Effect of acupuncture on intraocular pressure and tear production in healthy horses / Efeito da acupuntura sobre a pressão intraocular e a produção lacrimal em equinos hígidos

Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese form of therapy that involves needle stimulation of specific points on the body for therapeutic and homeostatic effects. In ophthalmology, acupuncture helps as a conventional or adjuvant therapy for numerous eye disorders, including myopia, strabismus, dry eye, and cataracts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on tear production (TP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses. Ten healthy horses, females and males with ages varying between eight months and nine years, were used. Schirmer’s I test and applanation tonometry were used to evaluate the basal TP and IOP of both eyes. The measurements were taken immediately before (T10) the insertion of the needles and 5 (T5), 15 (T15), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes and 24 (T24) hours after a 20-minute acupuncture session. Mean values of both eyes were analyzed over time. TP increased in 50% of the animals at T5, T15 and T24, in 30% at T30, and in 40% at T60, with an increase of up to 8.5 mm/min at T15 and T60. In addition, there was a significant difference between T24 and T30, with a 14.1% increase in TP at T24. Meanwhile, IOP decreased in 50% of the animals at T5 and T30, in 20% at T15, in 60% at T60, and in 70% at T24. Thus, we suggest that acupuncture is a technique that can benefit horses with diseases that alter these parameters, either alone or as an adjunct in conventional therapeutic protocols.

A acupuntura é uma terapia milenar de origem chinesa que funciona através da estimulação de pontos específicos do corpo com agulhas, visando efeitos terapêuticos e homeostáticos. Na área de oftalmologia a acupuntura tem auxiliado como terapia convencional ou adjuvante de inúmeras afecções oculares, incluindo miopia, estrabismo, olho seco, catarata, entre outras. Esse estudo teve como propósito avaliar o efeito da acupuntura no comportamento da produção lacrimal e da pressão intraocular em equinos. Utilizou-se 10 equinos hígidos, fêmeas e machos, com idades variando entre oito meses e nove anos. O teste lacrimal de Schirmer tipo I e da tonometria de aplanação foram utilizados para avaliar a produção basal de lágrima (PL) e a pressão intraocular (PIO) de ambos os olhos. As aferições foram realizadas imediatamente antes da inserção das agulhas (T0) e cinco (T5), 15 (T15), 30 (T30) e 60 (T60) minutos e 24 (T24) horas após sessão de acupuntura de 20 minutos. Os valores obtidos foram analisados quanto ao seu comportamento ao longo do tempo, utilizando-se a média dos dois olhos de cada animal. A PL aumentou em 50% dos animais em T5, T15 e T24, 30% dos animais em T30 e 40% dos animais em T60, com aumento de até 8,5 mm/min em T15 e T60. Além disso, observou-se diferença significativa entre o T24 e o T30 (p = 0,0128), com aumento de 14,1% na PL no T24. Com relação à PIO, notou-se que 50% dos animais sofreram redução na pressão em T5 e T30, 20% dos animais redução em T15, 60% dos animais em T60 e 70% dos animais apresentaram redução em T24. A estimulação dos acupontos relacionados ao sistema visual foi capaz de aumentar a produção lacrimal e diminuir a pressão intraocular em equinos sadios. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que a acupuntura é uma técnica que poderá trazer benefícios a cavalos portadores de doenças que cursam com a alteração desses parâmetros, tanto quando empregada isoladamente, como quando adjuvante a protocolos terapêuticos convencionais.

Effect of acupuncture on intraocular pressure and tear production in healthy horses / Efeito da acupuntura sobre a pressão intraocular e a produção lacrimal em equinos hígidos

Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese form of therapy that involves needle stimulation of specific points on the body for therapeutic and homeostatic effects. In ophthalmology, acupuncture helps as a conventional or adjuvant therapy for numerous eye disorders, including myopia, strabismus, dry eye, and cataracts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on tear production (TP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses. Ten healthy horses, females and males with ages varying between eight months and nine years, were used. Schirmers I test and applanation tonometry were used to evaluate the basal TP and IOP of both eyes. The measurements were taken immediately before (T10) the insertion of the needles and 5 (T5), 15 (T15), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes and 24 (T24) hours after a 20-minute acupuncture session. Mean values of both eyes were analyzed over time. TP increased in 50% of the animals at T5, T15 and T24, in 30% at T30, and in 40% at T60, with an increase of up to 8.5 mm/min at T15 and T60. In addition, there was a significant difference between T24 and T30, with a 14.1% increase in TP at T24. Meanwhile, IOP decreased in 50% of the animals at T5 and T30, in 20% at T15, in 60% at T60, and in 70% at T24. Thus, we suggest that acupuncture is a technique that can benefit horses with diseases that alter these parameters, either alone or as an adjunct in conventional therapeutic protocols.(AU)

A acupuntura é uma terapia milenar de origem chinesa que funciona através da estimulação de pontos específicos do corpo com agulhas, visando efeitos terapêuticos e homeostáticos. Na área de oftalmologia a acupuntura tem auxiliado como terapia convencional ou adjuvante de inúmeras afecções oculares, incluindo miopia, estrabismo, olho seco, catarata, entre outras. Esse estudo teve como propósito avaliar o efeito da acupuntura no comportamento da produção lacrimal e da pressão intraocular em equinos. Utilizou-se 10 equinos hígidos, fêmeas e machos, com idades variando entre oito meses e nove anos. O teste lacrimal de Schirmer tipo I e da tonometria de aplanação foram utilizados para avaliar a produção basal de lágrima (PL) e a pressão intraocular (PIO) de ambos os olhos. As aferições foram realizadas imediatamente antes da inserção das agulhas (T0) e cinco (T5), 15 (T15), 30 (T30) e 60 (T60) minutos e 24 (T24) horas após sessão de acupuntura de 20 minutos. Os valores obtidos foram analisados quanto ao seu comportamento ao longo do tempo, utilizando-se a média dos dois olhos de cada animal. A PL aumentou em 50% dos animais em T5, T15 e T24, 30% dos animais em T30 e 40% dos animais em T60, com aumento de até 8,5 mm/min em T15 e T60. Além disso, observou-se diferença significativa entre o T24 e o T30 (p = 0,0128), com aumento de 14,1% na PL no T24. Com relação à PIO, notou-se que 50% dos animais sofreram redução na pressão em T5 e T30, 20% dos animais redução em T15, 60% dos animais em T60 e 70% dos animais apresentaram redução em T24. A estimulação dos acupontos relacionados ao sistema visual foi capaz de aumentar a produção lacrimal e diminuir a pressão intraocular em equinos sadios. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que a acupuntura é uma técnica que poderá trazer benefícios a cavalos portadores de doenças que cursam com a alteração desses parâmetros, tanto quando empregada isoladamente, como quando adjuvante a protocolos terapêuticos convencionais.(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas multicêntrico com envolvimento de anexos oculares em um cão / Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma with the involvement of the ocular annexes in a dog

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...

Carcinoma de células escamosas multicêntrico com envolvimento de anexos oculares em um cão / Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma with the involvement of the ocular annexes in a dog

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...(AU)

Behavioral assessment of shelter dogs submitted to different methods of environmental enrichment / Avaliação comportamental de cães de abrigo submetidos a diferentes métodos de enriquecimento ambiental

Environmental enrichment is a dynamic process consisting of a set of activities designed to meet the ethological and psychological needs of animals. It stimulates the natural behavior of each animal species improving the well-being of the individual and avoiding the development of stereotyped behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the potential benefits that four different types of environmental enrichment would bring to the quality of life of shelter dogs. Twenty dogs were observed for 6 hours daily for 5 consecutive days in the first week in order to assess and document their behavior patterns in an experimental kennel. Between the second to the fourth week, 3 forms of game and 1 type of food enrichment were used in the first 4 days of each week. On the fifth day of each week, behavioral patterns were recorded and later compiled and analyzed according to the Tukey test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in behaviors associated with lying down, standing up, and licking. Based on our findings, we concluded that the use of environmental enrichment methods through different types of games and toys in shelters decreased signs of depression and stereotyped behavior of kennelled dogs. Results of the present study showed that these tools may help improve life quality of these animals.(AU)

O enriquecimento ambiental é um processo dinâmico que consiste em um conjunto de atividades com a finalidade de atender às necessidades etológicas e psicológicas dos animais, estimulando os comportamentos naturais de cada espécie, melhorando o bem estar e evitando comportamentos estereotipados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar o benefício que quatro diferentes formas de enriquecimento ambiental trariam para melhorar a qualidade de vida de cães de abrigo. Vinte cães foram observados durante 6 horas diárias por cinco dias consecutivos na primeira semana, com a finalidade de se obter o padrão de comportamento no ambiente estéril do abrigo. Da segunda à quarta semana foram aplicadas três formas de brincadeiras e uma forma de enriquecimento alimentar nos primeiros quatro dias de cada semana. No quinto dia de cada semana os padrões de comportamento foram registrados e, posteriormente, compilados e analisados pelo teste de Tukey. A análise estatística demonstrou diferença significativa nos comportamentos de deitar, de ficar em pé e de lamber-se. Conclui-se que a aplicação do enriquecimento ambiental, por meio de diferentes formas de brincadeiras, empregado em abrigo para cães, diminuiu os sinais de depressão e os comportamentos estereotipados, demonstrando ser uma ótima ferramenta para aumentar a qualidade de vida destes animais.(AU)

Uso de resina acrílica no preenchimento de cavidade orbital após exenteração em um cão com hemangiossarcoma conjuntival / Use of acrylic resin to fill the orbital cavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival hemangiosarcoma

Background: The hemangiossarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originated from the alterations of vascular endothelialcells. As it has an aggressive behavior, it is indicated, as initial treatment, wide surgical excision, such as the exenteration, which results in the surgical removal of the ocular bulb and adjacent tissues. The referred technique has as a resulta concave orbit and aesthetically unacceptable. Therefore, various materials, used as orbital implants, have been studiedand used in several species. Thus, it was aimed to report the use of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to fill the orbitalcavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival HSA.Case: A 10-year-old male Pitbull dog was assisted, with a clinical history of growth of a reddish tissue in the left eye, causingconstant hemorrhage, with an evolution of two months. At ophthalmic examination of the left eye, in the temporal bulbar conjunctive was found a reddish neoformation, with an irregular surface, measuring approximately 4 x 2 x 2 cm. The biopsy andaspiration cytology of the neoformation, revealed cells that inferred that they were those of conjunctival HSA. The hemogramrevealed normocytic anemia; the biochemical profile was with the standards of normality and no metastasis were found in theultrasonography and X-ray. The treatment of choice was the exenteration. Initially, the palpebral borders were approximatedusing continuous simple suture wit monofilament nylon thread. An incision was made in the skin, along the orbital rim andthen was performed a rhombus dissection of the conjunctive and all the extraocular muscles. Next, the eye globe, together withthe neoplasia, soft tissues of the orbital cavity and third eyelid were removed. The PMMA was obtained from a mixture of thepowder (polymer) and of the liquid (monomer) in the ratio of 1:1 in a sterile recipient, in...

Uso de resina acrílica no preenchimento de cavidade orbital após exenteração em um cão com hemangiossarcoma conjuntival / Use of acrylic resin to fill the orbital cavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival hemangiosarcoma

Background: The hemangiossarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originated from the alterations of vascular endothelialcells. As it has an aggressive behavior, it is indicated, as initial treatment, wide surgical excision, such as the exenteration, which results in the surgical removal of the ocular bulb and adjacent tissues. The referred technique has as a resulta concave orbit and aesthetically unacceptable. Therefore, various materials, used as orbital implants, have been studiedand used in several species. Thus, it was aimed to report the use of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to fill the orbitalcavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival HSA.Case: A 10-year-old male Pitbull dog was assisted, with a clinical history of growth of a reddish tissue in the left eye, causingconstant hemorrhage, with an evolution of two months. At ophthalmic examination of the left eye, in the temporal bulbar conjunctive was found a reddish neoformation, with an irregular surface, measuring approximately 4 x 2 x 2 cm. The biopsy andaspiration cytology of the neoformation, revealed cells that inferred that they were those of conjunctival HSA. The hemogramrevealed normocytic anemia; the biochemical profile was with the standards of normality and no metastasis were found in theultrasonography and X-ray. The treatment of choice was the exenteration. Initially, the palpebral borders were approximatedusing continuous simple suture wit monofilament nylon thread. An incision was made in the skin, along the orbital rim andthen was performed a rhombus dissection of the conjunctive and all the extraocular muscles. Next, the eye globe, together withthe neoplasia, soft tissues of the orbital cavity and third eyelid were removed. The PMMA was obtained from a mixture of thepowder (polymer) and of the liquid (monomer) in the ratio of 1:1 in a sterile recipient, in...(AU)

Chondrolipoma in the ear of a dog / Condrolipoma na orelha de um cão

Background: Lipoma is defined as a tumor composed of mature adipocytes, identical to the cells that form normal adult fat. Other elements may also be present, such as cartilaginous tissue. Chondrolipoma is characterized by the presence of differentiated cartilage islands spread within a typical lipoma, in which mucin and collagen can be observed around isles of chondrocytes. This condition affects mainly middle-aged or elderly dogs as well as elderly humans. In the scientific literature, chondrolipomas have not yet been described on the ear of dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to report a case of chondrolipoma on the ear of a dog and its histopathological and histochemical description. Case: A female, 10-year-old, Labrador retriever dog was admitted to the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil. The dog was presented with an ulcerated pendulous nodule on the ear, with a clinical evolution of approximately 7 months. A biopsy sample was taken and submitted to the Veterinary Histopathology Laboratory of the UFPB. Macroscopic evaluation revealed a pendulous and firm nodule, with a round apex, measuring 1.3cm in diameter. The epidermis covering the nodule exhibited an ulcer of 0.5cm in length. The nodule exhibited resistance to cutting and the surface was dark red with hard areas in the center. Sample was fixed in 10% formalin and routinely [...]

Chondrolipoma in the ear of a dog / Condrolipoma na orelha de um cão

Background: Lipoma is defined as a tumor composed of mature adipocytes, identical to the cells that form normal adult fat. Other elements may also be present, such as cartilaginous tissue. Chondrolipoma is characterized by the presence of differentiated cartilage islands spread within a typical lipoma, in which mucin and collagen can be observed around isles of chondrocytes. This condition affects mainly middle-aged or elderly dogs as well as elderly humans. In the scientific literature, chondrolipomas have not yet been described on the ear of dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to report a case of chondrolipoma on the ear of a dog and its histopathological and histochemical description. Case: A female, 10-year-old, Labrador retriever dog was admitted to the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil. The dog was presented with an ulcerated pendulous nodule on the ear, with a clinical evolution of approximately 7 months. A biopsy sample was taken and submitted to the Veterinary Histopathology Laboratory of the UFPB. Macroscopic evaluation revealed a pendulous and firm nodule, with a round apex, measuring 1.3cm in diameter. The epidermis covering the nodule exhibited an ulcer of 0.5cm in length. The nodule exhibited resistance to cutting and the surface was dark red with hard areas in the center. Sample was fixed in 10% formalin and routinely [...](AU)

Neoformação tecidual induzida por biomembrana de látex natural com polilisina, utilizada como enxerto em esclerectomias lamear e penetrante em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus, LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Estudo dos efeitos de uma solução tópica a 5% de glicosaminoglicanos monossulfatados e duasorb na cicatrização de úlceras corneanas produzidas por álcali em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus; Linnaeus, 1758)

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