampling. The questionnaire consisted of seven sessions, the first collecting data on the socioeconomic and sociodemographic profile of the participants, and the other sessions involving knowledge, attitudes and practices, including topics related to the vaccination that had to be administered at that time. High popular knowledge about signs and symptoms, means of transmission and risk groups. Low knowledge about seeking health services. Based on the results obtained, information from official channels became relevant to better teach the population in order to reduce the impact of COVID-19.

Resumo A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou um estado de emergência de caráter internacional, a fim de conter o rápido avanço da COVID-19. Para garantir que haja aderência às medidas preventivas pela população visando o controle da pandemia, em Alagoas, espera-se que conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas desempenhem um papel importante na prevenção e controle da doença, nesse sentido, torna-se relevante entender o saber da população acerca da doença. Avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas de usuários de redes sociais durante o isolamento social para evitar a transmissão do coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 no estado de Alagoas, Nordeste, Brasil. Foi realizada uma amostra probabilística em todo o território do estado de Alagoas com aqueles que possuem acesso a algum dispositivo que acesse a internet e realizado um Estudo transversal através de um questionário online aplicado em amostra de conveniência, recrutada entre agosto de 2021 e julho de 2022 por snowball sampling. O questionário consistia em sete sessões, a primeira coletando dados sobre o perfil socioeconômico e sociodemográfico dos participantes, e as demais sessões envolvendo conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas, incluindo tópicos relacionados à vacinação que havia de ser administrada naquele momento. Alto conhecimento popular sobre os sinais e sintomas, meios de transmissão e grupos de risco. Baixo conhecimento sobre procurar o serviço de saúde. A partir dos resultados obtidos tornou-se relevante as informações por órgãos oficiais para melhor conhecimento da população a fim de reduzir o impacto da COVID-19.

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Sesbania virgata is a native Brazilian plant species. It exhibits rapid growth, a high soil cover potential, and efficient soil seed bank formation and is used in environmental restoration projects. The soil seed bank is susceptible to fungal infection and other biotic factors. However, only a few studies have reported on the fungi on the surface of S. virgata seeds. Moreover, little is known about how substances present in the seed integument affect fungal communities and their role in adapting to and thriving in new environments. Herein, S. virgata seeds were collected from populations that produce or do not produce the flavonoid catechin in the seed coat. These seeds were subjected to laboratory tests to identify and quantify the fungal populations in the integument. We selected and subjected three genera to irrigation and inoculation tests with S. virgata extracts and seeds from both populations. We observed that the aqueous seed coat extracts inhibited Alternaria sp. micellar and augmented Phoma sp. growth. Phoma sp. also caused post-germinated seed lethality. Our data indicate that the seed coat of S. virgata contains antifungal substances that endow this species with an adaptive advantage.(AU)

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for application in cell therapy and tissue engineering procedures because of their plasticity and capacity to differentiate into different cell types. Given the widespread use of MSCs, it is necessary to better understand some properties related to osteogenic differentiation, particularly those linked to biomaterials used in tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to develop an analysis method using FT-Raman spectroscopy for the identification and quantification of biochemical components present in conditioned culture media derived from MSCs with or without induction of osteogenic differentiation. All experiments were performed between passages 3 and 5. For this analysis, MSCs were cultured on scaffolds composed of bioresorbable poly(hydroxybutyrate co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymers. MSCs (GIBCO®) were inoculated onto the pure polymers and 75:25 PHBV/PCL blend (dense and porous samples). The plate itself was used as control. The cells were maintained in DMEM (with low glucose) containing GlutaMAX® and 10% FBS at 37ºC with 5% CO2 for 21 days. The conditioned culture media were collected and analyzed to probe for functional groups, as well as possible molecular variations associated with cell differentiation and metabolism. The method permitted to identify functional groups of specific molecules in the conditioned medium such as cholesterol, phosphatidylinositol, triglycerides, beta-subunit polypeptides, amide regions and hydrogen bonds of proteins, in addition to DNA expression. In the present study, FT-Raman spectroscopy exhibited limited resolution since different molecules can express similar or even the same stretching vibrations, a fact that makes analysis difficult. There were no variations in the readings between the samples studied. In conclusion, FT-Raman spectroscopy did not meet expectations under the conditions studied.

As células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) possuem grande potencial para aplicação em procedimentos terapêuticos ligados a terapia celular e engenharia de tecidos, considerando-se a plasticidade e capacidade de formação em diferentes tipos celulares por elas. Dada a abrangência no emprego das MSCs, há necessidade de se compreender melhor algumas propriedades relacionadas à diferenciação osteogênica, particularmente liga à biomateriais usados em engenharia de tecidos. Este projeto objetiva o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de análise empregando-se a FT-Raman para identificação e quantificação de componentes bioquímicos presentes em meios de cultura condicionados por MSCs, com ou sem indução à diferenciação osteogênica. Todos os experimentos foram realizados entre as passagens 3 e 5. Para essas análises, as MSCs foram cultivadas sobre arcabouços de polímeros biorreabsorvíveis de poli (hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV) e o poli (ε-caprolactona) (PCL). As MSCs (GIBCO®) foram inoculadas nos polímeros puros e na mistura 75:25 de PHBV / PCL (amostras densas e porosas). As células foram mantidas em DMEM (com baixa glicose) contendo GlutaMAX® e 10% de SFB a 37oC com 5% de CO2 por 21 dias. A própria placa foi usada como controle. Os meios de cultura condicionados foram coletados e analisadas em FT-Raman para sondagem de grupos funcionais, bem como possíveis variações moleculares associadas com a diferenciação e metabolismo celular. Foi possível discernir grupos funcionais de moléculas específicas no meio condicionado, como colesterol, fosfatidilinositol, triglicerídeos, forma Beta de polipeptídeos, regiões de amida e ligações de hidrogênio de proteínas, além da expressão de DNA. Na presente avaliação, a FT-Raman apresentou como uma técnica de resolução limitada, uma vez que modos vibracionais de estiramento próximos ou mesmo iguais podem ser expressos por moléculas diferente, dificultando a [...].

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The emperor tamarin, Tamarinus imperator, is composed of two subspecies, the nominal type, T. i. imperator, distribut-ed between the Acre and Purus Rivers, whose range is limited between the Brazilian state of Acre and Peru are unbounded, and T. i. subgrisescens, occurring in Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, in the Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas. Morphologically, both taxa are easily identifiable by the pelage pattern (chromogenetic fields), and even being easily distinguishable, both lineages are con-sidered subspecies according to the criterion based on the Biological Concept of Species from the 1970s, even without presenting some necessary criteria, such as the intergradation zone. Here we analyzed pelage traits, cranial morphometry, Cytochrome-b di-vergence, and distributional pattern data applying the premises of integrative taxonomy to elucidate the taxonomic status of both lineages. We hypothesize that both lineages are considered full species through a series of criteria for species recognition, such as distinguishability, level of phenotypical divergences of several morphological complexes with congruence among them, and some genetic divergence. The hybridization is unknown and the low or the lack of sampling in target areas does not allow us to determine whether a hybridization or even contact zone between the two lineages exists indeed. All character sets analyzed were congruent with each other and reinforced the high level of divergences between the two subspecies including several pelage differences, mor-phometry (descriptive statistics, PCA, and MANOVA), and mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome-b divergence. Most of the distribution in both lineages are allopatric, and the levels of intra-lineage phenotypical variation are much lower than between the lineages.(AU)

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Diversos estudos relacionados à viabilidade e eficiência do uso de materiais alternativos ao globo de Vernon têm sido realizados, principalmente em decorrência ao preço elevado do cobre, componente do instrumento padrão. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência da utilização de caneca de alumínio como material alternativo para substituição do globo de Vernon. Para a confecção do protótipo empregou-se uma caneca de alumínio, utilizada em pistola de pintura, com capacidade de 50 ml. A caneca foi pintada com tinta preto-fosca, em duas camadas e um termômetro de mercúrio foi inserido ao centro. Para realização dos testes foram utilizados quatro equipamentos (dois globos de Vernon e dois globos negros alternativos). Foram efetuados testes prévios de comportamento temporal. Estabelecido o tempo, as temperaturas dos globos foram coletadas durante sete dias consecutivos, em três períodos, de 15 minutos cada. Os registros de temperatura foram realizados a cada cinco minutos, num total de 84 por equipamento. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva com o r2 de 0,9927, estabelecendo uma forte correlação entre os resultados de temperatura média do globo negro alternativo e globo de Vernon. Conclui-se que o globo negro alternativo do tipo caneca de alumínio mostrou-se eficiente para aferição da temperatura de globo negro em estudos de ambiência em substituição ao Globo de Vernon.(AU)

Several studies related to the feasibility and efficiency of using alternative materials to Vernon's globe have been carried out, mainly due to the high price of copper, a component of the standard instrument. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of using an aluminum mug as an alternative material for replacing Vernon's globe. To make the prototype, an aluminum mug was used, used in a paint gun, with a capacity of 50 ml. The mug was painted with matte black paint, in two layers and a mercury thermometer was inserted in the center. Four pieces of equipment were used to carry out the tests (two Vernon globes and two alternative black globes). Previous temporal behavior tests were carried out. Once the time was established, the globes' temperatures were collected for seven consecutive days, in three periods of 15 minutes each. Temperature records were taken every five minutes, a total of 84 per equipment. Data were subjected to Pearson's correlation analysis. The results indicated a positive correlation with the r2 of 0.9927, establishing a strong correlation between the mean temperature results of the alternative black globe and Vernon's globe. It is concluded that the alternative black globe of the aluminum mug type proved tobe efficient for measuring the temperature of the black globe in ambience studies, replacing the Vernon Globe.(AU)

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A avaliação da composição da carcaça do gado gera informações relevantes sobre a qualidade e rendimento final dos produtos cárneos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as correlações das medidas ultrassonográficas in vivo do Longissimus lumborum com os componentes físico-químicos de ovinos Santa Inês de um ano de idade criados em sistema extensivo. A avaliação ultrassonográfica foi realizada da área de olho de lombo (USrea), profundidade do lombo (USld), largura do lombo (USlw) e espessura de gordura subcutânea (USsft). Após o abate, os cortes de carne foram pesados ​​e o rendimento de carcaça calculado. dia 12a costela do lado esquerdo foi separada da carcaça e dissecada, após o que ossos, músculos e gordura individuais foram separados e pesados. Os componentes foram reagrupados, triturados e coletados para avaliação centesimal. Correlações positivas significativas (p < 0,05) foram encontradas entre as medidas de ultrassom e as métricas de carne, exceto para o comprimento do lombo, que apresentou baixa correlação. Correlações significativas (p < 0,05) foram encontradas entre os músculos e as medidas de USld, USrea e USsft. As correlações (p < 0,05) entre os ossos e USld e USrea foram negativas e significativas. USsft apresentou correlação (p < 0,05) com o rendimento de carcaça. Assim, as medidas de ultrassom associadas ao Longissimus lumborumpode constituir uma valiosa ferramenta para avaliação dos componentes físico-químicos e da carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês de um ano de idade criados em sistemas extensivos.(AU)

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This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed [...].

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos [...].

Resumo

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Resumo

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Resumo

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in dogs with brain neoplasms (BN) may be associated with complications owing to increased intracranial pressure caused by expansive lesions. Although this procedure has been performed in dogs with BN, no data regarding complications after CSF tap in these animals is available. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to identify the rate and types of complications observed after CSF taps in dogs with BN. Thirty dogs with BN were included in the study. In 83% (25/30) of the cases, clinical recovery after CSF tap was considered normal, and in 17% (5/30) the recovery was abnormal. The main clinical and neurological signs observed in dogs with abnormal clinical recovery were apnea (5/5), absence of pupillary photomotor reflex (3/5), coma (2/5), and stupor (1/5). In 40% (2/5) of the dogs, herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum was observed on necropsy. In conclusion, the rate of complications after CSF taps was 17%, and was characterized by apnea, absent pupillary photomotor reflex, altered level of consciousness, and encephalic herniation.

A colheita do líquido cerebroespinhal (LCE) em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos (NE) pode estar associada a complicações devido ao aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC), causada pela lesão expansiva. Embora o procedimento seja realizado em cães com NE, não foram encontrados dados referentes às complicações após colheita de LCE nesses pacientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo retrospectivo foi identificar a taxa, bem como os tipos de complicações observadas após a colheita de LCE em cães com neoplasma encefálico. Dos 30 cães com NE incluídos no estudo, em 83% (25/30) dos casos a evolução clínica após a colheita do LCE foi considerada normal e, em 17% (5/30) anormal. Os principais sinais clínicos e neurológicos observados nos cães com evolução clínica anormal foram apneia (5/5), reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente (3/5), coma (2/5) e estupor (1/5). Em 40% (2/5) foi observado herniação do cerebelo na necropsia. Com base nos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a taxa de complicações após a colheita de LCE foi baixa (17%) e as alterações encontradas foram apneia, seguido de reflexo fotomotor pupilar ausente, alteração no nível de consciência e herniação encefálica.

Resumo

Cannibalism is a frequent behavior in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) larvae either in the field or in a laboratory. The purpose of this work was to investigate the factors temperature and food quantity on the cannibal behavior in instars of this insect under laboratory conditions. The neonates were conditioned at temperatures of 22, 25, 28 and 31 ± 1°C until they reached the 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar. The number of 20 larvae were transferred to different gerbox® with the amount of food varying from 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g of artificial diet. Cannibalism was evaluated after 72 hours. In all the instars evaluated, the larvae showed cannibalistic behavior as a function of temperature and amount of food. The amount of 15 g of artificial diet is sufficient to feed the 3rd and 4th instar larval for 72h, regardless of temperature. For the 5th instar this amount is 10 g.(AU)

Resumo

The diagnosis of unstable non-acid milk (UNAM) in Brazil is overlooked due to the lack of information about this problem available to dairy farmers, mainly in the North region of the country. This report describes the occurrence of UNAM in three dairy farms of family farmers in northern Tocantins state, Brazil, who use animal feed based on Urochloa brizantha without mineral supplementation. The animals had been subjected to a poor feeding practice, with low quantity and quality, due to the dry period in the region and inappropriate nutritional management. Fourteen animals that presented alterations in milk characteristics were subjected to 72% alizarol test, California mastitis test, strip cup test, somatic cell count (SCC), boil test, physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, and search for undesirable substances. The time of lactation, udder health, and serum glucose level of animals, and soil and forage quality were also evaluated. The results showed 42% animals diagnosed with mastitis, 21% of them with clinical and 21% with subclinical mastitis; and 78% of animals with samples positive for the alizarol and boil tests, and Dornic acidity between 14° and 18°, characterizing positive cases for UNAM. Only one animal presented SCC above the limit established by the Brazilian legislation. The animals presented undamaged teats and no alteration in glycemia. Changes in nutritional management were recommended and done and the alizarol tests were redone after 14 days, showing all negative results for UNAM. The conclusion is that incorrect nutritional management is the main cause of UNAN in the studied cases.(AU)

O diagnóstico do leite instável não ácido (LINA) no Brasil ainda é negligenciado devido à falta de informação dos produtores acerca do problema, principalmente na região norte do país. Este relato descreve a ocorrência de leite instável não ácido (LINA) em três propriedades de agricultura familiar localizadas no norte do Tocantins cuja alimentação dos animais era à base de Urochloa brizantha e sem suplementação mineral. Os animais passavam por restrição alimentar, com quantidade e qua-lidade prejudicadas em função do período de seca e de um manejo nutricional inadequado. Foi realizado teste do Alizarol 70%, California Mastitis Tests, Teste de Caneca Telada, CCS, teste da fervura, além de análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e pes-quisa de substâncias indesejáveis em 14 animais que apresentaram alterações em seu leite. Também foram avaliados o tempo de lactação, a saúde do úbere e os níveis de glicose sérica dos animais, além da qualidade do solo e das forrageiras oferecidas. 42% dos animais foram diagnosticados com mastite, destes, 21% clínica e 21% subclínica. 78% dos animais obtiveram amostra com resul-tado positivo no teste do alizarol e no teste da fervura e acidez Dornic entre 14° e 18, caracterizando casos positivos para LINA. Apenas um animal apresentou CCS acima do preconizado pela legislação. Os animais apresentaram tetos íntegros e não altera-ção da glicemia. Foram sugeridas mudanças no manejo nutricional, e após 14 dias foram refeitos os testes do Alizarol com todos resultados negativos para LINA. Concluiu-se que os casos estudados têm como principal causa o manejo nutricional incorreto.(AU)