Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat.(AU)

Birds of the Pantanal floodplains, Brazil: historical data, diversity, and conservation

Abstract The Pantanal floodplains of Brazil are a region of rich biodiversity. To date, the true richness of the Pantanal avifauna has not been explored satisfactorily caused by a lack of studies in the region and, especially, by the divergence of opinion among the works published by various authors on the many species found in the region. This is due to the lack of criteria in examining records, both with regard to the reliability of the identifications and in the precise geographical allocation. Therefore, in the study, we collage findings from various studies and records created by us in the last few decades from 199 distinct locations to produce a list of birds in the Pantanal floodplains. We grouped the results into three lists: primary, secondary, and tertiary. We found that the avifauna of the Pantanal floodplain is composed of a total of 617 species, of which 571 (92%) have supporting records of occurrence (primary list) and 46 still lack documentation (secondary list). The number of species listed here for the Pantanal floodplain represents 32% of all avifauna known to the Brazilian territory. This reflects the importance of the biome, as part of the national territory, for the maintenance of a meaningful avifaunistic richness. Migratory birds (n = 183), notably northern ones (n = 43), are among the main players involved in ecological processes of nutrient cycling and dispersion of important pathogens between the two continents. With regard to conservation, 25 species are included in some category of threat in the lists of threatened species with global extinction. We hope that our list will help future researchers a more definitive approach when researching the avian fauna in this bountiful region.

Birds of the Pantanal floodplains, Brazil: historical data, diversity, and conservation

Abstract The Pantanal floodplains of Brazil are a region of rich biodiversity. To date, the true richness of the Pantanal avifauna has not been explored satisfactorily caused by a lack of studies in the region and, especially, by the divergence of opinion among the works published by various authors on the many species found in the region. This is due to the lack of criteria in examining records, both with regard to the reliability of the identifications and in the precise geographical allocation. Therefore, in the study, we collage findings from various studies and records created by us in the last few decades from 199 distinct locations to produce a list of birds in the Pantanal floodplains. We grouped the results into three lists: primary, secondary, and tertiary. We found that the avifauna of the Pantanal floodplain is composed of a total of 617 species, of which 571 (92%) have supporting records of occurrence (primary list) and 46 still lack documentation (secondary list). The number of species listed here for the Pantanal floodplain represents 32% of all avifauna known to the Brazilian territory. This reflects the importance of the biome, as part of the national territory, for the maintenance of a meaningful avifaunistic richness. Migratory birds (n = 183), notably northern ones (n = 43), are among the main players involved in ecological processes of nutrient cycling and dispersion of important pathogens between the two continents. With regard to conservation, 25 species are included in some category of threat in the lists of threatened species with global extinction. We hope that our list will help future researchers a more definitive approach when researching the avian fauna in this bountiful region.

Birds of the Pantanal floodplains, Brazil: historical data, diversity, and conservation

The Pantanal floodplains of Brazil are a region of rich biodiversity. To date, the true richness of the Pantanal avifauna has not been explored satisfactorily caused by a lack of studies in the region and, especially, by the divergence of opinion among the works published by various authors on the many species found in the region. This is due to the lack of criteria in examining records, both with regard to the reliability of the identifications and in the precise geographical allocation. Therefore, in the study, we collage findings from various studies and records created by us in the last few decades from 199 distinct locations to produce a list of birds in the Pantanal floodplains. We grouped the results into three lists: primary, secondary, and tertiary. We found that the avifauna of the Pantanal floodplain is composed of a total of 617 species, of which 571 (92%) have supporting records of occurrence (primary list) and 46 still lack documentation (secondary list). The number of species listed here for the Pantanal floodplain represents 32% of all avifauna known to the Brazilian territory. This reflects the importance of the biome, as part of the national territory, for the maintenance of a meaningful avifaunistic richness. Migratory birds (n = 183), notably northern ones (n = 43), are among the main players involved in ecological processes of nutrient cycling and dispersion of important pathogens between the two continents. With regard to conservation, 25 species are included in some category of threat in the lists of threatened species with global extinction. We hope that our list will help future researchers a more definitive approach when researching the avian fauna in this bountiful region.(AU)

Checklist das aves do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Checklist of the birds of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Contrasting with several other Brazilian states, just recently the state of Mato Grosso do Sul started to organize an inventory of its birdlife. We list 630 species of birds for the Mato Grosso do Sul, belonging to 26 orders and 74 families, representing 34% of birds occurring in Brazil. About 90% of these species have documented records of its occurrence in the state (Main List), according to proposed by CBRO. The others species still wait for adequate supporting documentation (Secondary List). Forty five species were excluded for the Main List and included in Tertiary List due to problems in supporting documentation and/or incompatible distribution. The variety of landscapes and vegetation types under the influence of the biomes Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic forest, Chaco and Bosque Chiquitano is partly responsible for the high species diversity in Mato Grosso do Sul. However, several of these landscapes have been suppressed and/or severely altered by pastures, agriculture (mostly monocultures of sugar cane and soybeans) and agroforestry ( Pinus and Eucalyptus). Thirty-seven species of birds occurring in the state were present on red lists at the global and/or national level. There are still large gaps in knowledge about the avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul, mainly in the region of Paiaguás in the Pantanal wetlands and in neighboring regions with the state of Goiás, Paraguay (Chaco) and Bolivia ( Bosque Chiquitano). Institutions such as Embrapa Pantanal and the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as the research of environmental consultants and birdwatchers, were relevant in the advancement of ornithological knowledge in the state. Much of the institutional museums harbor specimens collected in Mato Grosso do Sul, which highlights are the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, USA), the American Museum of Natural History (New York), the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) and the National Museum of Natural History (Washington). [...](AU)

Em contraste com vários outros estados brasileiros, apenas recentemente o Mato Grosso do Sul iniciou o inventário organizado de sua avifauna. Relacionamos 630 espécies de aves para o Mato Grosso do Sul, pertencentes a 26 ordens e 74 famílias, que corresponde a 34% da avifauna ocorrente no Brasil. Cerca de 90% dessas espécies apresentam registros comprobatórios de ocorrência no estado conforme as normas propostas pelo CBRO. As demais ainda aguardam documentação comprobatória adequada. Quarenta e cinco espécies foram incluídas na lista terciária por apresentarem problemas de documentação comprobatória devido à ausência de circunstanciação e distribuição incompatível. A grande diversidade de fitofisionomias e paisagens sob influência dos biomas Cerrado, Pantanal, Chaco, Bosques Chiquitanos e Mata Atlântica são responsáveis em parte, pela diversidade de espécies ocorrentes no Mato Grosso do Sul. No entanto, várias dessas fitofisionomias e paisagens já foram suprimidas e/ou alteradas pela pecuária e principalmente monoculturas ( Pinus, Eucalyptus e cana-de-açúcar). Trinta e sete espécies de aves ocorrentes no estado encontram-se presentes em listas de espécies ameaçadas de extinção em âmbito global e/ou nacional. Ainda existem grandes lacunas de conhecimento sobre a avifauna sul-matogrossense, notadamente no Pantanal do Paiaguás e em regiões limítrofes com o estado de Goiás e países como Paraguai (Chaco) e a Bolívia (Bosques Chiquitanos). Instituições como Embrapa Pantanal e Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, bem como o trabalho de consultores ambientais e observadores de aves foram relevantes no avanço do conhecimento sobre a avifauna no estado.[...](AU)

Checklist das aves do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

ABSTRACT Contrasting with several other Brazilian states, just recently the state of Mato Grosso do Sul started to organize an inventory of its birdlife. We list 630 species of birds for the Mato Grosso do Sul, belonging to 26 orders and 74 families, representing 34% of birds occurring in Brazil. About 90% of these species have documented records of its occurrence in the state (Main List), according to proposed by CBRO. The others species still wait for adequate supporting documentation (Secondary List). Forty five species were excluded for the Main List and included in Tertiary List due to problems in supporting documentation and/or incompatible distribution. The variety of landscapes and vegetation types under the influence of the biomes Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic forest, Chaco and Bosque Chiquitano is partly responsible for the high species diversity in Mato Grosso do Sul. However, several of these landscapes have been suppressed and/or severely altered by pastures, agriculture (mostly monocultures of sugar cane and soybeans) and agroforestry ( Pinus and Eucalyptus). Thirty-seven species of birds occurring in the state were present on red lists at the global and/or national level. There are still large gaps in knowledge about the avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul, mainly in the region of Paiaguás in the Pantanal wetlands and in neighboring regions with the state of Goiás, Paraguay (Chaco) and Bolivia ( Bosque Chiquitano). Institutions such as Embrapa Pantanal and the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as the research of environmental consultants and birdwatchers, were relevant in the advancement of ornithological knowledge in the state. Much of the institutional museums harbor specimens collected in Mato Grosso do Sul, which highlights are the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, USA), the American Museum of Natural History (New York), the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) and the National Museum of Natural History (Washington). In Brazil the main ornithological collections that keep material from Mato Grosso do Sul are the Museu de Zoologia (USP, São Paulo), the Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) and the collection of Departmento de Zoologia at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (DZUFMG, Minas Gerais).

RESUMO Em contraste com vários outros estados brasileiros, apenas recentemente o Mato Grosso do Sul iniciou o inventário organizado de sua avifauna. Relacionamos 630 espécies de aves para o Mato Grosso do Sul, pertencentes a 26 ordens e 74 famílias, que corresponde a 34% da avifauna ocorrente no Brasil. Cerca de 90% dessas espécies apresentam registros comprobatórios de ocorrência no estado conforme as normas propostas pelo CBRO. As demais ainda aguardam documentação comprobatória adequada. Quarenta e cinco espécies foram incluídas na lista terciária por apresentarem problemas de documentação comprobatória devido à ausência de circunstanciação e distribuição incompatível. A grande diversidade de fitofisionomias e paisagens sob influência dos biomas Cerrado, Pantanal, Chaco, Bosques Chiquitanos e Mata Atlântica são responsáveis em parte, pela diversidade de espécies ocorrentes no Mato Grosso do Sul. No entanto, várias dessas fitofisionomias e paisagens já foram suprimidas e/ou alteradas pela pecuária e principalmente monoculturas ( Pinus, Eucalyptus e cana-de-açúcar). Trinta e sete espécies de aves ocorrentes no estado encontram-se presentes em listas de espécies ameaçadas de extinção em âmbito global e/ou nacional. Ainda existem grandes lacunas de conhecimento sobre a avifauna sul-matogrossense, notadamente no Pantanal do Paiaguás e em regiões limítrofes com o estado de Goiás e países como Paraguai (Chaco) e a Bolívia (Bosques Chiquitanos). Instituições como Embrapa Pantanal e Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, bem como o trabalho de consultores ambientais e observadores de aves foram relevantes no avanço do conhecimento sobre a avifauna no estado. Grande parte dos museus institucionais no exterior abriga exemplares coletados no Mato Grosso do Sul, dentre os quais se destacam o Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, EUA), o American Museum of Natural History (Nova York, EUA), o The Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, EUA) e o National Museum of Natural History (Washington, DC, EUA). No Brasil as principais coleções que guardam material ornitológico sul-matogrossense são o Museu de Zoologia (USP, São Paulo), o Museu Nacional (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro) e o Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (DZUFMG, Minas Gerais).

Checklist das aves do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Checklist of the birds of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Contrasting with several other Brazilian states, just recently the state of Mato Grosso do Sul started to organize an inventory of its birdlife. We list 630 species of birds for the Mato Grosso do Sul, belonging to 26 orders and 74 families, representing 34% of birds occurring in Brazil. About 90% of these species have documented records of its occurrence in the state (Main List), according to proposed by CBRO. The others species still wait for adequate supporting documentation (Secondary List). Forty five species were excluded for the Main List and included in Tertiary List due to problems in supporting documentation and/or incompatible distribution. The variety of landscapes and vegetation types under the influence of the biomes Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic forest, Chaco and Bosque Chiquitano is partly responsible for the high species diversity in Mato Grosso do Sul. However, several of these landscapes have been suppressed and/or severely altered by pastures, agriculture (mostly monocultures of sugar cane and soybeans) and agroforestry ( Pinus and Eucalyptus). Thirty-seven species of birds occurring in the state were present on red lists at the global and/or national level. There are still large gaps in knowledge about the avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul, mainly in the region of Paiaguás in the Pantanal wetlands and in neighboring regions with the state of Goiás, Paraguay (Chaco) and Bolivia ( Bosque Chiquitano). Institutions such as Embrapa Pantanal and the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as the research of environmental consultants and birdwatchers, were relevant in the advancement of ornithological knowledge in the state. Much of the institutional museums harbor specimens collected in Mato Grosso do Sul, which highlights are the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, USA), the American Museum of Natural History (New York), the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) and the National Museum of Natural History (Washington). [...]

Em contraste com vários outros estados brasileiros, apenas recentemente o Mato Grosso do Sul iniciou o inventário organizado de sua avifauna. Relacionamos 630 espécies de aves para o Mato Grosso do Sul, pertencentes a 26 ordens e 74 famílias, que corresponde a 34% da avifauna ocorrente no Brasil. Cerca de 90% dessas espécies apresentam registros comprobatórios de ocorrência no estado conforme as normas propostas pelo CBRO. As demais ainda aguardam documentação comprobatória adequada. Quarenta e cinco espécies foram incluídas na lista terciária por apresentarem problemas de documentação comprobatória devido à ausência de circunstanciação e distribuição incompatível. A grande diversidade de fitofisionomias e paisagens sob influência dos biomas Cerrado, Pantanal, Chaco, Bosques Chiquitanos e Mata Atlântica são responsáveis em parte, pela diversidade de espécies ocorrentes no Mato Grosso do Sul. No entanto, várias dessas fitofisionomias e paisagens já foram suprimidas e/ou alteradas pela pecuária e principalmente monoculturas ( Pinus, Eucalyptus e cana-de-açúcar). Trinta e sete espécies de aves ocorrentes no estado encontram-se presentes em listas de espécies ameaçadas de extinção em âmbito global e/ou nacional. Ainda existem grandes lacunas de conhecimento sobre a avifauna sul-matogrossense, notadamente no Pantanal do Paiaguás e em regiões limítrofes com o estado de Goiás e países como Paraguai (Chaco) e a Bolívia (Bosques Chiquitanos). Instituições como Embrapa Pantanal e Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, bem como o trabalho de consultores ambientais e observadores de aves foram relevantes no avanço do conhecimento sobre a avifauna no estado.[...]

Taxonomy and biogeography of Stephanoxis Simon, 1897 (Aves: Trochilidae)

After the description in the 19th century of two hummingbird species currently allocated to the genus Stephanoxis, Peters (1945) merged both taxa into a single species without providing any rationale. Here we re-evaluate the taxonomy and species limits of the representatives of this genus based on an extensive number of specimens. We demonstrate these taxa are better treated as full species under both the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts due to their well-defined range and plumage patterns and reciprocally diagnosability. They have distinct, allopatric distributions segregated by a 160 km gap between the Serra do Mar, to the east, and Serra de Paranapiacaba, to the west, in the state of São Paulo. Stephanoxis species have ranges which are congruent with other montane bird species’ suggesting shared vicariance events during preterit interglacial periods.

Taxonomy and biogeography of Stephanoxis Simon, 1897 (Aves: Trochilidae)

After the description in the 19th century of two hummingbird species currently allocated to the genus Stephanoxis, Peters (1945) merged both taxa into a single species without providing any rationale. Here we re-evaluate the taxonomy and species limits of the representatives of this genus based on an extensive number of specimens. We demonstrate these taxa are better treated as full species under both the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts due to their well-defined range and plumage patterns and reciprocally diagnosability. They have distinct, allopatric distributions segregated by a 160 km gap between the Serra do Mar, to the east, and Serra de Paranapiacaba, to the west, in the state of São Paulo. Stephanoxis species have ranges which are congruent with other montane bird species suggesting shared vicariance events during preterit interglacial periods.(AU)