Perfil metabólico de vacas da raça Holandesa: valores de referência em rebanhos do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil / Metabolic profile of Holstein cows: reference values in herds of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil

Background: Assessing data from metabolic profile is a complex task depending on individual factors such as breed, age,sex and physiological status and environmental factors such as climate and management. Therefore, reference intervalsproduced in herds from different geographic regions are not always precise in the local reality. The aim of this study isto compile results of values of the most used parameters in the metabolic profile of healthy Holstein cows, grouped bylactation stage, obtained from studies in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as an effort for the elaboration of regional referenceintervals for dairy cattle in this geographic area.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was defined through the PICO strategy, considering multiparous Holsteincows from scientific studies carried out in Rio Grande do Sul, during the period 1996-2021, in which the nitrogen, glycidic, lipidic, enzymatic or mineral metabolic profile was determined. Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library andPubMed were the electronic databases selected for the search, using the following descriptors: “profile” and “metabolic”and “metabolic profile” and “dairy” or “cattle” or “cow” and “Brazil” and “southern” or “Rio Grande do Sul”. Studiesin Portuguese, English and Spanish languages were considered. The references of the articles initially selected were alsoverified, through ResearchGate and Google Scholar, in addition to unpublished data, unfinished studies or data in the socalled “gray literature”. It was possible to identify a total of 34 publications, which were tabulated to assess the scientificquality and bias risk. Studies were evaluated by a pair of independent reviewers, in order to compare results. Eligibilityconfirmation was given after the complete reading of the articles, evaluating the presence of all the inclusion selectioncriteria, such as adequate population and the intervention made. Examples of exclusion criteria for studies were studies or...

Chemoprophylaxis for babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle: case report / Quimioprofilaxia para babesiose e anaplasmose em bovinos: relato de caso

Cattle tick fever (CTF) causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector. The pathogenic action of the hemoparasites is associated with anemia, weight loss, abortion and reduced productivity, which result with animal death. Programs to prevent CTF involve several procedures, including immunization, chemoprophylaxis and use of ectoparasiticides, together with the vector control in the environment. The objective of this study was to report an acute outbreak of CTF in a group of 157 Hereford cattle from a farm without presence of the vector, that were moved to a farm in the same state with a high tick infestation (Rhipicephalus microplus). On the day before the transportation, the animals received a chemoprophylaxis with imidocarb dipropionate (3 mg/kg, SC), which was repeated 21 days after the first application. After 42 days, some animals showed signs compatible with CTF, which was confirmed through clinical examination, necropsy, histopathological and hemoparasitological analyses. The morbidity rate was 37.6% and the mortality rate was 24.8%. Calves that were recently weaned were the group most affected with the tick fever, morbidity (100% and mortality (73%). Chemoprophylaxis in association with use of ectoparasiticides was not sufficient to control the outbreak of the disease.(AU)

A tristeza parasitária bovina (TPB) gera importantes perdas econômicas na bovinocultura mundial. A ação patogênica dos hemoparasitas resulta em anemia, perda de peso, abortos e diminuição da produtividade, culminando, muitas vezes, em óbito dos animais. Um programa de prevenção para TPB necessita de medidas integradas, como a imunização, quimioprofilaxia e utilização de ectoparasiticidas, em conjunto com ações que visem ao controle ambiental dos vetores. Este artigo tem em vista o relato de um surto de TPB em uma fazenda de produção de bovinos de corte e com alta infestação do carrapato (Rhipicephalus microplus). A fazenda adquiriu 157 animais puros de origem, da raça Hereford, proveniente de uma fazenda sem presença do vetor. No dia anterior ao transporte, os animais receberam quimioprofilaxia com dipropionato de imidocarb (3mg/Kg/SC), repetindo-se 21 dias após a primeira aplicação. Aos 42 dias, alguns bezerros manifestaram sinais clínicos compatíveis com TPB, sendo confirmado pelo exame clínico, necropsia, análises histopatológicas e hemoparasitológicas. A morbidade foi de 37,6% (59/157), e a letalidade de 24,8% (39/157). A categoria de bezerros recém desmamados foi a mais acometida, com morbidade de 100% (52/52) e letalidade de 73% (38/52). A quimioprofilaxia associada à utilização de ectoparasiticidas foram insuficientes para evitar a ocorrência do surto da enfermidade.(AU)

Intoxicação crônica por Pteridium arachnoideum em bovinos no nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Chronic poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium arachnoideum) in cattle in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Pteridium spp., popularmente conhecida como samambaia, comumente encontrada em solos ácidos, arenosos e de baixa fertilidade. A intoxicação ocorre quando os animais passam por privação alimentar ou ingestão acidental. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a ocorrência de dois casos de intoxicação crônica por samambaia em bovinos na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ambos os casos cursaram com sinais clínicos de disfagia, halitose, salivação e presença de tumores na orofaringe. A baixa oferta e qualidade de forragem, superlotação das áreas de pasto, manejo inadequado das pastagens, a presença de Pteridium arachnoideum, os sinais clínicos em conjunto com os achados de necropsia e o exame histopatológico confirmaram o diagnóstico de intoxicação crônica.

Pteridium spp., commonly known as fern, is commonly found in acidic, sandy and low fertility soils. Poisoning occurs when animals go through food deprivation or accidental ingestion. The objective of this study is to report the occurrence of two cases of chronic intoxication in cattle in the northeast region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Both cases had clinical signs of dysphagia, halitosis, salivation and the presence of tumors in the oropharynx. Low supply and quality of forage, overcrowding of pasture areas, inadequate pasture management, presence of Pteridium arachnoideum, clinical signs, necropsy and histopathological of lesions confirmed the diagnosis of chronic intoxication.