Molecular, serological, and parasitological detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs in the state of Piauí, Brazil / Detecção molecular, sorológica e parasitológica de Babesia vogeli em cães do estado do Piauí, Brasil

Studies on canine babesiosis in northeastern Brazil are scarce, although the weather conditions in this region are favorable for the development of the tick vector. This study determined the prevalence of Babesia vogeli in dogs sampled in Teresina, state of Piauí, northeast Brazil, using direct and indirect diagnostic methods and performed a phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 315 dogs were screened during routine care regardless of clinical suspicion. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture to perform indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for parasite screening in peripheral blood smears. Positivity was 2.2% (7/315) by microscopy, 4.8% (15/315) by PCR, and 48.6% (153/315) by IFA. PCR amplified a 602-bp fragment of the piroplasmid 18S rRNA gene, and sequence alignment and analysis revealed 99% homology with B. vogeli isolates from other regions of Brazil and other countries. In addition, there was high variability among sequences from other northeast states of Brazil. This study is the first to perform the molecular analysis of B. vogeli in Piauí. The results demonstrate that canine babesiosis is endemic in dogs sampled in Teresina and that PCR may be the method of choice to perform parasite screening in this region.

Estudos sobre a babesiose canina são escassos no Nordeste do Brasil, apesar das condições climáticas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do carrapato vetor. Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a ocorrência de Babesia vogeli em cães amostrados em Teresina, estado do Piauí, região Meio Norte do Brasil, através de métodos diretos e indiretos de diagnóstico, além de realizar análise filogenética das sequências 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos obtidas no estudo. Foram avaliados 315 cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias, sob qualquer suspeita clínica. Desses animais, foi colhido sangue por venopunção jugular para Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Além disso, esfregaços de sangue periférico foram realizados para pesquisa direta do parasita. A positividade dos animais foi de 2,2% (7/315) ao esfregaço sanguíneo, 4,8% (15/315) à PCR e 48,6% (153/315) à RIFI. O sequenciamento de amostras positivas à PCR resultou em um fragmento de 602 pb do gene 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos, cujo alinhamento e análise da sequência revelaram 99% de homologia com isolados de B. vogeli de outras regiões do Brasil, além de outros países. É interessante ressaltar que, comparando isolados em diferentes estados do Nordeste, a homologia pode ser bastante variável. Esses são os primeiros resultados sobre a análise molecular de B. vogeli no Estado do Piauí. Além disso, este estudo demonstra que a babesiose canina é endêmica em cães de Teresina, Nordeste do Brasil, e que a PCR pode ser o método de escolha para diagnóstico da doença nessas áreas.

Molecular, serological, and parasitological detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs in the state of Piauí, Brazil / Detecção molecular, sorológica e parasitológica de Babesia vogeli em cães do estado do Piauí, Brasil

Studies on canine babesiosis in northeastern Brazil are scarce, although the weather conditions in this region are favorable for the development of the tick vector. This study determined the prevalence of Babesia vogeli in dogs sampled in Teresina, state of Piauí, northeast Brazil, using direct and indirect diagnostic methods and performed a phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 315 dogs were screened during routine care regardless of clinical suspicion. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture to perform indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for parasite screening in peripheral blood smears. Positivity was 2.2% (7/315) by microscopy, 4.8% (15/315) by PCR, and 48.6% (153/315) by IFA. PCR amplified a 602-bp fragment of the piroplasmid 18S rRNA gene, and sequence alignment and analysis revealed 99% homology with B. vogeli isolates from other regions of Brazil and other countries. In addition, there was high variability among sequences from other northeast states of Brazil. This study is the first to perform the molecular analysis of B. vogeli in Piauí. The results demonstrate that canine babesiosis is endemic in dogs sampled in Teresina and that PCR may be the method of choice to perform parasite screening in this region.(AU)

Estudos sobre a babesiose canina são escassos no Nordeste do Brasil, apesar das condições climáticas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do carrapato vetor. Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a ocorrência de Babesia vogeli em cães amostrados em Teresina, estado do Piauí, região Meio Norte do Brasil, através de métodos diretos e indiretos de diagnóstico, além de realizar análise filogenética das sequências 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos obtidas no estudo. Foram avaliados 315 cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias, sob qualquer suspeita clínica. Desses animais, foi colhido sangue por venopunção jugular para Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Além disso, esfregaços de sangue periférico foram realizados para pesquisa direta do parasita. A positividade dos animais foi de 2,2% (7/315) ao esfregaço sanguíneo, 4,8% (15/315) à PCR e 48,6% (153/315) à RIFI. O sequenciamento de amostras positivas à PCR resultou em um fragmento de 602 pb do gene 18S rRNA de piroplasmídeos, cujo alinhamento e análise da sequência revelaram 99% de homologia com isolados de B. vogeli de outras regiões do Brasil, além de outros países. É interessante ressaltar que, comparando isolados em diferentes estados do Nordeste, a homologia pode ser bastante variável. Esses são os primeiros resultados sobre a análise molecular de B. vogeli no Estado do Piauí. Além disso, este estudo demonstra que a babesiose canina é endêmica em cães de Teresina, Nordeste do Brasil, e que a PCR pode ser o método de escolha para diagnóstico da doença nessas áreas.(AU)

Dynamics of natural infection by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a dinâmica da infecção natural na transmissão de Babesia spp. em bovinos de uma área de instabilidade enzoótica no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 30 bezerras, proveniente de duas propriedades leiteiras para determinação do volume globular e da primo-infecção por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase associando aos fatores climáticos e medidas de manejo. Na fazenda A, o período médio da primo-infecção para B. bigemina, determinado por meio da PCR, foi de 249,4 (±24,42) dias de idade, enquanto que para B. bovis foi aos 252,6 (±17,07) dias de idade, não existindo diferença estatística. A infecção coincidiu com o período de alta precipitação pluviométrica na região. Não houve infecção por Babesia spp. na fazenda B, na qual o uso intensivo de acaricidas determinou ausência de carrapatos. Não houve diferença significativa entre médias de VG dos animais das fazendas A e B. O manejo adotado nas fazendas estudadas, associado às condições climáticas, interferem na exposição dos animais aos vetores, podendo favorecer a manutenção de uma área de instabilidade enzoótica no Nordeste do Brasil.(AU)

Dynamics of natural infection by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil / Dinâmica da infecção natural por Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina em bovinos leiteiros de uma área de instabilidade enzoótica no Nordeste do Brasil

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a dinâmica da infecção natural na transmissão de Babesia spp. em bovinos de uma área de instabilidade enzoótica no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 30 bezerras, proveniente de duas propriedades leiteiras para determinação do volume globular e da primo-infecção por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase associando aos fatores climáticos e medidas de manejo. Na fazenda A, o período médio da primo-infecção para B. bigemina, determinado por meio da PCR, foi de 249,4 (±24,42) dias de idade, enquanto que para B. bovis foi aos 252,6 (±17,07) dias de idade, não existindo diferença estatística. A infecção coincidiu com o período de alta precipitação pluviométrica na região. Não houve infecção por Babesia spp. na fazenda B, na qual o uso intensivo de acaricidas determinou ausência de carrapatos. Não houve diferença significativa entre médias de VG dos animais das fazendas A e B. O manejo adotado nas fazendas estudadas, associado às condições climáticas, interferem na exposição dos animais aos vetores, podendo favorecer a manutenção de uma área de instabilidade enzoótica no Nordeste do Brasil.(AU)

Different leaf extracts from Brunfelsia uniflora in mice / Diferentes extratos das folhas de Brunfelsia uniflora em camundongos

In Brazil, at least 16 poisonous plant species can affect the central nervous system of livestock. Recently in the state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil, Brunfelsia uniflora was reported as a cause of nervous signs in donkeys, cattle, and small ruminants. In order to assess the toxicity of B. uniflora extracts, 20 Swiss mice were distributed into four groups (n=5) receiving by gavage alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, or saline (control group). After administration of the extracts in a single dose (5g kg-1), all mice were observed daily for clinical signs. Mice that received the extracts showed moderate to severe clinical signs, including piloerection, vocalization, and seizures. All mice dosed with saponins died between 10 and 20min after administration. Serum biochemical evaluation of animals that received saponins revealed slight increases in total protein levels and decreased magnesium and chlorite levels. In conclusion, saponins of B. uniflora leaves induced acute toxic neurological effects and death in mice.(AU)

No Brasil, pelo menos 16 espécies de plantas tóxicas podem afetar o sistema nervoso central dos bovinos. Recentemente no estado do Piauí, no Nordeste do Brasil, Brunfelsia uniflora foi relatada como causadora de sinais nervosos em jumentos, bovinos e pequenos ruminantes. Para avaliar a toxicidade de B. uniflora, 20 camundongos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de cinco animais recebendo diferentes extratos da planta. Os extratos de alcalóides, flavonóides, saponinas ou solução salina (grupo controle) foram administrados por gavagem. Após a administração dos extratos, em dose única (5g kg-1), todos os animais foram observados diariamente. Os camundongos que receberam os extratos de B. uniflora apresentaram sinais clínicos moderados a graves, incluindo piloeração, vocalização e convulsões. Todos os camundongos que receberam extrato de saponinas morreram entre 10 e 20 minutos após. A avaliação bioquímica sérica dos animais que receberam saponinas, revelou discretos aumentos nos níveis de proteína total e diminuição nos níveis de magnésio e cloro. Conclui-se que, as saponinas presentes nas folhas de B. uniflora induzem efeitos neurológicos tóxicos agudos e, morte em camundongos.(AU)

Avaliação do ciclo estral e da toxicidade sistêmica do látex de Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson em ratas Wistar / The estrous cycle evaluation and systemic toxicity in the latex of Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson in Wistar rats

It aimed to investigate the possible effects induced by the diluted latex oral administration of H. sucuuba(LdHs) in Wistar rats on the estrous cycle and other organ systems. The Wistar rats received by gavage the LdHs.The results showed that there was a decrease in average daily intake and ponderable development negativeinterference in the group treated with the dose 100 mg / kg. The number of primary follicles and in the dose 100 mg/ kg LdHs was superior to the control group. It was also observed a decrease in the number of estrous cycles andan increase in the average duration of the estrous cycle in this group. Therefore, doses 25 and 50 mg / kg of LdHshave been shown safe, however the dose 100 mg / kg decreased reproductive efficiency and promoted a lowsystemic toxicity as caused a decrease in feed consumption and interfered with the ponderable development.(AU)

Avaliação epidemiológica dos casos de tumor venéreo transmissível diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí / Epidemiologic evaluation of transmissible venereal tumor cases diagnosed in Animal Pathology Sector of Federal University of Piauí

In order to establish the frequency of VTT diagnosed by cytological examination at the AnimalPathology Department of Federal University of Piauí considering the gender, age and breed, a study ofdiagnosed cases was performed between January 2015 and November 2016. It was observed a higher incidencein males, average age in three years, non-owned dogs, occurring mostly in the external genitalia. TVT is animportant neoplasia affecting mainly canine reproductive organs.(AU)

Avaliação epidemiológica dos casos de tumor venéreo transmissível diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí / Epidemiologic evaluation of transmissible venereal tumor cases diagnosed in Animal Pathology Sector of Federal University of Piauí

In order to establish the frequency of VTT diagnosed by cytological examination at the AnimalPathology Department of Federal University of Piauí considering the gender, age and breed, a study ofdiagnosed cases was performed between January 2015 and November 2016. It was observed a higher incidencein males, average age in three years, non-owned dogs, occurring mostly in the external genitalia. TVT is animportant neoplasia affecting mainly canine reproductive organs.

Avaliação do ciclo estral e da toxicidade sistêmica do látex de Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson em ratas Wistar / The estrous cycle evaluation and systemic toxicity in the latex of Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson in Wistar rats

It aimed to investigate the possible effects induced by the diluted latex oral administration of H. sucuuba(LdHs) in Wistar rats on the estrous cycle and other organ systems. The Wistar rats received by gavage the LdHs.The results showed that there was a decrease in average daily intake and ponderable development negativeinterference in the group treated with the dose 100 mg / kg. The number of primary follicles and in the dose 100 mg/ kg LdHs was superior to the control group. It was also observed a decrease in the number of estrous cycles andan increase in the average duration of the estrous cycle in this group. Therefore, doses 25 and 50 mg / kg of LdHshave been shown safe, however the dose 100 mg / kg decreased reproductive efficiency and promoted a lowsystemic toxicity as caused a decrease in feed consumption and interfered with the ponderable development.

Biomodulation effects of LED and therapeutic ultrasound combined with semipermeable dressing in the repair process of cutaneous lesions in rats

PURPOSE:To compare the biomodulatory effects of LED and ultrasound combined with semipermeable dressing in the repair of cutaneous lesions.METHODS:Eighty-four Wistar rats were submitted to surgical injury (2.5 cm) and divided into four groups (n=21): Group I (control), Group II (LED therapy, LED), Group III (LED therapy + dressing, LED+D) and Group IV (ultrasound + dressing, US+D). At seven, 14 and 21 days, the animals were euthanized, and the specimens of interest removed for histological analysis.RESULTS:Histological and histomorphometric analysis revealed a greater percent wound regression in animals receiving the dressing (group III: 55.97; group IV: 53.06), as well as a greater reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate (group III: 29.14; group IV: 31.71) since day 7. A later effect, with progression of the tissue repair process only after 14 and 21 days, was observed in the LED group intense fibroblast proliferation and greater collagen fiber production and organization were seen in the LED+D and US+D groups compared to the other groups.CONCLUSION:LED combined with a dressing was more effective at accelerating in the repair of cutaneous lesions.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) with metastasis to the mammary gland / Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) com metástase para a glândula mamária

Background: Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a malignancy that in natural conditions develops in the genitalia of the dog. The nature of this transplantable tumor has been extensively studied, but it has not been possible to associate any viral particle to the development and spread of the disease. Coitus is considered the main form of transmission, related to the presentation of the classic TVT in the external genitalia of dogs, but although rare, it can cause metastasis. The aim of this study was to report two cases of genital presentation of this neoplasm, with metastatic lesions in the mammary gland, to contribute to the better understanding of its biological behavior. Cases: Two bitches, one mixed breed, with five years old and another, Pit Bull breed, with one year old, were presented with vulvar bleeding for eight months and 15 days, respectively. Lesions were observed in the vulva and inguinal mammary glands. Clinical examination showed, in two patients, a reddish mass located in the vulva. However, nodules of smooth consistency were identified in the right and left inguinal mammary glands of both dogs. With the exception of mammary lesion located in the right inguinal mixed breed bitch whose cytological diagnosis was lipoma, other lesions were diagnosed as TVT, once samples showed hypercellularity with homogeneous population of round cells with eccentric and...(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) with metastasis to the mammary gland / Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) com metástase para a glândula mamária

Background: Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a malignancy that in natural conditions develops in the genitalia of the dog. The nature of this transplantable tumor has been extensively studied, but it has not been possible to associate any viral particle to the development and spread of the disease. Coitus is considered the main form of transmission, related to the presentation of the classic TVT in the external genitalia of dogs, but although rare, it can cause metastasis. The aim of this study was to report two cases of genital presentation of this neoplasm, with metastatic lesions in the mammary gland, to contribute to the better understanding of its biological behavior. Cases: Two bitches, one mixed breed, with five years old and another, Pit Bull breed, with one year old, were presented with vulvar bleeding for eight months and 15 days, respectively. Lesions were observed in the vulva and inguinal mammary glands. Clinical examination showed, in two patients, a reddish mass located in the vulva. However, nodules of smooth consistency were identified in the right and left inguinal mammary glands of both dogs. With the exception of mammary lesion located in the right inguinal mixed breed bitch whose cytological diagnosis was lipoma, other lesions were diagnosed as TVT, once samples showed hypercellularity with homogeneous population of round cells with eccentric and...

Desempenho e resposta imune de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com cromo na forma orgânica / Immune response and performance by broiler chickens dietarysupplemented with chromium in organic form

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de cromo-orgânico, sobre o desempenho, biometria dos órgãos digestivos e linfoides, histomoformetria da bolsa cloacal e rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres de frangos de corte de 1 a 41 dias de idade, naturalmente submetidos a estresse por calor cíclico. Foram utilizados 400 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos: 0; 350; 700; 1050 e 1400 ppb de cromo na ração. Os valores do índice de temperatura de globo e umidade foram respectivamente, 83,39 e 80, para fase de crescimento e terminação. A suplementação do cromo orgânico influenciou (P 0,01) de forma quadrática a conversão alimentar dos animais segundo a equação Y=1,67-0,00016x+0,00000012x² (r² 0,976), na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade. Os níveis de suplementação do cromo orgânico proporcionaram melhor índice de eficiência produtiva e maior percentual de parênquima cortical nas aves aos 21 dias. Na fase de 1 a 41 dias de idade, verificou-se que o peso de penas foi influenciado positivamente com os níveis de cromo orgânico e que não houve efeito para o desempenho dos frangos. Conclui-se que a suplementação da ração com cromo orgânico melhora desempenho e a resposta imune de frangos de corte frente a condições de estresse por calor.(AU)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding organic chromium dietary supplementation on performance, digestiveand lymphoid organs biometry and histomorphometry of the clocal bursa and on carcass and prime cuts performance of broilersfrom 1 to 41 days old, naturally stressed by heat cyclic. We used 400 chicks Cobb, the experimental design adopted was acompletely randomized, with five treatments: 0; 350; 700; 1050 and 1400 ppb chromium in diet. The supplementation withorganic chromium influenced (p<0,01) quadratic form on alimentary conversion the animals according to the equation Y = 1.67to 0.00016 x 0.00000012 x ² (r ² 0.976) in the period 1 to 21. The levels of supplementation of organic chromium improvementproductive efficiency and percentage of cortical parenchyma of broilers to 21 days. In phase to 1 from 41 days old, it was observedimprovement the feathers weight with levels of organic chromium, and there wasnt influence on performance of broilers. Thechromium in the organic form improves the performance of broiler chickens and immune response by broiler chickens in cyclic heat stress.(AU)

Desempenho e resposta imune de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com cromo na forma orgânica / Immune response and performance by broiler chickens dietarysupplemented with chromium in organic form

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de cromo-orgânico, sobre o desempenho, biometria dos órgãos digestivos e linfoides, histomoformetria da bolsa cloacal e rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres de frangos de corte de 1 a 41 dias de idade, naturalmente submetidos a estresse por calor cíclico. Foram utilizados 400 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos: 0; 350; 700; 1050 e 1400 ppb de cromo na ração. Os valores do índice de temperatura de globo e umidade foram respectivamente, 83,39 e 80, para fase de crescimento e terminação. A suplementação do cromo orgânico influenciou (P 0,01) de forma quadrática a conversão alimentar dos animais segundo a equação Y=1,67-0,00016x+0,00000012x² (r² 0,976), na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade. Os níveis de suplementação do cromo orgânico proporcionaram melhor índice de eficiência produtiva e maior percentual de parênquima cortical nas aves aos 21 dias. Na fase de 1 a 41 dias de idade, verificou-se que o peso de penas foi influenciado positivamente com os níveis de cromo orgânico e que não houve efeito para o desempenho dos frangos. Conclui-se que a suplementação da ração com cromo orgânico melhora desempenho e a resposta imune de frangos de corte frente a condições de estresse por calor.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding organic chromium dietary supplementation on performance, digestiveand lymphoid organs biometry and histomorphometry of the clocal bursa and on carcass and prime cuts performance of broilersfrom 1 to 41 days old, naturally stressed by heat cyclic. We used 400 chicks Cobb, the experimental design adopted was acompletely randomized, with five treatments: 0; 350; 700; 1050 and 1400 ppb chromium in diet. The supplementation withorganic chromium influenced (p<0,01) quadratic form on alimentary conversion the animals according to the equation Y = 1.67to 0.00016 x 0.00000012 x ² (r ² 0.976) in the period 1 to 21. The levels of supplementation of organic chromium improvementproductive efficiency and percentage of cortical parenchyma of broilers to 21 days. In phase to 1 from 41 days old, it was observedimprovement the feathers weight with levels of organic chromium, and there wasn’t influence on performance of broilers. Thechromium in the organic form improves the performance of broiler chickens and immune response by broiler chickens in cyclic heat stress.

Babesiose canina: uma visão geral da doença / Canine babesiosis: an overview

A babesiose canina é uma doença hemolítica transmitida por carrapatos, causada pelos agentes Babesia gibsoni e Babesia canis, com este englobando as subespécies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis e B. canis rossi. Estas espécies e subespécies são transmitidas por carrapatos vetores distintos exibindo patogenicidade variável, o que tem influenciado nas síndromes clínicas exibidas pelos animais acometidos, assim como alguns fatores inerentes aos cães infectados. Essas diversidades morfológicas, epidemiológicas e patogenéticas dos agentes têm contribuído para as variações na distribuição e apresentação clínico-patológica da enfermidade e dificultado o diagnóstico da doença. Diante disso, esta revisão tem por objetivo expor os aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, imunológicos e clínico-patológicos, como também os métodos disponíveis para diagnóstico da babesiose canina.

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis, comprising of the subspecies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi. These species and subspecies have distinct tick vectors and display distinct pathogenic variables, which may infl uence the clinical syndromes exhibited by affected animals, besides factors inherent to the infected dog. These morphological, epidemiological and pathogenetic differences of the agents have contributed to variations in the distribution and clinical presentation of the disorder. Therefore, this review aims to expose the etiological, epidemiological, immunological and clinicalpathological features, as well as the methods available for diagnosis of canine babesiosis.

Babesiose canina: uma visão geral da doença / Canine babesiosis: an overview

A babesiose canina é uma doença hemolítica transmitida por carrapatos, causada pelos agentes Babesia gibsoni e Babesia canis, com este englobando as subespécies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis e B. canis rossi. Estas espécies e subespécies são transmitidas por carrapatos vetores distintos exibindo patogenicidade variável, o que tem influenciado nas síndromes clínicas exibidas pelos animais acometidos, assim como alguns fatores inerentes aos cães infectados. Essas diversidades morfológicas, epidemiológicas e patogenéticas dos agentes têm contribuído para as variações na distribuição e apresentação clínico-patológica da enfermidade e dificultado o diagnóstico da doença. Diante disso, esta revisão tem por objetivo expor os aspectos etiológicos, epidemiológicos, imunológicos e clínico-patológicos, como também os métodos disponíveis para diagnóstico da babesiose canina.(AU)

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia gibsoni and Babesia canis, comprising of the subspecies B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi. These species and subspecies have distinct tick vectors and display distinct pathogenic variables, which may infl uence the clinical syndromes exhibited by affected animals, besides factors inherent to the infected dog. These morphological, epidemiological and pathogenetic differences of the agents have contributed to variations in the distribution and clinical presentation of the disorder. Therefore, this review aims to expose the etiological, epidemiological, immunological and clinicalpathological features, as well as the methods available for diagnosis of canine babesiosis.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor treated with autohemotherapy

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells, that affects exclusively the canine specie. The etiology of the tumor is unknown, but the hystiocitic hipothesis is the more accepted. It is transmitted principally by the venereal form, but the inplant of cells can cause the disease. The clinic signs of the neoplasia are typical and include tumoral friable mass (in shape of cauliflower), that bleed easily. The most common localization is external genitalia, but the tumor can appears in skin surface and other organs. TVT grows rapidly (progressive phase) after transplantation, followed by a static phase (without cell proliferation) and then may regress spontaneously (stage of regression). The regression of the neoplasia is associated with increased infi ltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the tumor and characterized by increased apoptosis of tumor cells and fi brosis. The diagnosis of TVT is usually done by the physical aspect of the tumor, and confirmed by cytology or histopathology. TVT can be prevented by castration of the animals. The treatment of TVT is usually performed with vincristine, which has side effects, requires care in its application, and has a relatively high cost. Thus, new therapeutic low-cost alternatives are suggested, as is the case of autohemotherapy. The autohemotherapy technique consists of administration of autologous whole blood intramuscularly. In veterinary practice has been used successfully to treat bovine papillomatosis and other diseases. Probably the mechanism of action of autohemotherapy is to enhance organic immunity. This report aimed to evaluate the behavior of the transmissible venereal tumor in six dogs with naturally transplanted tumor after treatment with autohemotherapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult bitches were clinically examined and all presented transmissible venereal tumor located in external genitalia, adquired by natural transmission. Cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. The bitches were kept in kennels by one week before treatment, and it was not observed natural regression of tumor mass. After this time the animals were submitted to treatment with autohemotherapy, which consisted of application of autologous whole blood in the gluteal muscles, at dose of 10 mL. The applications were made weekly for seven weeks. All tumors were measured before and after autohemotherapy and, also weekly during the treatment. All tumors were friable and bleeding easily, multilobulated, nodulares, cauliflower-like shape, pale-pink to pale red, with surface smooth or irregular. In some animals there were signs of secondary infection. In general, the measurement of tumor ranged from 3.0 cm to 7.1 cm before of autohemotherapy. After treatment it was observed, macroscopically, a decrease of the tumoral mass in three dogs. Discussion: It was established as criterion for stopping treatment the time of seven weeks. Possibly if the treatment had been extended the regression could have been completed. Probably autohemotherapy increased immunity and, consequently, contributed to increase the body's resistance against TVT, producing regression of tumoral mass. Therefore, the autohemotherapy led to macroscopic partial regression of the tumor in 50% of animals subjected to this treatment, stimulating further research in this area.

Surto de raiva em bovinos no Estado do Piauí, Brasil / Outbreak of rabies in cattle of Piauí state, Brazil

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um surto de raiva ocorrido em bovinos da bacia leiteira de Parnaíba, Piauí. Um total de 127 animais veio a óbito com sintomatologia nervosa. Três animais foram necropsiados e amostras de encéfalo e cerebelo foram colhidas para realização de Imunofluorescência Direta (RIFD), Prova Biológica em Camundongo (PBC) e exame histopatológico. Além disto, 16 morcegos Desmodus rotundus) foram capturados na propriedade e em cavernas circunvizinhas e submetidos à RIFD e PBC. As amostras provenientes dos bovinos e morcegos foram positivas à RIFD e PBC. Além disso; o exame histopatológico das amostras bovinas revelou lesões compatíveis com a doença. Este trabalho relata o primeiro surto de raiva em bovinos da bacia leiteira do Estado do Piauí e demonstra a necessidade de adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle da raiva em locais onde há morcegos hematófagos.

This paper aims to report an outbreak of rabies in cattle of dairy region of Parnaíba, Piauí. A total of 127 animals died with neurological symptoms. Three animals were necropsied and samples from brain and cerebellum were collected to perform Direct Immunofluorescence Test (DFAT) and Biological Test in Mice (BTM). Moreover, 16 bats (Desmodus rotundus) were captured on the property and surrounding caves and, then, submitted to DFAT and BTM. The samples from bovines and bats were positive by DFAT and BTM. In addition, the histopathological examination of bovine samples revealed lesions compatibles with the disease. This work reports the first outbreak of rabies in cattle in the dairy region of Piauí and demonstrates the need to adopt measures to prevent and control rabies in places where there are hematophagous bats.

Avaliação da toxicidade crônica e gestacional do extrato etanólico de Buchenavia sp., em ratas Wistar / Assessment of chronic toxicity and gestational ethanol extract of Buchenavia sp. In Wistar rats

Com o objetivo de avaliar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos sistêmicos e reprodutivos do extrato etanólico de Buchenavia sp. (EEtOH-B), em ratas e sua prole, foram executados os protocolos gestacionais de pré-implantação, com 8 dias de tratamento, e pós-implantação, com 34 dias de administração, desde o 8º dia gestacional até o desmame e a avaliação da prole, e por fim, o protocolo de toxicidade crônica com 30 dias de tratamento. Em todos os protocolos, as ratas receberam o extrato etanólico nas dosagens de 250, 500 e 1000 mg/kg/dia (n=8/grupo) e para cada protocolo foi instituído um grupo controle (n=8/grupo) no qual foi administrada água destilada (10ml/kg/dia). Os resultados mostram que durante o período de realização dos tratamentos, não foram observados efeitos nocivos significativos ou óbitos que pudessem ser atribuídos ao extrato utilizado. Concluiu-se que o EEtOH-B não induz abortamento em ratas.

In order to evaluate the possible systemic and reproductive toxicity of the ethanol extractof Buchenavia sp., (EEtOH-B) in rats andt heir offspring, were executed protocols gestational pre-deployment, with 8 days of treatment, and post-implantation, with 34 days of administration, provided for the 8th gestational day until weaning and evaluation offspring, and finally, the protocol of chronic toxicity with 30 days of treatment. In all protocols, rats received the ethanol extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day (n=8/group) and for each protocol was established as a control group (n=8/group) in which it was administered distilled water (10ml/kg/day). The results show that during both treatments were not observed any significant adverse effects or deaths that could be attributed to the extract used. It was concluded tha the EEtOH-B does not induce abortion in female rats.

Avaliação da toxicidade crônica e gestacional do extrato etanólico de Buchenavia sp., em ratas Wistar / Assessment of chronic toxicity and gestational ethanol extract of Buchenavia sp. In Wistar rats

Com o objetivo de avaliar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos sistêmicos e reprodutivos do extrato etanólico de Buchenavia sp. (EEtOH-B), em ratas e sua prole, foram executados os protocolos gestacionais de pré-implantação, com 8 dias de tratamento, e pós-implantação, com 34 dias de administração, desde o 8º dia gestacional até o desmame e a avaliação da prole, e por fim, o protocolo de toxicidade crônica com 30 dias de tratamento. Em todos os protocolos, as ratas receberam o extrato etanólico nas dosagens de 250, 500 e 1000 mg/kg/dia (n=8/grupo) e para cada protocolo foi instituído um grupo controle (n=8/grupo) no qual foi administrada água destilada (10ml/kg/dia). Os resultados mostram que durante o período de realização dos tratamentos, não foram observados efeitos nocivos significativos ou óbitos que pudessem ser atribuídos ao extrato utilizado. Concluiu-se que o EEtOH-B não induz abortamento em ratas.(AU)

In order to evaluate the possible systemic and reproductive toxicity of the ethanol extractof Buchenavia sp., (EEtOH-B) in rats andt heir offspring, were executed protocols gestational pre-deployment, with 8 days of treatment, and post-implantation, with 34 days of administration, provided for the 8th gestational day until weaning and evaluation offspring, and finally, the protocol of chronic toxicity with 30 days of treatment. In all protocols, rats received the ethanol extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day (n=8/group) and for each protocol was established as a control group (n=8/group) in which it was administered distilled water (10ml/kg/day). The results show that during both treatments were not observed any significant adverse effects or deaths that could be attributed to the extract used. It was concluded tha the EEtOH-B does not induce abortion in female rats.(AU)