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The effects of antibiotics on sperm longevity in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) fresh diluted semen was evaluated. Semen samples from six adult males were collected by electroejaculation and diluted in Tris-citrate-fructose alone (control) and plus streptomycin-penicillin (2 mg/ml-2000 IU/ml) or gentamicin (70 µg/ml). Membrane integrity and functionality, mitochondrial activity and sperm morphology were assessed subjectively. Sperm motility and other kinetic parameters were objectively assessed using CASA (computer-assisted semen analysis). The semen diluted according to the treatments were submitted to the thermoresistance test, incubated at 37 ° C, and the sperm parameters analyzed at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. The average values of the treatments were compared with each other and between the times. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments until the end of the test. Control and streptomycin-penicillin samples maintained sperm function for up to 180 min (with total motility of 24.3 ± 7.1% and 28 ± 8.7%, respectively). Gentamicin aliquots retained most parameters until the end of the incubation, except for membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity that declined (P < 0.05) at 180 min (53.1 ± 7.1% and 50.7 ± 6.2%, respectively) compared to 0 min (80.5 ± 4.7% and 86.3 ± 3.4%, respectively). In conclusion, a multiparametric thermoresistance test proved that Tris-based extenders used for collared peccary semen can be effectively supplemented by streptomycin-penicillin (2 mg/ml-2000 IU/ml) or gentamicin (70 µg/ml), especially during 180-min incubation at 37 °C.(AU)

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A biodiversidade das abelhas africanizadas (Apis melífera) encontra-se sob grande ameaça e, neste cenário as investigações acerca da biologia reprodutiva, alguns aspectos ainda incipientes, bem como métodos aprimorados para a inseminação instrumental e criopreservação de gametas podem ser ferramentas preciosas para a conservação in situ e ex situ de subespécies e ecótipos. O entendimento e adoção de ferramentas como estas mencionadas, podem auxiliar na seleção de características de interesse para os criadores, assim como, nos esforços para a conservação de populações de abelhas ameaçadas.(AU)

The biodiversity of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera) is under great threat and, in this scenario, investigations about reproductive biology, some aspects are still incipient, as well as improved methods for instrumental insemination and cryopreservation of gametes can be precious tools for ex situ and in conservation. situ of subspecies and ecotypes can be contemplated. The understanding and adoption of tools such as those mentioned can help in the selection of characteristics of interest to breeders, as well as those committed to the conservation of endangered bee populations.(AU)

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A Caatinga, bioma exclusivamente brasileiro, abriga grande diversidade biológica, porém sofre com graves ameaças ambientais. Por isso, é iminente a necessidade de desenvolvimento de técnicas voltadas para a conservação dos animais que nela habitam, bem como se seu germoplasma. Quando do súbito óbito de um animal biologicamente valioso, a recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários pode se apresentar como a única possibilidade para salvaguardar gametas. Ainda, esta biotécnicas configura-se em uma ferramenta possível de ser utilizada quando não há outra forma de se coletar o sêmen em determinada espécie. Os espermatozoides coletados podem ser armazenados por meio da criopreservação, e posteriormente utilizados em outras biotecnologias. Neste sentido, esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar os aspectos da recuperação, caracterização e criopreservação de espermatozoides epididimários em animais silvestres com principal foco em espécies do bioma Caatinga, como os preás, cutias, catetos e emas.(AU)

The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome, is home to great biological diversity, but suffers from serious environmental threats. Therefore, there is an imminent need to develop techniques aimed at the conservation of the animals that inhabit it, as well as their germplasm. When the sudden death of a biologically valuable animal, the recovery of epididymal spermatozoa may present itself as the only possibility to safeguard gametes. Still, this biotechnique is a tool that can be used when there is no other way to collect semen in each species. Collected spermatozoa can be stored through cryopreservation, and later used in other biotechnologies. In this sense, this review aims to present aspects of recovery, characterization, and cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in wild animals with a focus on species from the Caatinga biome, such as cavies, agoutis, collared peccary, and rheas.(AU)

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O tecido testicular contém células germinativas, que possuem potencial para se desenvolver em espermatozoides viáveis por meio do cultivo in vitro ou xenotransplante, sendo uma alternativa interessante a ser utilizada na formação de biobancos. Esta revisão compila as atualizações, desafios e perspectivas relacionadas às técnicas de criopreservação e cultivo de tecido testicular como estratégia para a conservação de espécies mamíferas. O tecido testicular pode ser obtido tanto de indivíduos adultos como pré púberes, seja após orquiectomia ou até mesmo após a sua morte. O tecido fragmentado pode ser criopreservado por congelação lenta ou rápida e por métodos de vitrificação. Os crioprotetores são indispensáveis durante a criopreservação e podem variar o tipo e concentração de acordo com a espécie. Com os avanços da criopreservação deste material, espermatozoides podem ser obtidos por transplante de fragmentos testiculares ou células germinativas isoladas em camundongos imunodeficientes. No entanto, a obtenção de espermatozoides no cultivo in vitro ainda é um desafio.(AU)

The testicular tissue contains germ cells, which have the potential to develop into viable spermatozoa through in vitro culture or xenotransplantation, being an interesting alternative to be used in the formation of biobanks. This review compiles updates, challenges and perspectives related to cryopreservation techniques and testicular tissue culture as a strategy for the conservation of mammalian species. Testicular tissue can be obtained from both adult and pre-pubertal individuals, either after orchiectomy or even after their death. Fragmented tissue can be cryopreserved by slow or fast freezing and by vitrification methods. Cryoprotectants are indispensable during cryopreservation and may vary in type and concentration according to the species. With advances in cryopreservation of this material, spermatozoa can be obtained by transplanting testicular fragments or isolated germ cells into immunodeficient mice. However, obtaining spermatozoa in in vitro culture is still a challenge.(AU)

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Considering the relevance of establishing biodiversity conservation tools, the study aimed to investigate the TCM199 supplemented with different follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations on survival and development of fresh and vitrified preantral follicles enclosed in red-rumped agouti ovarian tissues cultured in vitro. In the first experiment, six pairs of ovaries were fragmented and cultured for 6 days according to groups: 10 ng/mL pFSH (FSH10 group) and 50 ng/mL (FSH50 group). Non-cultured tissues were considered as a control. In the second experiment, vitrified/warmed fragments of four pairs of ovaries were cultured with the best concentration of FSH established (cryopreserved and cultured group). Non-cryopreserved (fresh control group) and cryopreserved but non-cultured (non-cultured group) tissues were used as controls. For both experiments, preantral follicles were evaluated for survival and development using morphological and viability analysis by trypan blue staining. After culturing fresh samples, FSH50 showed a higher percentage of morphologically normal follicles when compared to FSH10 (P < 0.05). This same response was observed for primordial follicles. Regardless of the concentrations of FSH used during in vitro culture, no difference was observed regarding the percentage of viable follicles and diameters (P > 0.05). Thus, the FSH50 group was used for second experiment, in which 76.2 ± 7.2% normal preantral follicles previously vitrified was found after 6-day culture, also presenting the highest values (P < 0.05) for morphology of primordial follicles (95.2 ± 4.7%). Nevertheless, in vitro culture did not affect the viability and diameter of preantral follicles of cryopreserved tissues (P > 0.05). In conclusion, TCM199 supplemented with 50 ng/mL FSH was efficient in maintaining the in vitro survival of fresh and vitrified red-rumped agouti preantral follicles. This was the first study related to the in vitro culture of ovarian preantral follicles in this species, aiming to contribute to its conservation.(AU)

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The objectives of the study were to (1) describe the kinematic parameters of spermatozoa (2) compare methods of evaluating sperm viability (3) validate assays of functionality and integrity of the sperm membrane and (4) evaluate possible changes between spermatozoa from the epididymis and the vas deferens of the greater rhea. Semen samples were recovered from 7 adult individuals. Sperm motility was characterized by adjusting the set-up for Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) to that new species. For sperm viability evaluation, smears of bromophenol blue and eosin-nigrosine dyes were used. Five solutions of different osmolarities were then tested for the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). The combination of fluorescent probes (propidium iodide - IP and Hoechst 33342) was also used to assess plasma membrane integrity. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Rhea spermatozoa from the vas deferens had an overall motility of 14.6 ± 2.5%. The bromophenol blue staining technique revealed that 64.6 ± 5.2% sperm were viable, while that proportion was 72.1 ± 2.5% using eosin-nigrosine. An average of 77.6 ± 4.8% of spermatozoa reacted to the HOST with distilled water at 0 mOsm/l. Fluorescent probes indicated that 65.3 ± 2.6% of spermatozoa had intact membranes. Interestingly, no statistical differences were observed between the parameters analyzed in the epididymal spermatozoa and the vas deferens. These new assays set reference values that can now be used to further exploration of sperm handling conditions and freezing protocols in rheas.(AU)

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Um repositório de amostras biológicas, ou biobanco, pode ser definido como uma coleção-base de amostras orgânicas de origem humana, animal, vegetal ou microbiana, destinados para a conservação da ampla variabilidade dos recursos genéticos, apresentando-se como uma alternativa para a manutenção da biodiversidade. Esses repositórios são instrumentos indispensáveis no proposito de salvaguardar e coordenar um conjunto de informações da fauna silvestre, dando origem a uma rede de dados para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a conservação de espécimes com genótipos raros ou ameaçados. Portanto, esta revisão tem como objetivo ressaltar a importância e aplicabilidade dos biobancos para a conservação da vida silvestre, destacando o estado da arte, e enfatizando os aspectos técnicos, procedimentos necessários para sua implementação e quais os principais desafios e pespectivas para o aprimoramento e utilização desse recurso na biotecnologia reprodutiva.(AU)

A repository of biological samples or biobanks can be defined as a base collection of organic samples of human, animal, plant or microbial origin, intended for the conservation of the wide variability of genetic resources, presenting itself as an alternative for the maintenance of the biodiversity. These repositories are indispensable instruments for the purpose of safeguarding and coordinating a set of information on wildlife, giving rise to a data network for the development of strategies for the conservation of specimens with rare or endangered genotypes. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the importance and applicability of biobanks for the conservation of wildlife, highlighting the state of the art, and emphasizing the technical aspects, as well as the necessary procedures for its implementation and what are the main challenges and perspectives for the improvement and use of this resource in reproductive biotechnology.(AU)

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Biological Resource Banks (BRB) or Genetic Resource Banks (GRB) are critical tools for the conservation of animal biodiversity. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, more than 38,500 species are threatened with extinction, out of a total of 138,300 surveyed species. These banks are repositories of biological samples and data recovered and preserved for the long term by zoos, universities, research centers and other conservation organizations. In recent years, BRB have increasingly included ovarian and testicular tissues as additional options to rescue and propagate wild species, especially those at risk of extinction. After in vitro culture or grafting, gonadal tissues are potential sources of matured gametes that can be used for Assisted Reproduction Technologies while informing about gametogenesis or mechanisms involved in infertility. It therefore is crucial to properly recover, cryopreserve, and culture these tissues using species-specific protocols. Developing BRBs is currently one of the strategies to preserve species from the Caatinga biome - an exclusively Brazilian biome with a rich wild fauna that suffers from anthropogenic activities. Among wild species from this biome, studies have been primarily conducted in collared peccaries, agoutis, cavies, and armadillos to preserve their ovarian and testicular tissues. Additionally, domestic species such as the domestic cat and donkeys have been proposed as models for wild species that are phylogenetically close. This review addresses the main technical aspects involved in obtaining BRB derived from gonadal tissues in some wild species of the Caatinga biome. It reports recent advances and perspectives to use these biological materials for wildlife conservation.(AU)

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Heterologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) is an important tool for assessing fertility of endangered mammals such as the jaguar, considering difficult access to females for artificial insemination and to obtain homologous oocytes. We aimed to evaluate the fertility of jaguar sperm cryopreserved with different extenders, using domestic cat oocytes to assess the development of hybrid embryos. Semen from four captive jaguars was obtained by electroejaculation. Samples were cryopreserved in powdered coconut water (ACP-117c) or Tris extender containing 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol. Thawed spermatozoa were resuspended (2.0 × 106 spermatozoa/mL) in IVF medium and co-incubated with cat oocytes matured in vitro for 18 h. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 7 days. After 48 h, cleavage rate was evaluated, and non-cleaved structures were stained for IVF evaluation. On days 5 and 7, the rate of morula and blastocyst formation was assessed. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between ACP-117c and Tris extenders, respectively, for oocytes with 2nd polar body (2/51, 3.9 ± 2.9% vs. 2/56, 3.6 ± 3.1%), pronuclear structures (5/51, 9.8 ± 4.7% vs. 8/56, 14.3 ± 8.0%), and total IVF rates (7/36, 19.4 ± 5.0% vs. 10/37, 27.0 ± 13.8%). All the samples fertilized the oocytes, with 22.9 ± 3.2% (16/70) and 16.7 ± 3.6% (12/72) cleavage of mature oocytes for ACP-117c and Tris extenders, respectively. Morula rates of 4.3 ± 2.3% (3/70) and 5.6 ± 2.2% (4/72) were observed for ACP-117c and Tris, respectively. Only the Tris extender demonstrated blastocyst production (2/12, 16.7 ± 1.5% blastocyst/cleavage). We demonstrated that jaguar ejaculates cryopreserved using ACP-117c and Tris were suitable for IVF techniques, with blastocyst production by ejaculates cryopreserved in Tris. This is a first report of embryos produced in vitro using jaguar sperm and domestic cat oocytes through IVF.(AU)

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Embora existam pelo menos 354 diferentes raças caninas, o estudo da reprodução, por muito tempo, apenas considerou a espécie como um todo. Apenas recentemente, alguns trabalhos têm destacado a influência da raça nos aspectos reprodutivos dos cães. Assim, o presente trabalho consiste em uma compilação de conhecimentos a respeito de como as raças caninas podem apresentar diferentes particularidades relativas à reprodução da fêmea e do macho, bem como à manifestação de doenças e sensibilidade à castração.

Although there are at least 354 different canine breeds, the study of reproduction, for a long time, only considered the species. Only recently, some studies have highlighted the influence of breed on the reproductive aspects of dogs. Thus, the present work consists of a compilation of knowledge about how canine breeds can present different characteristics related to female and male reproduction, as well as to the manifestation of diseases and sensitivity to castration.

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Abstract Myomorphic and hystricomorphic rodents are vital for maintaining various ecosystems around the planet. This review enables a better understanding of how these rodents respond to environmental factors and adapt to climate adversities. Innumerable factors, such as photoperiod, rainfall, and temperature, can impair or contribute to the quality of rodent reproductive parameters. Prolonged animal exposure to high ambient temperatures alters thermoregulation mechanisms and causes testicular and ovarian tissue degeneration and hormonal deregulation. Photoperiod influences the biological circannual rhythm and reproductive cycles of rodents because it strongly regulates melatonin secretion by the pineal gland, which modulates gonadotropic hormone secretion. Rainfall quantity directly regulates the abundance of fruits in an ecosystem, which modulates the reproductive seasonality of species which are most dependent on a seasonal fruit-based diet. Species with a more diversified fruit diet have smaller reproductive seasonality. As such, habitats are chosen by animals for various reasons, including the availability of food, sexual partners, intra-and inter-specific competition, and predation. This knowledge allows us to monitor and establish management plans to aid in conservation strategies for wild rodent species.

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The objective of the present study was to identify the biochemical components of the agoutis' seminal plasma. For this purpose, six adult males were collected by means of electroejaculation. Biochemical analysis was performed using commercial kits and the absorbances were read on a spectrophotometer. The results were described as mean and standard error. The following organic constituents were identified in the seminal plasma: albumin (6.64 ±2.31g/dL), total proteins (1.9±0.62g/dL), glucose (26.27±9.84mg/dL), fructose (26.92±8.08mg/dL), citric acid (408.28±227.92mg/dL)), triglycerides (282.04±83.58mg/dL) and cholesterol (125.16±34.35mg/dL). Regarding inorganic components, chlorides (283.66±104,11mEq/L), magnesium (4.24±0.38mg/dL), phosphorus (3.67±0.59mg/dL), calcium (12.47±1.85mg/dL), and iron (620.63±266.33µg/dL). It should be noted that this is the first description of the biochemical composition of seminal plasma in the species Dasyprocta leporina. This information will be useful for the improvement of sperm conservation protocols for the species.

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The aim was to evaluate the effects of the addition of antimicrobials to the diluent for the cryopreservation of the semen of collectors, especially on the morphofunctional parameters. Ten ejaculates from adult males were obtained by electroejaculation. The samples were evaluated for volume, concentration, motility, morphology, membrane functionality, sperm viability, mitochondrial activity and binding capacity. Subsequently, they were cryopreserved in Tris with egg yolk (20%) and glycerol (3%) added or not (control) with gentamicin (70µg/mL), or with the penicillin (1000 IU/mL) + streptomycin (1mgE/mL). After one week, the samples were thawed and evaluated according to the fresh semen. As for the results, no significant differences were observed between the control treatment and those added with antimicrobials, emphasizing that these do not damage the sperm morphofunctional parameters during cryopreservation. In this sense, it is suggested that both gentamicin and the penicillin/streptomycin combination could be added to the extender for the cryopreservation of the collared peccary semen.

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The objective was to verify the impact of the addition of antimicrobials on the kinetic parameters of sperm in the cryopreserved semen of collared peccaries. Ejaculates from 10 adult male, obtained by electroejaculation, were used. The samples had their kinetic parameters evaluated by computer analysis (CASA). Subsequently, they were cryopreserved in Tris plus egg yolk (20%) and glycerol (3%), whether or not (control) added gentamicin (70µg/mL) or the combination penicillin (1000 IU/mL) and streptomycin (1mgE/mL) (P+E). After one week, the samples were thawed and evaluated similarly to fresh semen. In fresh semen, total motility of 95.3±0.8% and 72.1±3.5% progressive motility were observed. After thawing, there were no differences between treatments, except for the cross-beat frequency (BCF) parameter, which was negatively influenced by P+E, in relation to fresh semen (p <0.05). In conclusion, it is suggested the use of gentamicin as an antimicrobial for the cryopreservation of semen from peccaries.

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Abstract Studies on semen and sperm cells are critical to develop assisted reproductive technologies for the conservation of the collared peccary. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of different antibiotics on the bacterial load and sperm quality during short-term storage of peccary semen. Fresh semen samples from 10 males were extended in Tris-egg yolk or Tris-Aloe vera supplemented with streptomycin-penicillin (SP; 1 mg/mL - 1000 IU/mL or 2 mg/mL - 2000 IU/mL) or gentamicin (30 µg/mL or 70 µg/mL) before storage at 5°C. Bacterial load and sperm motility, membrane integrity and function, mitochondrial activity, and morphology, were evaluated at different time points for 36 h. The SP and gentamicin treatments concentration inhibited (p < 0.05) bacterial growth for 36 h regardless of the extender. Compared to the other treatments, Tris-egg yolk plus 70 µg/mL gentamicin maintained the sperm parameters for longer, including total motility (41.9 ± 6.1%) at 24 h, and membrane integrity (58.3 ± 2.1%) at 36 h. In contrast, the highest SP concentration in both extenders impaired sperm membrane integrity at 36 h (p < 0.05). For the liquid storage of collared peccary semen, it therefore is recommended to use Tris extender supplemented with egg yolk and gentamicin (70 µg/mL).

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The use of antibacterial substances as additives in extenders for ensuring the sanitary quality of the semen employed in reproductive biotechniques and preserving it from bacterial deterioration has been reported since the mid-twentieth century. However, the deleterious effects of these drugs on the sperm quality as well as their effectiveness in controlling bacterial growth in the preserved semen have been questioned. The aim of this review was to report the antimicrobials primarily used in the extenders added to the semen of mammals, and to present alternatives to their use. Among the various mammalian species, there is a large variation regarding the antimicrobial types added to semen extenders as cephalosporins (ceftiofur, cefdinir, eg) and quinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), alone or in combination with large action spectra substances as penicillin-streptomycin and gentamicin-tylosin-lincomycin-spectinomycin. To combat problems related to bacterial resistance to these drugs, the emergence of alternatives is increasingly evident. Among these alternatives, use of physical methods as centrifugation and filtration, as well as the use of antimicrobial peptides and other substances from different origins have been highlighted for presenting antimicrobial potential.

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The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of the Tris-egg yolk extender in conserving the binding capability of canine sperm chilled for up to 48 h. The semen of four dogs was collected by digital manipulation and evaluated. The sperm fractions were diluted in Tris-egg yolk and stored at 4 °C. The sperm parameters of motility, vigor, morphology and osmotic response were evaluated in fresh semen, immediately after dilution (0h), at 24h and at48h. The sperm binding test using the chicken egg's perivitelline membrane was performed on fresh and 48 h-chilled samples. As a result, fresh semen showed motility of 99.2+/-0.8%, vigor 5+/-0,1 with 84.2+/-1.8% morphologically normal sperm, 95.0+/-0.8% osmotic response and 302.3+/-27.0 membrane-bound sperm. After refrigeration for 48 h, a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the sperm parameters was observed however, values were within the ideal range for the use of semen, such as 90.8+/-1.5% mobile sperm, with vigor 4.3+/-0.2, normal morphology of 71.5+/-1.9%, osmotic response of 77.0+/-4.1%, and 205.5+/-27.7 bound sperm. In conclusion, the hen egg perivitelline membrane binding test proved the efficiency of the Tris-egg yolk extender in conserving the binding capability of canine sperm chilled for 48h.

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This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.

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Background: Fetal attachments, placentation and embryonic development have been widely discussed in rodents such as agoutisand cavies, as well as research on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in rats and rabbits. Moreover, studies on buffalo, cattle and sheep aredescribed in ruminants, and work has also been reported in sheep with GAGs in placentoma. However, further studies are needed inthis regard, since there are reports of economic losses associated with reproductive failures described for cattle such as changes in thechorion and allantois, and in sheep in which changes between the transition from vitelline to allantois circulation have been discussed.Review: In relation to embryonic development, detailed studies have been described in rodents such as rats (12 days old), desertmouse (15 days old) and agoutis at 30 days. Macroscopic structures such as the cephalic region, nose, optic vesicle, cervical curvature, thoracic and pelvic limbs were observed, as well as microscopic structures such as the pituitary, lung, heart, brain cavity, liver,retina, and ossification regions. There are reports of buffalo and cattle studies in ruminants describing early embryonic development.However, the research in the case of sheep is limited, meaning there is only the ultrasound examination, such as gestational diagnosisand morphometric measurement of the embryonic vesicle. Still, studies with umbilical funicular and placental development of sheepwith different gestational ages can be highlighted. Regarding extraembryonic annexes, four important structures which contributeto embryonic maintenance have been reported. These are called the chorion, amnion, allantois and yolk sac, respectively, and areresponsible for originating the placenta, embryonic protection, collecting metabolic waste and early embryonic nutrition. In...

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A criopreservação do tecido testicular se apresenta como ferramenta promissora para a reprodução assistida, possibilitando o armazenamento de fragmentos contendo grande número de células germinativas em várias fases de desenvolvimento, incluindo espermatogônias indiferenciadas que podem ser cultivadas, garantindo a produção ilimitada de espermatozoides. Nesta revisão, são abordados aspectos técnicos relativos ao processamento e aplicabilidade da criopreservação e do cultivo de tecido testicular em mamíferos silvestres, ressaltando seus desafios e perspectivas.

Cryopreservation of the testicular tissue is a promising tool for assisted reproduction, allowing the storage of fragments containing a large number of germ cells in various stages of development, including undifferentiated spermatogonia that can be cultured, guaranteeing the unlimited production of spermatozoa. In this review, technical aspects related to the processing and applicability of testicular tissue cryopreservation and culture in wild mammals are discussed, highlighting their challenges and perspectives.