Innate immunity gene expression profiles in conjunctival membrane biopsies from Amazonian buffalo / Perfis de expressão de genes da imunidade inata em biopsias de membrana conjuntival de búfalos da Amazônia

Domestic buffalo production plays an economically important role in the Brazilian Amazon, but they are susceptible to many diseases favored by the tropical climate and annually flooded habitats, including ocular diseases. In this context, it is important to select genotypes that maximize innate ocular immunity in Amazonian herds. We aimed to characterise, for the first time, gene expression profiles of the innate immune system in the conjunctival membrane of buffalo. Ocular conjunctival tissue samples were collected from 60 clinically healthy slaughtered animals in the northern Brazilian state of Amapá. The samples were histologically processed for classification into three groups according to the quantitative degree of lymphoid tissue associated with the conjunctiva (discrete, G1; slight, G2; and moderate, G3 presence of lymphoid tissue). RT-PCR was used to quantify gene expression of inflammatory cytokine (IL6, IL10, TNFA, IFNG), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and Defensin beta 110 (DEFB110), relative to the endogenous GAPDH gene. G1 animals presented low expression for IL6, IL10, TNFA, and DEFB110, while G2 exhibited high expression for IL6, IL10, IFNG, and TLR4. All G3 animals showed high expression for all tested genes. These results suggest a greater resistance to pathogenic microorganisms of buffalos in the G3 group, and the proportion of lymphoid tissue associated with the conjunctiva may be related to the immune resistance of individuals.(AU)

A produção de búfalos domésticos desempenha um papel economicamente importante na Amazônia brasileira, mas eles são suscetíveis a muitas doenças favorecidas pelo clima tropical e habitats inundados anualmente, incluindo doenças oculares. Nesse contexto, é importante selecionar genótipos que maximizem a imunidade ocular inata em rebanhos amazônicos. Objetivamos caracterizar, pela primeira vez, perfis de expressão gênica do sistema imune inato na membrana conjuntival de búfalos. Amostras de tecido conjuntival ocular foram coletadas de 60 animais clinicamente saudáveis abatidos no estado do Amapá, norte do Brasil. As amostras foram processadas histologicamente para classificação em três grupos de acordo com o grau quantitativo de tecido linfoide associado à conjuntiva (discreta, G1; leve, G2; e moderada, G3 presença de tecido linfoide). RT-PCR foi utilizado para quantificar a expressão gênica de citocinas inflamatórias (IL6, IL10, TNFA, IFNG), receptor Toll-like 4 (TLR4) e Defensina beta 110 (DEFB110), em relação ao gene GAPDH endógeno. Os animais do G1 apresentaram baixa expressão para IL6, IL10, TNFA e DEFB110, enquanto G2 exibiu alta expressão para IL6, IL10, IFNG e TLR4. Todos os animais do G3 apresentaram alta expressão para todos os genes testados. Esses resultados sugerem maior resistência aos microrganismos patogênicos dos búfalos do grupo G3, e a proporção de tecido linfoide associado à conjuntiva pode estar relacionada à resistência imunológica dos indivíduos.(AU)

Veterinary forensic necropsies: a look through an aspect of forensic traumatology

Forensic veterinary pathology is essential to identify the cause of death of animals with suspicion of abuse, neglect, exogenous intoxication, medical errors, if the lesions were accidental or ante-mortem or in cases where the animal’s identity is needed. It involves several areas that can be used to determine the cause of death in animals, such as traumatology, entomology and toxicology. This work aims to determine the main lesions found in judicial necropsies of animals from the metropolitan region of Belém, qualifying the most prevalent lesions according to the classification in forensic traumatology. The necropsy was performed according to the animal species and using the method of Ghon. The animals were grouping by specie, sex, race and age and it was made a segmentation by vulnerable energy. 33 judicial necropsies (9.06%) were performed between January 2018 and December 2019, including 22 canines (66.7%), seven felines (21.2%), two farm animals (6.1%) and two wild animals (6.1%). Regarding the sex of the animals, in general, 51.51% were males and 45.45% were females. Young dogs and cats represented the highest percentage of cases. Mixed breed dogs were the most prevalent, with 31.8%. In all species, the most prevalent energy was chemical energy, totalling 18 cases. Second, with six cases, mechanical trauma with only canines and felines, in which, only in three were evident the blunt injury. In only one case, the suspicion was of biodynamic energy, with suggestive findings. In conclusion, the forensic necropsy associated with the animal’s history is capable of providing relevant information which assists the pathologist in the search for injuries, its identification and interpretation.

Veterinary forensic necropsies: a look through an aspect of forensic traumatology

Forensic veterinary pathology is essential to identify the cause of death of animals with suspicion of abuse, neglect, exogenous intoxication, medical errors, if the lesions were accidental or ante-mortem or in cases where the animals identity is needed. It involves several areas that can be used to determine the cause of death in animals, such as traumatology, entomology and toxicology. This work aims to determine the main lesions found in judicial necropsies of animals from the metropolitan region of Belém, qualifying the most prevalent lesions according to the classification in forensic traumatology. The necropsy was performed according to the animal species and using the method of Ghon. The animals were grouping by specie, sex, race and age and it was made a segmentation by vulnerable energy. 33 judicial necropsies (9.06%) were performed between January 2018 and December 2019, including 22 canines (66.7%), seven felines (21.2%), two farm animals (6.1%) and two wild animals (6.1%). Regarding the sex of the animals, in general, 51.51% were males and 45.45% were females. Young dogs and cats represented the highest percentage of cases. Mixed breed dogs were the most prevalent, with 31.8%. In all species, the most prevalent energy was chemical energy, totalling 18 cases. Second, with six cases, mechanical trauma with only canines and felines, in which, only in three were evident the blunt injury. In only one case, the suspicion was of biodynamic energy, with suggestive findings. In conclusion, the forensic necropsy associated with the animals history is capable of providing relevant information which assists the pathologist in the search for injuries, its identification and interpretation.(AU)

Endometrite Crônica Atrófica em Canis familiaris (Linnaeus, 1857) Relato de caso / Endometritis Chronic Atrofic in Canis familiaris (Linnaeus,1857) Report of case

Endometritis is an inflammatory process trigged by factor such as use of progestin contraceptives,prolonged progesterone activity, accumulation of uterine gland secretions, bacteria infection of nearby organsand other structures, which may result uterine alterations of high risk to reproduction and the animals life. Thematerial came from a ovariosalpingohisterectomy of a Canis familiares (Linnaeus, 1857), female dog, threeyears old, mixed breed, nulliparous, which was referred to the laboratory that, after macroscopic analysis,standard histopathological procedure and microscopic analysis, it was observed endometrial atrophy,calcification, fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltration and cartilaginous metaplasia, resulting from the chronicinflammatory process.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma ovariano em cadela / Ovarian adenocarcinoma in a bitch

An ovarian adenocarcinoma in a 16-years-old female Poodle is described. The material was sent to theVeterinary Pathology Laboratory at UFRA to macroscopic and microscopic examination using using the routineprocess technique with haematoxylin and eosin. Grossly, in the ovary multiple cysts filled with serous fluid wereobserved in both ovaries. Histologically, papillary growth and neoplastic tissue was noticed. According to thealterations observed, the diagnostic of ovarian adenocarcinoma was confirmed.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma ovariano em cadela / Ovarian adenocarcinoma in a bitch

An ovarian adenocarcinoma in a 16-years-old female Poodle is described. The material was sent to theVeterinary Pathology Laboratory at UFRA to macroscopic and microscopic examination using using the routineprocess technique with haematoxylin and eosin. Grossly, in the ovary multiple cysts filled with serous fluid wereobserved in both ovaries. Histologically, papillary growth and neoplastic tissue was noticed. According to thealterations observed, the diagnostic of ovarian adenocarcinoma was confirmed.

Endometrite Crônica Atrófica em Canis familiaris (Linnaeus, 1857) Relato de caso / Endometritis Chronic Atrofic in Canis familiaris (Linnaeus,1857) Report of case

Endometritis is an inflammatory process trigged by factor such as use of progestin contraceptives,prolonged progesterone activity, accumulation of uterine gland secretions, bacteria infection of nearby organsand other structures, which may result uterine alterations of high risk to reproduction and the animal’s life. Thematerial came from a ovariosalpingohisterectomy of a Canis familiares (Linnaeus, 1857), female dog, threeyears old, mixed breed, nulliparous, which was referred to the laboratory that, after macroscopic analysis,standard histopathological procedure and microscopic analysis, it was observed endometrial atrophy,calcification, fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltration and cartilaginous metaplasia, resulting from the chronicinflammatory process.