Rhinitis in goat by Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata) / Rinite em caprino por Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata)

ABSTRACT: We described a case of rhinitis case caused by Exserohilum rostratum in a 3-year-old, mixed breed, afemale goat, presenting with decreased appetite, dyspnea, and face deformity, with evolution of approximately 2 months. Necropsy revealed an extensive brownish yellow, irregular, ulcerated, and friable focal lesion in the nasal cavity. Purulent secretion drained from the lesion, affecting the nasal vestibule and extending the caudal portion of the dorsal concha, associated with nasal meatus obstruction, destruction of the nasal septum, and nasal bone palatine and vomer. Histologically, the lesion was characterized as rhinitis and pyogranulomatous and necrotizing osteomyelitis (multifocal to coalescent, sharp, and chronic) and associated with a myriad of fungal structures. Morphologically, the hyphae were characterized by thin, slightly tortuous, and rarely septate walls (2-6 μm diameter), multiple chains of individual conidia or in groups (8-10 μm diameter), and pigmented chlamydoconidia (7.5-15 μm diameter). They showed positive results for the special histochemical techniques such as Fontana Masson, methenamine silver nitrate by Grocott, and periodic acid by Schiff. E. rostratum was identified as the causative agent using microbiological isolation associated with molecular identification. Pyrogranulomatous rhinitis caused by E. rostratum in goats is unprecedented, being the first isolation of the agent in animals in Brazil and the first case of nasal phaeohyphomycosis in the goats.

RESUMO: Descreve-se um caso de rinite por Exserohilum rostratum em um caprino, sem raça definida, fêmea, três anos, com diminuição do apetite, dispneia e deformidade facial, com evolução de aproximadamente dois meses. Durante a necropsia, observou-se que na cavidade nasal havia área focal extensa, amarelo acastanhada, irregular, ulcerada e friável, que drenava secreção purulenta acometendo o vestíbulo nasal e estendendo-se da porção caudal da concha dorsal, associada a obstrução do meato nasal, destruição do septo nasal e osso nasal palatino e vômer. Histologicamente, a lesão foi caracterizada como rinite e osteomielite piogranulomatosa e necrosante, multifocal a coalescente, aguda, crônica, associada a uma miríade de estruturas fúngicas. Morfologicamente, as hifas foram caracterizadas por paredes finas, discretamente tortuosas e septadas medindo 2 a 6 μm de diâmetro. Observamos algumas cadeias de conídios ou grupos com 8 a 10 μm de diâmetro e clamidoconídios pigmentados medindo de 7,5 a 15 μm de diâmetro. Foram positivos na histoquímica especial de Fontana Masson, Nitrato de Metenamina de Prata de Grocott e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. O agente foi determinado por meio de isolamento microbiológico associado à identificação molecular. A rinite piogranulomatosa causada por E. rostratum em caprinos é inédita, sendo o primeiro isolamento do agente em animais no Brasil e o primeiro caso de feo-hifomicose nasal na espécie caprina.

Rhinitis in goat by Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata) / Rinite em caprino por Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata)

We described a case of rhinitis case caused by Exserohilum rostratum in a 3-year-old, mixed breed, afemale goat, presenting with decreased appetite, dyspnea, and face deformity, with evolution of approximately 2 months. Necropsy revealed an extensive brownish yellow, irregular, ulcerated, and friable focal lesion in the nasal cavity. Purulent secretion drained from the lesion, affecting the nasal vestibule and extending the caudal portion of the dorsal concha, associated with nasal meatus obstruction, destruction of the nasal septum, and nasal bone palatine and vomer. Histologically, the lesion was characterized as rhinitis and pyogranulomatous and necrotizing osteomyelitis (multifocal to coalescent, sharp, and chronic) and associated with a myriad of fungal structures. Morphologically, the hyphae were characterized by thin, slightly tortuous, and rarely septate walls (2-6 µm diameter), multiple chains of individual conidia or in groups (8-10 µm diameter), and pigmented chlamydoconidia (7.5-15 µm diameter). They showed positive results for the special histochemical techniques such as Fontana Masson, methenamine silver nitrate by Grocott, and periodic acid by Schiff. E. rostratum was identified as the causative agent using microbiological isolation associated with molecular identification. Pyrogranulomatous rhinitis caused by E. rostratum in goats is unprecedented, being the first isolation of the agent in animals in Brazil and the first case of nasal phaeohyphomycosis in the goats.

Descreve-se um caso de rinite por Exserohilum rostratum em um caprino, sem raça definida, fêmea, três anos, com diminuição do apetite, dispneia e deformidade facial, com evolução de aproximadamente dois meses. Durante a necropsia, observou-se que na cavidade nasal havia área focal extensa, amarelo acastanhada, irregular, ulcerada e friável, que drenava secreção purulenta acometendo o vestíbulo nasal e estendendo-se da porção caudal da concha dorsal, associada a obstrução do meato nasal, destruição do septo nasal e osso nasal palatino e vômer. Histologicamente, a lesão foi caracterizada como rinite e osteomielite piogranulomatosa e necrosante, multifocal a coalescente, aguda, crônica, associada a uma miríade de estruturas fúngicas. Morfologicamente, as hifas foram caracterizadas por paredes finas, discretamente tortuosas e septadas medindo 2 a 6 µm de diâmetro. Observamos algumas cadeias de conídios ou grupos com 8 a 10 µm de diâmetro e clamidoconídios pigmentados medindo de 7,5 a 15 µm de diâmetro. Foram positivos na histoquímica especial de Fontana Masson, Nitrato de Metenamina de Prata de Grocott e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. O agente foi determinado por meio de isolamento microbiológico associado à identificação molecular. A rinite piogranulomatosa causada por E. rostratum em caprinos é inédita, sendo o primeiro isolamento do agente em animais no Brasil e o primeiro caso de feo-hifomicose nasal na espécie caprina.

Carcinoma hepatocelular metastático em Amazona aestiva / Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in Amazona aestiva

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary malignant tumor of the liver tissue and its occurrence in birds is considered rare. The tumor can occur as a single mass leading to hepatomegaly, or as multiple nodules in the liver. In animals of the genus Amazona, only 1 case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in the United States, therefore, little is known about its epidemiology and clinicopathological aspects in these species. In this context, the aim of this work was to describe a case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in an Amazona aestiva. Case: A blue-fronted amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was referred to necropsy after being found dead in its enclosure. On examination, it presented cachectic body score. Examination of the coelomic cavity, revealed a serous translucent fluid and adhesions between the liver and peritoneum.A red mass restricted to the right hepatic lobe and raised to the capsular surface, interspersed with whitish and dark red multifocal areas was observed. When cut, this mass was soft, protruding, multilobulated, whitish and with a friable reddish center. Additionally, on the dorsal surface of the left lung lobe, there was a rounded, well defined, whitish, and soft nodule. Microscopically, partial replacement of the hepatic parenchyma was observed by neoplastic proliferation of cuboidal epithelial cells, organized in mantle and supported by a scarce fibrovascular stroma. Cells have large, eosinophilic, well-delimited cytoplasm, with a central, oval nucleus, loose chromatin, and evident nucleolus. Moderate pleomorphism was characterized by anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and aberrant nuclei. In the lung, a focally extensive mass with a pattern similar to that seen in the liver was observed. In the kidney, multifocal neoplastic emboli were noted. Liver immunohistochemistry was performed. Positive and negative controls were used to validate the reaction; however, there was no immunolabelling for the evaluated antibodies. Discussion: The histopathological characteristics observed in this study favored the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to kidney and lung. Primary liver tumors are rare in wild birds. In ducks, experimental studies have pointed aflatoxins and the duck hepatitis B virus as oncogenic agents, however, in birds of the genus Amazona, there are no studies that evaluate predisposing factors to the development of liver carcinoma. Macroscopically, hepatocellular carcinoma may present in massive, nodular or diffuse forms. In birds, the right lobe is the largest, which may suggest that this lobe is more prone to the development of HCC, as seen in the present case. The solid form, similar to that observed in this report, seems to be more commonly observed, as seen in the wild bird reports consulted. Metastases most often spread hematogenous, and in the present report there was metastasis to kidneys and lungs, which is a common feature for this neoplasm. In the present case, there was no labeling by any of the antibodies, perhaps because of their aggressiveness, associated with autolytic factors that prevent the labeling of antibodies, in addition to the specificity in the antibodyantigen relationship. This tumor must be differentiated from other liver tumors such as cholangiocarcinoma, and also the well-differentiated hepatocellular adenoma, in addition to non-neoplastic conditions. HCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for Amazona aestiva found dead in the enclosure without previous clinical signs. This neoplasm is rare in Amazon parrots and reports should be encouraged in order to contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the tumor.

Anestesia em cágados-de-barbicha, sob efeito de propofrol administrado por via intracelomática / Anesthesia in Geoffroy’s toadhead turtle, under the effect of propofol administered by intracelomatic route

No presente estudo avaliou-se a influência do regime hídrico sobre os efeitos do propofol em Phrynops geoffroanus. Foram utilizados 10 animais, que foram anestesiados com propofol 1%, na dose de 35 mg/kg, pela via intracelomática, em duas ocasiões, com intervalo de 15 dias. Foram montados aleatoriamente dois grupos experimentas G1 e G2. No G1 os animais foram retirados da água 12 horas antes da anestesia e no G2 permaneceram dentro d’água até o momento da indução anestésica. Se avaliou a duração do período de latência, período hábil, período de recuperação e qualidade da contenção farmacológica. No G1 as médias dos períodos de latência, hábil anestésico e de recuperação foram de 16,8±8,4 minutos, 86,5±79,4 minutos e 1,5±3,8 minutos, respectivamente. Já no G2 as médias foram de 19,9±9,8 minutos, 110,9±104,7 minutos e 28,8±58,2 minutos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a qualidade da contenção farmacológica foi considerada boa em ambos os grupos.

In the present study, the influence of the water regime on the effects of propofol on Phrynops geoffroanus was evaluated. Ten animals, which were anesthetized with propofol 1% at a dose of 35 mg / kg, were used intracelomatically on two occasions, with a 15 day interval. Two experimental groups G1 and G2 were set up in learner. In G1 the animals were withdrawn from the water 12 hours before the anesthesia, and in the G2 they remained in the water until the moment of the anesthetic induction. The duration of the latency period, skill period, recovery period and quality of pharmacological containment were evaluated. In G1, the means of the latency, skillful anesthetic and recovery periods were 16.8±8.4 minutes, 86.5±79.4 minutes and 1.5±3.8 minutes, respectively. In the G2, the mean values were 19.9±9.8 minutes, 110.9±104.7 minutes and 28.8±58.2 minutes respectively. It was concluded that the quality of the pharmacological restraint was considered good in both groups.

Parâmetros fisiológicos de cágados-de-barbicha, sob efeito de propofrol por via intracelomática / Physiological parameters of Geoffroy’s toadhead turtle, under the effect of propofol by intracelomatic route

For correct chemical containment, there is a need for an adequate anesthetic protocol for each species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the water regime on the effects of propofol in Phrynops geoffroanus. Ten animals were used, which were anesthetized with propofol 1%, at a dose of 35 mg/kg, by the intracellular route. All animals were anesthetized on two occasions, with a minimum interval of 15 days between anesthetics, randomly composing two experimental groups, Group 1, in which the animals were submitted to 12 hours of water regime, while in Group 2 they remained within water until the moment of anesthetic induction. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate and oxyhemoglobin saturation were measured. There was a significant difference between groups only regarding heart rate. It was concluded that the 12 hour water regime did not influence the physiological parameters of the animals.

Parâmetros fisiológicos de cágados-de-barbicha, sob efeito de propofrol por via intracelomática / Physiological parameters of Geoffroys toadhead turtle, under the effect of propofol by intracelomatic route

For correct chemical containment, there is a need for an adequate anesthetic protocol for each species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the water regime on the effects of propofol in Phrynops geoffroanus. Ten animals were used, which were anesthetized with propofol 1%, at a dose of 35 mg/kg, by the intracellular route. All animals were anesthetized on two occasions, with a minimum interval of 15 days between anesthetics, randomly composing two experimental groups, Group 1, in which the animals were submitted to 12 hours of water regime, while in Group 2 they remained within water until the moment of anesthetic induction. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate and oxyhemoglobin saturation were measured. There was a significant difference between groups only regarding heart rate. It was concluded that the 12 hour water regime did not influence the physiological parameters of the animals.(AU)

Anestesia em cágados-de-barbicha, sob efeito de propofrol administrado por via intracelomática / Anesthesia in Geoffroys toadhead turtle, under the effect of propofol administered by intracelomatic route

No presente estudo avaliou-se a influência do regime hídrico sobre os efeitos do propofol em Phrynops geoffroanus. Foram utilizados 10 animais, que foram anestesiados com propofol 1%, na dose de 35 mg/kg, pela via intracelomática, em duas ocasiões, com intervalo de 15 dias. Foram montados aleatoriamente dois grupos experimentas G1 e G2. No G1 os animais foram retirados da água 12 horas antes da anestesia e no G2 permaneceram dentro dágua até o momento da indução anestésica. Se avaliou a duração do período de latência, período hábil, período de recuperação e qualidade da contenção farmacológica. No G1 as médias dos períodos de latência, hábil anestésico e de recuperação foram de 16,8±8,4 minutos, 86,5±79,4 minutos e 1,5±3,8 minutos, respectivamente. Já no G2 as médias foram de 19,9±9,8 minutos, 110,9±104,7 minutos e 28,8±58,2 minutos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a qualidade da contenção farmacológica foi considerada boa em ambos os grupos.(AU)

In the present study, the influence of the water regime on the effects of propofol on Phrynops geoffroanus was evaluated. Ten animals, which were anesthetized with propofol 1% at a dose of 35 mg / kg, were used intracelomatically on two occasions, with a 15 day interval. Two experimental groups G1 and G2 were set up in learner. In G1 the animals were withdrawn from the water 12 hours before the anesthesia, and in the G2 they remained in the water until the moment of the anesthetic induction. The duration of the latency period, skill period, recovery period and quality of pharmacological containment were evaluated. In G1, the means of the latency, skillful anesthetic and recovery periods were 16.8±8.4 minutes, 86.5±79.4 minutes and 1.5±3.8 minutes, respectively. In the G2, the mean values were 19.9±9.8 minutes, 110.9±104.7 minutes and 28.8±58.2 minutes respectively. It was concluded that the quality of the pharmacological restraint was considered good in both groups.(AU)