Urolitíase obstrutiva em ovino / Obstructive Urolithiasis in Ovine

Background: Urolithiasis, which is characterized by the presence of stone(s) in the urinary tract, is found in young, male and confined small ruminants. It results from the interaction of several physiological and nutritional factors associated with animal management. The condition is linked to concentrated diets based on grains, with a high phosphorus and magnesium content. The illness becomes important when the stones cause obstruction, which normally occurs in the urethra and which may lead to a rupture of the bladder if the obstruction is not alleviated. In which case, an increase of the abdominal volume is observed, due to the presence of urine in the abdominal cavity. The animal may die from uremia within two to three days, but this period can be longer. Several surgical techniques for the treatment of urolithiasis have been described: amputation of the urethral process with penile transposition, urethrostomy and cystotomy. This study describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in an ovine, with orchiectomy and penectomy, followed by a perineal urethrostomy. Case: The animal in question is an one-year old half-breed male pet sheep, weighing 11.5 kg and admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. The main complaint was that the animal was not “urinating”. During anamnesis, the owner reported that the condition started approximately seven days ago with anorexia, abdominal distension and difficult urination. At the physical examination, it was observed a slightly increased cardiac frequency, decreased ruminal movements, pale mucous, dehydration, lethargy, distension and intense abdominal pain, urinary bladder filled, strangury, trauma and penile protrusion with necrosis, urine infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue, preputial and testicular edema.[...]

Dioctofimose em cães / Dioctophymosis in dogs / en

Background: Dioctophyma renale or giant worm is a parasite that has hematophagous habits and it is found worldwide. It is most commonly observed in stray and wild domestic carnivores. It affects several wild and herbivore animals. Even though it is a zoonosis, it rarely affects humans. Its diagnosis is occasionally made during surgeries and necropsies, by the presence of eggs or the parasite itself in the urine. Its epidemiology, with a complex life cycle, starts with the eggs containing the first stage larvae, which are then ingested by its intermediate host, an aquatic oligochaete (annelid) (Lumbriculus variegatus) and the definitive host is infected by ingestion of this latter or its paratenic host, namely fish and frog. The purpose of this study was to report two Dioctophyma renale cases with different life cycles, one in the left inguinal region of a dog and the other one in an ulcerated tumor in the right I2 teat of a bitch. Case: The first case consisted of a 5-month old mongrel dog weighting 8 kg, whose owner’s main complaint was a large growth observed in the left inguinal region of the animal. No other alterations were identified at the general physical examination. An exploratory surgical procedure was immediately chosen, at which time the parasite was detected. The antibiotic prophylaxis used enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, both applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with xylazine 2 mg/kg, administrated intravenously was used in the anesthesia, and its maintenance was made with ketamine. An incision was made to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and peritoneum in order to access the inguinal region, at which time the parasite was found. The second case was an 8-year-old mongrel bitch, not spayed and weighting 15 kg, which was taken to the Hospital of Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. At clinical examination, an increase in volume and the presence of an ulcer were observed in the right I2 abdominal teat. Based on this, regional mastectomy was indicated for T3, I1 and I2. The hemogram did not reveal any important alterations. The antibiotic prophylaxis used benzathine penicillin 40 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with diazepam 0.5 mg/kg, administrated intravenously, was used for the induction of anesthesia. The anesthesia was maintained with halothane in a semi-closed circuit. An elliptical incision was made to the medium caudal line, with dilatation and ligation of the mammary artery, followed by removal of the teats. After surgery, the parasite was found upon incision of the part removed. During the entire transoperative procedure, the animals received 10 mL/ kg Ringer Lactate/hour. Discussion: The identification of the parasite was based on its morphological characteristics, particularly regarding size and color. The surgical findings were accidental. The parasite is identified during necropsy or when its eggs are found in urine, or when the parasite itself is eliminated. Excretory urography and ultrasound do not reveal the parasite, but they may indicate a renal dysfunction. Several parasites can be found in the same host. Only one female and one male were observed in each of the cases. The most efficient treatment is the surgical removal of the parasite and, in some cases, nephrotomy and nephrectomy are also indicated. The patients fully recovered from the condition. Organs must always be observed in procedures involving or not cavities.

Dioctofimose em cães / Dioctophymosis in dogs / en

Background: Dioctophyma renale or giant worm is a parasite that has hematophagous habits and it is found worldwide. It is most commonly observed in stray and wild domestic carnivores. It affects several wild and herbivore animals. Even though it is a zoonosis, it rarely affects humans. Its diagnosis is occasionally made during surgeries and necropsies, by the presence of eggs or the parasite itself in the urine. Its epidemiology, with a complex life cycle, starts with the eggs containing the first stage larvae, which are then ingested by its intermediate host, an aquatic oligochaete (annelid) (Lumbriculus variegatus) and the definitive host is infected by ingestion of this latter or its paratenic host, namely fish and frog. The purpose of this study was to report two Dioctophyma renale cases with different life cycles, one in the left inguinal region of a dog and the other one in an ulcerated tumor in the right I2 teat of a bitch. Case: The first case consisted of a 5-month old mongrel dog weighting 8 kg, whose owners main complaint was a large growth observed in the left inguinal region of the animal. No other alterations were identified at the general physical examination. An exploratory surgical procedure was immediately chosen, at which time the parasite was detected. The antibiotic prophylaxis used enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, both applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with xylazine 2 mg/kg, administrated intravenously was used in the anesthesia, and its maintenance was made with ketamine. An incision was made to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and peritoneum in order to access the inguinal region, at which time the parasite was found. The second case was an 8-year-old mongrel bitch, not spayed and weighting 15 kg, which was taken to the Hospital of Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. At clinical examination, an increase in volume and the presence of an ulcer were observed in the right I2 abdominal teat. Based on this, regional mastectomy was indicated for T3, I1 and I2. The hemogram did not reveal any important alterations. The antibiotic prophylaxis used benzathine penicillin 40 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with diazepam 0.5 mg/kg, administrated intravenously, was used for the induction of anesthesia. The anesthesia was maintained with halothane in a semi-closed circuit. An elliptical incision was made to the medium caudal line, with dilatation and ligation of the mammary artery, followed by removal of the teats. After surgery, the parasite was found upon incision of the part removed. During the entire transoperative procedure, the animals received 10 mL/ kg Ringer Lactate/hour. Discussion: The identification of the parasite was based on its morphological characteristics, particularly regarding size and color. The surgical findings were accidental. The parasite is identified during necropsy or when its eggs are found in urine, or when the parasite itself is eliminated. Excretory urography and ultrasound do not reveal the parasite, but they may indicate a renal dysfunction. Several parasites can be found in the same host. Only one female and one male were observed in each of the cases. The most efficient treatment is the surgical removal of the parasite and, in some cases, nephrotomy and nephrectomy are also indicated. The patients fully recovered from the condition. Organs must always be observed in procedures involving or not cavities.(AU)

Urolitíase obstrutiva em ovino / Obstructive Urolithiasis in Ovine

Background: Urolithiasis, which is characterized by the presence of stone(s) in the urinary tract, is found in young, male and confined small ruminants. It results from the interaction of several physiological and nutritional factors associated with animal management. The condition is linked to concentrated diets based on grains, with a high phosphorus and magnesium content. The illness becomes important when the stones cause obstruction, which normally occurs in the urethra and which may lead to a rupture of the bladder if the obstruction is not alleviated. In which case, an increase of the abdominal volume is observed, due to the presence of urine in the abdominal cavity. The animal may die from uremia within two to three days, but this period can be longer. Several surgical techniques for the treatment of urolithiasis have been described: amputation of the urethral process with penile transposition, urethrostomy and cystotomy. This study describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in an ovine, with orchiectomy and penectomy, followed by a perineal urethrostomy. Case: The animal in question is an one-year old half-breed male pet sheep, weighing 11.5 kg and admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. The main complaint was that the animal was not “urinating”. During anamnesis, the owner reported that the condition started approximately seven days ago with anorexia, abdominal distension and difficult urination. At the physical examination, it was observed a slightly increased cardiac frequency, decreased ruminal movements, pale mucous, dehydration, lethargy, distension and intense abdominal pain, urinary bladder filled, strangury, trauma and penile protrusion with necrosis, urine infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue, preputial and testicular edema.[...](AU)

Distribuição intraparenquimal da artéria hepática em cutias (Dasyprocta sp, Rodentia) / Intraparenchymal distribution of the hepatic artery in agouti (Dasyprocta sp, Rodentia)

Com o objetivo de analisar a ramificação da artéria hepática e sua distribuição intraparenquimal em cutias, foram utilizados dez fígados de cutias adultas, fêmeas e machas, cedidas pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Preservação de Animais Silvestres do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí (Convênio FUFPI/IBAMA número 02/99). Oito fígados foram dissecados pela face visceral após injeção com látex do tipo Neoprene 650 (DuPont do Brasil Industrias Químicas) corado em vermelho, através da artéria hepática, e fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10%, durante pelo menos 48 horas. Dois órgãos foram utilizados para a confecção dos moldes vasculares,através de injeção de solução de acetato de vinil corado em vermelho e corrosão em solução aquosa de ácido clorídrico a 30% até total destruição do parênquima. O estudo das peças mostrou que a artéria hepática na cutia divide-se em dois ramos principais, direito e esquerdo (100%). De forma geral, o ramo direito predominantemente (80%) origina vasos responsáveis pela vascularização dos lobos medial direito, lateral direito e caudado. O ramo esquerdo apresenta-se com maior freqüência (80%) constituindo um tronco comum aos vasos que se destinam aos lobos lateral esquerdo, medial esquerdo, quadrado, em 50%, também ao lobo caudado e em 20% ao lobo lateral direito. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a distribuição vascular da artéria hepática está relacionada à lobação do órgão, onde os ramos direito e esquerdo se distribuem no parênquima dos lobos do fígado, podendo-se inferir a presença de territórios com vascularização própria nos lobos hepáticos, caracterizando, portanto, a segmentação anátomo-cirúrgica arterial.(AU)

The present study was design to investigate the hepatic arteries branches and your intraparenchymal distribution in agoutis. Were studied ten agouti's livers, female and male from our colony (Núcleo de Estudos de Preservação de Animais Silvestres do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí - FUFPI/IBAMA 02/99). After injection with colored latex Neoprene 650 (DuPont do Brasil, Chemistry Industries), through the hepatic artery, eight livers were dissected through the visceral faces. The samples were fixed in 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution and after a minimum period of 48 hours. Two organs were injected with colored vinil acetate, following procedures of acid chloride corrosion in order to obtained vascular casts. The study shows that the agouti's hepatic arteries bifurcate into two principals branches, right and left (100%). In general, the right branches usually (80%) gave origin vessels that are responsible for the right medial, right lateral and caudate lobes's vascularization. The left branches normally (80%) give origin vessels that are responsible for the left medial, left lateral, quadrate lobes's vascularization, also to the caudate lobos (50%) and right lateral (20%). In this way, the vascular distribution of the hepatic artery is related to the organ's lobos; where the right and left branches have intraparenchymal distribution into the liver's lobos. This study gave support to the anatomic-surgery artery segmentation.(AU)

Técnica modificada de ovariosalpingohisterectomia em cadelas

Foram realizadas ovariosalpingohisterectomia em 20 cadelas, divididas em dois grupos (GI e GII). Nas cadelas do GI foram feitas duas incisões paramedianas (direita e esquerda) para ligadura dos ovários e uma incisão mediana pélvica para ligadura do coto uterino e retirada dos órgãos. No GII houve uma única incisão pré-retroumbilical. O cortisol plasmático elevou-se no trans e pós-operatório em todas as cadelas. Nos animais do GI, o cortisol foi mais elevado, porém com recuperação mais rápida. O tempo cirúrgico também foi maior neste grupo. No GII, quatro animais apresentaram seroma. Concluiu-se que a técnica modificada provoca maior estresse, mas pode ser indicada em mutirões de castração por não apresentar complicações pós-operatórias imediatas