Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

Pitiose cutânea em eqüinos: 14 casos

Cutaneous pythiosis is a chronic condition that may be fatal if early therapy is not implemented. It affects mainly horses and rarely cattle, dogs, cats and human beings. It is caused by Pythium insidiosum, which infects wounds on the skin of ventral abdomen, distal limbs and head of animals which pasture and drink water in swamped land. This report includes fourteen cases of pythiosis in horses from Uruguaiana, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are described and discussed.

A pitiose cutânea é uma doença crônica que afeta preferencialmente eqüinos e, raramente, bovinos, caninos, felinos e seres humanos. É causada por Pythium insidiosum, um fungo aquático. São relatados quatorze casos de pitiose cutânea em eqüinos do município de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. As lesões se localizam, principalmente na região distal dos membros pélvicos e caracterizam-se macroscopicamente por granulomas subcutâneos, ulcerados com exsudação sero-sanguinolenta. Microscopicamente há áreas irregulares de necrose circundadas por infiltrado inflamatório constituído por eosinófilos, neutrófilos, macrófagos e abundante tecido fibrovascular. São descritos e discutidos os métodos de diagnóstico, sinais clínicos, achados de necropsia, histopatologia, diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento

Pitiose cutânea em eqüinos: 14 casos

Cutaneous pythiosis is a chronic condition that may be fatal if early therapy is not implemented. It affects mainly horses and rarely cattle, dogs, cats and human beings. It is caused by Pythium insidiosum, which infects wounds on the skin of ventral abdomen, distal limbs and head of animals which pasture and drink water in swamped land. This report includes fourteen cases of pythiosis in horses from Uruguaiana, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are described and discussed.

A pitiose cutânea é uma doença crônica que afeta preferencialmente eqüinos e, raramente, bovinos, caninos, felinos e seres humanos. É causada por Pythium insidiosum, um fungo aquático. São relatados quatorze casos de pitiose cutânea em eqüinos do município de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. As lesões se localizam, principalmente na região distal dos membros pélvicos e caracterizam-se macroscopicamente por granulomas subcutâneos, ulcerados com exsudação sero-sanguinolenta. Microscopicamente há áreas irregulares de necrose circundadas por infiltrado inflamatório constituído por eosinófilos, neutrófilos, macrófagos e abundante tecido fibrovascular. São descritos e discutidos os métodos de diagnóstico, sinais clínicos, achados de necropsia, histopatologia, diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento

Surto de febre amarela em bugios

A febre amarela é uma infecção aguda causada por um Flavivirus (VFA) transmitido por mosquitos, endemica nas regiões tropicais da América do Sul. O objetivo desta nota prévia é relatar a ocorrência de um surto da doença no Sul do Brasil. Durante os meses de outono de 2001, um surto de doença em bugios vitimou aproximadamente oitenta exemplares da espécie Alouatta fusca numa floresta no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul (Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos). Os habitantes do lugar relataram que os animais caiam das árvores gravemente enfermos ou mortos. Os populares observaram que os animais tinham amarelamento acentuado da pele e mucosas visíveis. O cadáver de um dos bugios encontrados mortos foi necropsiado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O animal era uma fêmea em mau estado corporal e as lesões observadas na necropsia consistiam em icterícia acentuada de mucosas, grandes vasos e órgãos internos. A bexiga continha urina amarelada com flocos esbranquiçados. Tecidos de vários órgãos foram incluídos em parafina e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina. Foi detectada necrose de coagulação massiva do fígado com degeneração gordurosa dos hepatócitos remanescentes, degeneração do epitélio tubular renal com cilindros hialinos na luz tubular, e necrose variável dos folículos linfóides do baço. As lesões foram sugestivas de

Surto de febre amarela em bugios

A febre amarela é uma infecção aguda causada por um Flavivirus (VFA) transmitido por mosquitos, endemica nas regiões tropicais da América do Sul. O objetivo desta nota prévia é relatar a ocorrência de um surto da doença no Sul do Brasil. Durante os meses de outono de 2001, um surto de doença em bugios vitimou aproximadamente oitenta exemplares da espécie Alouatta fusca numa floresta no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul (Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos). Os habitantes do lugar relataram que os animais caiam das árvores gravemente enfermos ou mortos. Os populares observaram que os animais tinham amarelamento acentuado da pele e mucosas visíveis. O cadáver de um dos bugios encontrados mortos foi necropsiado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O animal era uma fêmea em mau estado corporal e as lesões observadas na necropsia consistiam em icterícia acentuada de mucosas, grandes vasos e órgãos internos. A bexiga continha urina amarelada com flocos esbranquiçados. Tecidos de vários órgãos foram incluídos em parafina e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina. Foi detectada necrose de coagulação massiva do fígado com degeneração gordurosa dos hepatócitos remanescentes, degeneração do epitélio tubular renal com cilindros hialinos na luz tubular, e necrose variável dos folículos linfóides do baço. As lesões foram sugestivas de

Surto de febre amarela em bugios

A febre amarela é uma infecção aguda causada por um Flavivirus (VFA) transmitido por mosquitos, endemica nas regiões tropicais da América do Sul. O objetivo desta nota prévia é relatar a ocorrência de um surto da doença no Sul do Brasil. Durante os meses de outono de 2001, um surto de doença em bugios vitimou aproximadamente oitenta exemplares da espécie Alouatta fusca numa floresta no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul (Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos). Os habitantes do lugar relataram que os animais caiam das árvores gravemente enfermos ou mortos. Os populares observaram que os animais tinham amarelamento acentuado da pele e mucosas visíveis. O cadáver de um dos bugios encontrados mortos foi necropsiado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O animal era uma fêmea em mau estado corporal e as lesões observadas na necropsia consistiam em icterícia acentuada de mucosas, grandes vasos e órgãos internos. A bexiga continha urina amarelada com flocos esbranquiçados. Tecidos de vários órgãos foram incluídos em parafina e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina. Foi detectada necrose de coagulação massiva do fígado com degeneração gordurosa dos hepatócitos remanescentes, degeneração do epitélio tubular renal com cilindros hialinos na luz tubular, e necrose variável dos folículos linfóides do baço. As lesões foram sugestivas de

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5