Life history of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with castor bean (Ricinus communis L) pollen in laboratory conditions / História de vida de Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), alimentado com pólen de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L) em condição de laboratório

The predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the principal natural enemies of tetranychid mites in several countries, promoting efficient control of those mites in several food and ornamental crops. Pest attacks such as that of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the problems faced by farmers, especially in the greenhouse, due to the difficulty of its control with the use of chemicals because of the development of fast resistance making it hard to control it. The objective of this work was to study the life history of the predatory mite N. californicus as a contribution to its mass laboratory rearing, having castor bean plant [Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)] pollen as food, for its subsequent use as a natural enemy of T. urticae on a cultivation of greenhouse rosebushes. The studies were carried out in the laboratory, at 25 ± 2°C of temperature, 70 ± 10% RH and a 14 hour photophase. The biological aspects and the fertility life table were appraised. Longevity of 32.9 days was verified for adult females and 40.4 days for males. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.2 and the mean generation time (T) was 17.2 days. The population doubled every 4.1 days. The results obtained were similar to those in which the predatory mite N. californicus fed on T. urticae.(AU)

O ácaro predador, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) é um dos principais inimigos naturais de ácaros tetraniquídeos em vários países, promovendo um eficiente controle em várias culturas alimentícias e ornamentais. O ataque de pragas como o ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae), é um dos problemas enfrentados pelos produtores, principalmente em casa de vegetação, pela dificuldade de seu controle com o uso de agroquímicos devido ao rápido desenvolvimento de resistência o que dificulta seu controle. Foi objetivo deste trabalho estudar a história de vida do ácaro predador N. californicus como contribuição à sua criação massal em laboratório tendo como alimento pólen de mamoneira [Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)] para posterior uso como inimigo natural de T. urticae em cultivo de roseiras (Rosa spp.) em casa de vegetação. Os estudos foram conduzidos em laboratório à temperatura de 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% de UR e 14 horas de fotofase. Foram avaliados os aspectos biológicos e confeccionada a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Foi constatada uma longevidade de 32,9 dias para fêmeas adultas e 40,4 dias para machos. A estimativa da capacidade inata de crescimento da população (rm) foi 0,2 dias e a duração média de geração (T) foi 17,2 dias. A população dobrou a cada 4,1 dias. Os resultados obtidos foram semelhantes àqueles nos quais o predador N. californicus foi alimentado com T. urticae.(AU)

Insemination of four cows per dose of frozen semen with a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol

The aim of the study was to evaluate the practicality of a 1: 4 dilution of doses of semen in fixed - time artificial insemination ( FTAI ) programs. Nelore cows (n = 803 ) were synchronized by a conventional FTAI protocol. For AI in the dilut ed group (n = 392) , 0.5 ml semen straws were thawed and 0.5 ml of extender conta ining amino acids and methylxanthine derivatives was added. The straws were fractionated into four straws of 0.25 ml each (dilution 1:4) with approximately 2.5 x 10 6 spermatozoa each and the insemination was performed in the ipsilateral horn to the ovary c ontaining the dominant follicle . In the control group (n = 411), AI was performed in the uterine body with one straw of 0.5 ml (10 x 10 6 spermatozoa) containing seme n from the same bull and batch . The conception rate was 49.2% (193/392) for the diluted gro up and 50.1% (206/411) for the control group, with 1.97 and 0.50 pregnancies per dose of semen , respectively . T he dilution of semen provide d a pregnancy index similar to the control group ; however, the technique increased the number of pregnancies per dos e , allowing for the best use of semen of high genetic value and reducing the cost per pregnancy.

Insemination of four cows per dose of frozen semen with a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol

The aim of the study was to evaluate the practicality of a 1: 4 dilution of doses of semen in fixed - time artificial insemination ( FTAI ) programs. Nelore cows (n = 803 ) were synchronized by a conventional FTAI protocol. For AI in the dilut ed group (n = 392) , 0.5 ml semen straws were thawed and 0.5 ml of extender conta ining amino acids and methylxanthine derivatives was added. The straws were fractionated into four straws of 0.25 ml each (dilution 1:4) with approximately 2.5 x 10 6 spermatozoa each and the insemination was performed in the ipsilateral horn to the ovary c ontaining the dominant follicle . In the control group (n = 411), AI was performed in the uterine body with one straw of 0.5 ml (10 x 10 6 spermatozoa) containing seme n from the same bull and batch . The conception rate was 49.2% (193/392) for the diluted gro up and 50.1% (206/411) for the control group, with 1.97 and 0.50 pregnancies per dose of semen , respectively . T he dilution of semen provide d a pregnancy index similar to the control group ; however, the technique increased the number of pregnancies per dos e , allowing for the best use of semen of high genetic value and reducing the cost per pregnancy.(AU)