Resumo
Blood transfusion is a tool capable of saving lives. Patients undergoing blood transfusion usually present several alterations in the acid-base and electrolyte balance, aggravating the condition of critically ill patients. Some studies have demonstrated haematological alterations in certain species that received whole blood transfusions, however, few studies have evaluated acid base and electrolyte changes in dogs undergoing whole blood haemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, hematological, blood gas and electrolyte changes in anemic dogs after whole blood transfusion. Twenty nine dogs transfused due to anemia were enrolled in the study. Donors blood was collected in a transfusion bag containing citrate phosphate adenine dextrose and stored up to 24 h. Blood collections and evaluations were made before and 24 h after the transfusion. Data distribution normality was tested by the Shapiro Wilk Test. The means of the variables were compared by paired t-test. It was observed an increase in diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05). There was a not significant increase in systolic blood pressure, temperature, and a reduction in respiratory rate per minute. Erythrocyte, haemoglobin and haematocrit averages were significantly increased after blood transfusion (P < 0.05). It was observed a reduction in the mean values of pH (P < 0.05), potassium (P > 0.05) and ionized calcium (P > 0.05) and an increase in the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) (P < 0.001), bicarbonate (P > 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.05). The probable cause of anemia was monocytic ehrlichiosis (14/29), visceral leishmaniasis (1/29), babesiosis (1/29), co-infection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum (2/29), co-infection of E. canis and Babesia vogeli (1/29). It was not possible to determine the etiology of the anemia in ten dogs. Heart rate significantly reduced after transfusion, probably because of the increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values. It may be justified by the displacement of extravascular fluid to the intravascular space. Mean values of systolic blood pressure were slightly elevated before transfusion and remained elevated afterwards, while diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased significantly after transfusion. These changes may be due to the morbid condition and may be influenced by many other factors. Haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte values increased significantly after transfusion, according to what was observed in other studies. The significant reduction in pH and increase in pCO2 reflects the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis to increase ventilation, leading to pCO2 reduction and changes in pH. The reduction in pH due to the contact of the collected blood with conservative solutions is one of the main changes thar occurs during blood storage. It was described significantly lower pH in dogs' whole blood samples stored for more than 24 h in vacutainer plastic containing CPDA-1. We may assume there was no intense pH reduction in the present study because the bags were stored for up to 24 h. Although not statistically significant, the increase of pO2 mean reflects the improvement of tissue oxygen perfusion. It was observed a significant increase in sodium ions. The mean sodium ion concentration before transfusion was very close to the maximum reference value. Hyperkalaemia was not observed, nor was there significant reduction of potassium ions after transfusion. Several studies report hyperkalaemia and transfusion-associated cardiac arrests in humans, associated with infusion of large volumes of blood. Whole blood transfusion increased erythrogram values and did not negatively affect the electrolyte or acid-base status, representing a safe and useful tool in the intensive care of small animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Transfusão de Sangue/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Reação Transfusional/veterinária , Anemia/veterinária , Gasometria/veterinária , CãesResumo
Background: Congenital uterine malformations are rarely identified in domestic and human animals and are related to problems during the embryonic formation of the paramesonephric ducts. Cases of agenesis and segmental aplasia or unicorn uterus have been described in bitches, but there are no reports of total uterine aplasia in this specie. The report of a case of total uterine aplasia and segmental atrophy of the cranial vagina, accidentally diagnosed is reported herein.Case: An adult female bitch without defined breed in bad general condition was attended in the emergency service in a Veterinary Hospital. During anamnesis the information was restricted because it was an errant animal rescued for the consultation, but accompanied for at least 12 months in the environment in which it lived. Data related to the estrous cycle were unknown, but no gestation was observed in the last year. Investigations detected anemia and intense thrombocytopenia, azotemia and increased alanine aminotransferase. Two days later, with no progression, images suggestive of hemometra/ mucometra were observed during abdominal ultrasonography, and the patient underwent emergency ovariohysterectomy despite the general poor condition. Before the procedure the uterus was not routinely identified, but a fibromuscular, nontubular and thin structure occupied the region corresponding to the horns and uterine body, thickening in the cervix region. Death four days after surgery and sent to necropsy. During necropsy it was observed that the vulva and the vestibule of the vagina did not present macroscopic alterations, however there was a marked digitiform narrowing of the cranial region of the vagina, which ended in blind bottom. The mucosa in this narrowing was smooth, without folds. The microscopic structure of the ovaries, uterine tubes and caudal vagina were preserved.[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Anormalidades Urogenitais/cirurgia , Anormalidades Urogenitais/veterinária , Ductos Paramesonéfricos , Vagina/anatomia & histologia , Vagina/anormalidades , Útero/anormalidadesResumo
Background: Congenital uterine malformations are rarely identified in domestic and human animals and are related to problems during the embryonic formation of the paramesonephric ducts. Cases of agenesis and segmental aplasia or unicorn uterus have been described in bitches, but there are no reports of total uterine aplasia in this specie. The report of a case of total uterine aplasia and segmental atrophy of the cranial vagina, accidentally diagnosed is reported herein.Case: An adult female bitch without defined breed in bad general condition was attended in the emergency service in a Veterinary Hospital. During anamnesis the information was restricted because it was an errant animal rescued for the consultation, but accompanied for at least 12 months in the environment in which it lived. Data related to the estrous cycle were unknown, but no gestation was observed in the last year. Investigations detected anemia and intense thrombocytopenia, azotemia and increased alanine aminotransferase. Two days later, with no progression, images suggestive of hemometra/ mucometra were observed during abdominal ultrasonography, and the patient underwent emergency ovariohysterectomy despite the general poor condition. Before the procedure the uterus was not routinely identified, but a fibromuscular, nontubular and thin structure occupied the region corresponding to the horns and uterine body, thickening in the cervix region. Death four days after surgery and sent to necropsy. During necropsy it was observed that the vulva and the vestibule of the vagina did not present macroscopic alterations, however there was a marked digitiform narrowing of the cranial region of the vagina, which ended in blind bottom. The mucosa in this narrowing was smooth, without folds. The microscopic structure of the ovaries, uterine tubes and caudal vagina were preserved.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Ductos Paramesonéfricos , Vagina/anormalidades , Vagina/anatomia & histologia , Anormalidades Urogenitais/cirurgia , Anormalidades Urogenitais/veterinária , Útero/anormalidadesResumo
The transfusion of blood components is common in a veterinary clinic; however, the safety of this therapeutic measure cannot always be guaranteed. Studies show a high risk of haemoparasite transmission during blood transfusion in canines. These parasites include Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis, which are endemic to the city of Cuiabá. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys, and E. canis in canine blood donor candidates, and identify possible factors associated with the infection of these agents. Sixty-six canines were evaluated using serologic and molecular tests, for the presence of the Leishmania species. While one canine sample showed a positive result for L. chagasi with indirect fluorescent antibody test, with titer of 1:40, and seven canine samples were positive using DPP, all other samples were negative when using PCR and ELISA. All canines were negative for T. cruzi when using PCR. The B. (c.) vogeli infection was identified in one canine and A. platys was identified in six canines. E. canis was identified in 17 canines, with a prevalence of 25.7%. There were no significant factors associated with the infection of the pathogens investigated. Given the observation of infection, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, emphasis must be placed on the need for the use of more sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for the screening of donor canines.(AU)
Administração de hemocomponentes é uma prática de rotina na clínica veterinária, entretanto, a segurança nessa medida terapêutica nem sempre é garantida. Estudos mostram risco elevado na transmissão de hemoparasitos pela transfusão sanguínea em cães. Dentre estes, Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys e Ehrlichia canis são endêmicas no município de Cuiabá. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys e E. canis em cães candidatos a doadores de sangue e identificar os possíveis fatores associados à infecção pelos referidos agentes. Dos 66 cães avaliados por exames sorológicos e moleculares para Leishmania sp, um cão reagiu na IFI na titulação 1:40 para L. chagasi., sete no DPP, e todos negativos na PCR e ELISA. Todos os cães foram negativos na PCR para T. cruzi. Foi identificada infecção por Babesia (c.) vogeli em apenas um cão e seis para A. platys. E. canis foi diagnosticado em 17 cães, com ocorrência de 25,7%. Não foram observados fatores associados significativamente à infecção pelos patógenos pesquisados. Diante da observação da infecção mesmo na ausência de alterações clínicas, ressalta-se o uso de métodos diagnósticos mais sensíveis e específicos na triagem de cães doadores.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Leishmania infantum/química , Leishmania infantum/patogenicidade , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Babesia/patogenicidade , Anaplasma/patogenicidade , Ehrlichia canis/patogenicidadeResumo
The transfusion of blood components is common in a veterinary clinic; however, the safety of this therapeutic measure cannot always be guaranteed. Studies show a high risk of haemoparasite transmission during blood transfusion in canines. These parasites include Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis, which are endemic to the city of Cuiabá. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys, and E. canis in canine blood donor candidates, and identify possible factors associated with the infection of these agents. Sixty-six canines were evaluated using serologic and molecular tests, for the presence of the Leishmania species. While one canine sample showed a positive result for L. chagasi with indirect fluorescent antibody test, with titer of 1:40, and seven canine samples were positive using DPP, all other samples were negative when using PCR and ELISA. All canines were negative for T. cruzi when using PCR. The B. (c.) vogeli infection was identified in one canine and A. platys was identified in six canines. E. canis was identified in 17 canines, with a prevalence of 25.7%. There were no significant factors associated with the infection of the pathogens investigated. Given the observation of infection, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, emphasis must be placed on the need for the use of more sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for the screening of donor canines.
Administração de hemocomponentes é uma prática de rotina na clínica veterinária, entretanto, a segurança nessa medida terapêutica nem sempre é garantida. Estudos mostram risco elevado na transmissão de hemoparasitos pela transfusão sanguínea em cães. Dentre estes, Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys e Ehrlichia canis são endêmicas no município de Cuiabá. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys e E. canis em cães candidatos a doadores de sangue e identificar os possíveis fatores associados à infecção pelos referidos agentes. Dos 66 cães avaliados por exames sorológicos e moleculares para Leishmania sp, um cão reagiu na IFI na titulação 1:40 para L. chagasi., sete no DPP, e todos negativos na PCR e ELISA. Todos os cães foram negativos na PCR para T. cruzi. Foi identificada infecção por Babesia (c.) vogeli em apenas um cão e seis para A. platys. E. canis foi diagnosticado em 17 cães, com ocorrência de 25,7%. Não foram observados fatores associados significativamente à infecção pelos patógenos pesquisados. Diante da observação da infecção mesmo na ausência de alterações clínicas, ressalta-se o uso de métodos diagnósticos mais sensíveis e específicos na triagem de cães doadores.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Anaplasma/patogenicidade , Babesia/patogenicidade , Ehrlichia canis/patogenicidade , Leishmania infantum/patogenicidade , Leishmania infantum/química , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidadeResumo
The transfusion of blood components is common in a veterinary clinic; however, the safety of this therapeutic measure cannot always be guaranteed. Studies show a high risk of haemoparasite transmission during blood transfusion in canines. These parasites include Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis, which are endemic to the city of Cuiabá. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys, and E. canis in canine blood donor candidates, and identify possible factors associated with the infection of these agents. Sixty-six canines were evaluated using serologic and molecular tests, for the presence of the Leishmania species. While one canine sample showed a positive result for L. chagasi with indirect fluorescent antibody test, with titer of 1:40, and seven canine samples were positive using DPP, all other samples were negative when using PCR and ELISA. All canines were negative for T. cruzi when using PCR. The B. (c.) vogeli infection was identified in one canine and A. platys was identified in six canines. E. canis was identified in 17 canines, with a prevalence of 25.7%. There were no significant factors associated with the infection of the pathogens investigated. Given the observation of infection, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, emphasis must be placed on the need for the use of more
Administração de hemocomponentes é uma prática de rotina na clínica veterinária, entretanto, a segurança nessa medida terapêutica nem sempre é garantida. Estudos mostram risco elevado na transmissão de hemoparasitos pela transfusão sanguínea em cães. Dentre estes, Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys e Ehrlichia canis são endêmicas no município de Cuiabá. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys e E. canis em cães candidatos a doadores de sangue e identificar os possíveis fatores associados à infecção pelos referidos agentes. Dos 66 cães avaliados por exames sorológicos e moleculares para Leishmania sp, um cão reagiu na IFI na titulação 1:40 para L. chagasi., sete no DPP, e todos negativos na PCR e ELISA. Todos os cães foram negativos na PCR para T. cruzi. Foi identificada infecção por Babesia (c.) vogeli em apenas um cão e seis para A. platys. E. canis foi diagnosticado em 17 cães, com ocorrência de 25,7%. Não foram observados fatores associados significativamente à infecção pelos patógenos pesquisados. Diante da observação da infecção mesmo na ausência de alterações clínicas, ressalta-se o uso de métodos diagnósticos mais sensíveis e específicos na triagem de cães doadores.