Effects of whole-body vibration in hematobiochemical and hemogasometric parameters in adult and elderly healthy dogs

Background: Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) consists of mechanical vibration stimuli produced that propagate throughout the body by increasing the gravitational load. The WBV can increase muscle mass in dogs with muscular atrophy. As Whole-body vibration (WBV) can be used as exercise modality with no impact on the joints, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of single session of WBV in hematobiochemical and hemogasometric parameters in adult and elderly healthy dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen clinically healthy, neutered crossbreed male dogs, non-athlete were selected. The dogs were divided into two groups of seven dogs, according to the age group: Group I - adult dogs (GI): age between 12.0 and 84.0 months old; Group II - elderly dogs (GII): age above 84.0 months old. All dogs were submitted to a single session WBV by using a vibrating platform that delivered a vortex wave circulation as mechanical vibration. The WBV protocol used was 30 Hz frequency (3.10 mm peak displacement; 11.16 m/s2 peak acceleration; 0.29 m/s velocity), then 50 Hz (3.98 mm peak displacement; 39.75 m/s2 peak acceleration; 0.62 m/s velocity), and lastly 30 Hz (3.10 mm peak displacement; 11.16 m/s2 peak acceleration; 0.29 m/s velocity) for 5-min between de frequencies. The hematobiochemical and hemagasometric parameters were evaluated at 1-min before the WBV session (1PRE), 1-min after the WBV session (1POST), 120-min (120POST) and 24 h after the WBV session (24hPOST). The dogs accepted the vibration stimulus quite well, however, elderly dogs weighing above 30 kg were more likely to sit down with increased frequency from 30 to 50 Hz. No variations of food and water intakes and gastrointestinal changes were observed after the WBV session. Hemoglobin values showed significant decrease (P = 0.0312) between 1PRE and 1POST in elderly dogs. A significant decrease (P = 0.0453) was observed in alanine aminotransferase values between 120POST...

Acute effects of whole-body vibration on dopplerfluxometry of the common carotid artery parameters among adult and elderly non-athletes healthy dogs

Background: Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) is an oscillatory mechanical stimulus spreading throughout the body and considered a type of physical exercise because of the activation of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neuroendocrine systems. It is a physical exercise modality since it promotes cardiovascular resistance, increase in muscular strength and neurosensitivity, and motor coordination improvement. For use of WBV as an exercise modality for dogs, it is necessary to evaluate the Dopplerfluxometry parameters of the common carotid artery in healthy dogs in order to perform a safe protocol without inducing any cerebral alteration. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of WBV on systolic peak velocity (SPV), resistivity (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of the both common carotid artery among adults and elderly non-athletes healthy dog. Materials, Methods & Results: Fourteen clinically healthy, neutered crossbreed male dogs, non-athlete were divided into two groups of seven dogs, according to the age group: Group 1 (G1)- Adult dogs: age between 12 and 84 months; Group 2 (G2)- Elderly dogs: aged over 84 months. All dogs were submitted to sessions of WBV using the protocol of 30 Hz for 5 min, followed by an increase to 50 Hz for 5 more min and ending with 5 min at 30 Hz, without rest between the variation of the vibration frequency. The systolic peak velocity (SPV), resistivity (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of the common carotid artery were assessed in two time-points: 5 min before the WBV sessions (5PRE) and 1 min after the WBV (1POS). No significant variations in the SPS, RI, and PI of both common carotid artery of the G1 and G2 were identified. The anatomic reference for the left and right common carotid artery was the right and left extern jugulars veins, which were...

Topical ozone therapy in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owner’s dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...

Topical ozone therapy in the treatment of pharmacodermia in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: Pharmacodermia is a drug reaction that manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes. The main drugsthat cause pharmacodermia are β-lactam antibiotics. It has a rare occurrence in dogs and may present different clinical signs.Ozone therapy is used to treat various conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. This therapy acts throughoxidative stress generating a positive inflammatory response to the body and stimulating the formation of granulation tissue andangiogenesis. Since pharmacodermia is rare in dogs and reports of ozonized sunflower oil and ozone for treat pharmacodermiais are rare in the literature, this paper aimed to report the use of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of pharmacodermiain a young female Rottweiler dog assisted and treated at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 2-year-old Rottweiler female, weighting 53.3 kg was attended at a private veterinary clinic in Garanhuns (Pernambuco- PE) with a history of dystocia. The dog was submitted to ovary-hysterectomy under general anesthesia. After anesthesiarecovery was prescribed omeprazol (1 mg/kg, orally (P.O) SID for 10 days), cephalexin (20 mg/kg, P.O. BID for 10 days),tramadol hydrochloride (4 mg/kg, P.O. BID for seven days), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, P.O. SID for three days), and the use ofElizabethan collar. Furthermore, for topical treatment was described chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%) and ointment of allantoin and zinc oxide, SID, for 10 days. Seven days after the surgical procedure, the owners dog reported by a telephone callthe appearance of wounds in the dorsal region of the dog. Ten days after surgery, the dog returned to the veterinary clinic forstitches removal and wounds evaluation. During the physical examination, observed the presence of two cutaneous wounds,one located in the cervicothoracic region and the other wound...(AU)

Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris) / Femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors’ knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).[...]

Ovarian torsion in a primipara female dog in Brazil

Background: Ovarian torsion is a condition which the ovary and the ovarian pedicle twist around the ovary suspensory ligament. No report regarding this condition was reported. The aim of the report was to describe a case of unilateral ovarian torsion in a 2-year-old primipara Golden Retriever dog.Case: A 2-year-old female primipara Golden Retriever dog weighting was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, for purulent vaginal discharge evaluation. The dog was presenting anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent diarrhea and vomiting. A cesarean section was performed nine months before her presentation and the oestrus cycle was recorded six months after the cesarean section. Discomfort was observed during the palpation of the abdomen and purulent vaginal was observed. Vaginal swab was performed and followed by cytological examination. The ultrasonographic examination was consistent with pyometra. The ovariohysterectomy was performed and were observed torsion of the left ovary. The histopathological examination of the left ovary and uterus were consistent with ovary necrosis and pyometra. Ten days after surgery the vaginal discharge had resolved and the sutures were removed. Six months postoperatively the dog revealed no further abnormalities. Grossly, the left ovary had firm consistency, dark red surface and 8 cm diameter. The histopathology examination findings were consistent with a diagnosis of diffuse necrosis of left ovary due to ovarian torsion, and uterine suppurative inflammatory process - pyometra.Discussion: Ovarian torsion is uncommon in small animals, but can be observed high incidence in pregnant female dogs than in non-pregnant ones. The 360º an asynchronous ovarian torsion described in the present case is also an unusual condition in primipara female dogs due to the smaller stretching of the ovary suspensory ligament. The ovarian torsion is considerate an emergency condition due to acute abdominal pain.[...]

Femoral diaphyseal fractures fixation technique using an adjustable nylon tie in dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and cat (Felis catus domesticus)

Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures.Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days’ duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were alignment and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessions were prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb. Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 h’s duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region.[...]

Pododermite em cisne negro (Cygnus atratus) em Moçambique / Bumblefoot in free-living black swan (Cygnus atratus) in Mozambique

Background: Black Swan (Cygnus atratus Linnaeus 1766) is an aquatic bird native to Australia and non-migratory birds. Bumblefoot is a chronic, progressive, degenerative and granulomatous disease that affects the plantar region and causes inflammation and degenerative changes in plantar tissues. Given that bumblefoot incidence in free-living wild birds is low and that the literature lacks publications about bumblefoot in free-living Black Swans, the aim of the current study is to describe the first bumblefoot case reported in a free-living Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) in Mozambique who was subjected to surgical procedure.Case: An adult intact Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) weighing 7.2 kg was presented to Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine School, Mozambique with reluctance to support the left hind limb. Water intake was not unsettled and urine and feces were normal. A brown mass with 3 cm diameter approximately was identified in the footpad of the left hind limb; there were local bleeding and ulcers and pain. Footpad radiographic images of the left hind limb showed no abnormalities in the bone tissue. An incisional biopsy was performed with patient under sedation. The cytopathological examination was suggestive of bumblefoot. An excisional biopsy was performed with patient under anesthesia. The mass was excised with surgical margin of 1 cm and the local was subjected to debridement. The sample was sent to histopathological examination. The histopathological examination confirmed a chronic Bumblefoot Type 2. The patient started to support the left hind limb three days after surgery and twenty days after surgery, the footpad sutures were removed. Fifty days after the surgical procedure the patient was released in the site it was rescued.[...]

Femoral diaphyseal fractures fixation technique using an adjustable nylon tie in dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and cat (Felis catus domesticus)

Background: Adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 is devices produced from the same material of surgical nylon wire and have been used in different surgical procedures in small animals and in human patient. Reports regarding the use of these devices as secondary fixation technique of femoral diaphyseal fractures in animals are rare in the literature. The aim of the present report case was to describe the use of adjustable nylon tie polyamide 6.6 as secondary fixation technique in a 3-year-old dog and 4-month-old cat, diagnosed with femoral diaphyseal fractures.Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old female dog was presented with reluctance to support the left hind limb, with 5 days duration. Pain and edema on the left femoral diaphyseal region was identified. The limb was submitted to radiographic exam and revealed a closed, complete and comminuted fracture of the diaphysis of the femur, and was decided to perform a surgical stabilization by open reduction through primary fixation with intramedullary pin, and secondary fixation of bone fragments with adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6, as a substitute of steel cerclage wire. The bone fragments were alignment and fixated with five polyamide nylon ties. The excess was removed with a scalpel blade along the lock. Seven days after surgery the skin sutures were removed and were observed reluctance to support the left hind limb. Physiotherapy sessions were prescribed. Forty days after the surgery was performed a radiographic exam of the left hind limb which revealed alignment of the bone axis. Six months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog supported the left hind limb. Case 2. A 4-month-old female cat was presented with history of trauma, with 24 hs duration, and reluctance in supporting the left hind limb. On physical examination there was identified pain on the left femoral diaphyseal region.[...](AU)

Pododermite em cisne negro (Cygnus atratus) em Moçambique / Bumblefoot in free-living black swan (Cygnus atratus) in Mozambique

Background: Black Swan (Cygnus atratus Linnaeus 1766) is an aquatic bird native to Australia and non-migratory birds. Bumblefoot is a chronic, progressive, degenerative and granulomatous disease that affects the plantar region and causes inflammation and degenerative changes in plantar tissues. Given that bumblefoot incidence in free-living wild birds is low and that the literature lacks publications about bumblefoot in free-living Black Swans, the aim of the current study is to describe the first bumblefoot case reported in a free-living Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) in Mozambique who was subjected to surgical procedure.Case: An adult intact Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) weighing 7.2 kg was presented to Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine School, Mozambique with reluctance to support the left hind limb. Water intake was not unsettled and urine and feces were normal. A brown mass with 3 cm diameter approximately was identified in the footpad of the left hind limb; there were local bleeding and ulcers and pain. Footpad radiographic images of the left hind limb showed no abnormalities in the bone tissue. An incisional biopsy was performed with patient under sedation. The cytopathological examination was suggestive of bumblefoot. An excisional biopsy was performed with patient under anesthesia. The mass was excised with surgical margin of 1 cm and the local was subjected to debridement. The sample was sent to histopathological examination. The histopathological examination confirmed a chronic Bumblefoot Type 2. The patient started to support the left hind limb three days after surgery and twenty days after surgery, the footpad sutures were removed. Fifty days after the surgical procedure the patient was released in the site it was rescued.[...](AU)

Ovarian torsion in a primipara female dog in Brazil

Background: Ovarian torsion is a condition which the ovary and the ovarian pedicle twist around the ovary suspensory ligament. No report regarding this condition was reported. The aim of the report was to describe a case of unilateral ovarian torsion in a 2-year-old primipara Golden Retriever dog.Case: A 2-year-old female primipara Golden Retriever dog weighting was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, for purulent vaginal discharge evaluation. The dog was presenting anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent diarrhea and vomiting. A cesarean section was performed nine months before her presentation and the oestrus cycle was recorded six months after the cesarean section. Discomfort was observed during the palpation of the abdomen and purulent vaginal was observed. Vaginal swab was performed and followed by cytological examination. The ultrasonographic examination was consistent with pyometra. The ovariohysterectomy was performed and were observed torsion of the left ovary. The histopathological examination of the left ovary and uterus were consistent with ovary necrosis and pyometra. Ten days after surgery the vaginal discharge had resolved and the sutures were removed. Six months postoperatively the dog revealed no further abnormalities. Grossly, the left ovary had firm consistency, dark red surface and 8 cm diameter. The histopathology examination findings were consistent with a diagnosis of diffuse necrosis of left ovary due to ovarian torsion, and uterine suppurative inflammatory process - pyometra.Discussion: Ovarian torsion is uncommon in small animals, but can be observed high incidence in pregnant female dogs than in non-pregnant ones. The 360º an asynchronous ovarian torsion described in the present case is also an unusual condition in primipara female dogs due to the smaller stretching of the ovary suspensory ligament. The ovarian torsion is considerate an emergency condition due to acute abdominal pain.[...](AU)

Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris) / Femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).[...](AU)

Hemostasis technique using an adjustable nylon tie in dog with splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia

Background: Splenic hematoma is an encapsulated blood accumulation, which is macroscopically indistinguishable from malignant spleen. The treatment of choice and final diagnosis were by splenectomy and exploratory laparotomy followed by biopsy and histopathological examination, respectively. Nylon tie bands are devices made of polyamide 6.6, same material of surgical nylon wires, and has been used in different surgical procedures in animals. The present report case aimed to describe the use of nylon tie bands polyamide 6.6 in a 2.3-year-old Golden retriever dog diagnosed with splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia; and the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, histological diagnosis of splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia. Case: A 2.3-year-old intact male Golden retriever dog was presented with history of anorexia, apathy, regurgitation and weight loss. During the physical examination was identified a mass in the left side of abdomen. The complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and thoracic radiographs were no alteration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly and heterogeneous hypoechoic structure. Splenectomy using an adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 for hemostasis technique was performed during an exploratory laparotomy. The spleen presented hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia at the histopathological examination, as well as the presence of siderocalcinotic plate in the trabecular spleen. The dog presented with no regurgitation, apathy or anorexia after 10 days of surgery. CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed no abnormalities. Video laparoscopy did not showed any sign of adherence on the local where used the nylon tie bands. One year and three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted by telephone, since he had changed to other city, and he reported that the dog was healthy without any clinical signs...

Hemostasis technique using an adjustable nylon tie in dog with splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia

Background: Splenic hematoma is an encapsulated blood accumulation, which is macroscopically indistinguishable from malignant spleen. The treatment of choice and final diagnosis were by splenectomy and exploratory laparotomy followed by biopsy and histopathological examination, respectively. Nylon tie bands are devices made of polyamide 6.6, same material of surgical nylon wires, and has been used in different surgical procedures in animals. The present report case aimed to describe the use of nylon tie bands polyamide 6.6 in a 2.3-year-old Golden retriever dog diagnosed with splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia; and the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, histological diagnosis of splenic hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia. Case: A 2.3-year-old intact male Golden retriever dog was presented with history of anorexia, apathy, regurgitation and weight loss. During the physical examination was identified a mass in the left side of abdomen. The complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and thoracic radiographs were no alteration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly and heterogeneous hypoechoic structure. Splenectomy using an adjustable nylon ties polyamide 6.6 for hemostasis technique was performed during an exploratory laparotomy. The spleen presented hematoma and lymphoid hyperplasia at the histopathological examination, as well as the presence of siderocalcinotic plate in the trabecular spleen. The dog presented with no regurgitation, apathy or anorexia after 10 days of surgery. CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound revealed no abnormalities. Video laparoscopy did not showed any sign of adherence on the local where used the nylon tie bands. One year and three months after the surgery, the owner was contacted by telephone, since he had changed to other city, and he reported that the dog was healthy without any clinical signs...(AU)