Intra-abdominal torsion of a non-neoplastic cryptorchid testis in an adult dog / Torção intra-abdominal de testículo criptorquideo sem neoplasia em cão adulto

Intra-abdominal or intrascrotal testicular torsion in dogs occurs due to spermatic cord rotation. Dogs with testicular torsion commonly present severe pain and require surgical intervention. Torsion of intra-abdominal retained testicles in cryptorchid adult dogs is often associated with the presence of testicular neoplasia. Herein, we reported the case of a 5-year-old male poodle with uncommon intra-abdominal testicular torsion (ITT) of a non-neoplastic testicle. The dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with acute abdominal pain in the hypogastric region. An intra-abdominal gonad and alterations compatible with testicular torsion were visualized during ultrasound examination. Orchiectomy and histopathological analysis of the testes confirmed the diagnosis of ITT in the absence of neoplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully from the situation. This report showed that ITT can occur in adult dogs in the absence of testicular neoplasia and reinforce the message that it should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of acute abdominal pain in cryptorchid dogs. Furthermore, the ultrasound examination in this case of pain in the hypogastric region was decisive for the diagnosis of ITT.

A torção testicular intra-abdominal ou intra-escrotal em cães ocorre devido à rotação do cordão espermático. Os cães com torção testicular apresentam comumente dor intensa e necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica. Em cães adultos, a torção de testículos retidos no abdômen está geralmente associada à presença de neoplasia testicular. Este relato descreve um caso incomum de cão macho, de cinco anos de idade, da raça Poodle, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário com dor abdominal aguda na região hipogástrica. Durante o exame ecográfico, foi possível evidenciar um testículo e alterações compatíveis com torção testicular. A orquiectomia intra-abdominal e posterior análise histopatológica confirmaram a ITT sem neoplasia associada. O paciente apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória. Este relato mostra que a ITT na ausência de neoplasia pode ocorrer em cães adultos, reforçando a mensagem de que deve ser considerada como um diferencial diagnóstico em casos de dor abdominal aguda. Além disso, o exame ultrassonográfico realizado neste caso de dor na região hipogástrica foi decisivo para o diagnóstico de ITT.

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil / Distúrbios gástricos de bovinos no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

A retrospective study of gastric disorders in autopsied cattle in the Western region of Rio Grande do Sul State, was performed. The exam reports of bovine necropsy of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Unipampa, were analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2018. All cases in which death was primarily caused by disturbance in the gastric chambers were included. During the period evaluated, 141 cattle were necropsied. Of those, 25 had gastric disorders. Of those, 53% had alterations in the rumen, followed by abomasum (17%), involvement of two chambers (13%) and reticulum (9%). Most cases corresponded to beef cattle raised in an extensive system and most them for calf production and fattening with an average age of approximately three years. The cases occurred in farms of four different municipalities. Bullous bloat by excessive Trifolium repens ingestion was the gastric disturbance with the highest number of dead cattle observed in this study, especially in irrigated áreas of livestock farms. Cases such as lactic acidosis, ruminal alkalosis due to excessive urea ingestion and Baccharis coridifolia poisoning were also important gastric disturbances in necropsied cattle, associated especially with poor management and period of scarcity of good quality fodder. Cases of Clostridium perfringens infection were also observed in young cattle suggesting that it is an important infectious agent in the evaluated cattle herds, also showing failures in vaccination of the herds. As observed, gastric disturbances in cattle in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul have several causes. Metabolic/toxic and infectious disturbances were important causes of mortality in the herds, inducing considerable economic losses. Based on this study, it is clear that the majority of outbreaks or isolated cases occurred due to errors in the management of the properties and the vast majority of them could have been avoided with improvements in the technical qualification of the workers and simple adjustments in the farming methods. It is also emphasized the importance of the conclusive diagnosis to control these disorders, once after the orientation to the producers, was observed significant decrease in cattle losses in the farms.(AU)

Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos distúrbios gástricos em bovinos necropsiados na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados os relatórios de exame de necropsia de bovinos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2010 a 2018. Foram incluídos todos os casos nos quais a morte foi causada primariamente pelo distúrbio nas câmaras gástricas. De um total de 141 bovinos necropsiados, 25 corresponderam a distúrbios gástricos. Dentre esses, 53% apresentaram alterações no rúmen, seguido de abomaso 17%, acometimento concomitante de duas câmaras 13% e retículo 9%. A maioria dos casos ocorreram em bovinos de corte criados em sistema extensivo e a maioria destinados à produção de bezerros e engorda com média de idade de aproximadamente três anos. Os casos ocorreram em propriedades rurais de quatro municípios da região Oeste do estado. O timpanismo bolhoso por ingestão excessiva de Trifolium repens foi o distúrbio gástrico com maior número de bovinos mortos observados nesse estudo, especialmente em propriedades com criação de animais em áreas de irrigação. Casos como acidose láctica, alcalose ruminal por intoxicação por ureia e intoxicação por Baccharis coridifolia também foram importantes distúrbios gástricos nos bovinos necropsiados e percebeu-se sua associação a falhas no manejo e à época de escassez de forragem de boa qualidade. Foram observados ainda casos de infecção por Clostridium perfringens em bovinos jovens o que sugere também tratar-se de um importante agente infeccioso nos rebanhos bovinos avaliados, demonstrando ainda falhas na vacinação dos rebanhos. Conforme observado, diversos são os distúrbios gástricos em bovinos na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como importantes causas de mortalidades os distúrbios metabólicos/tóxicos e infecciosos, induzindo consideráveis perdas econômicas. Com base nesse levantamento, percebe-se que a maioria dos surtos ou casos isolados estudados ocorreram por erros no manejo nas propriedades e, na sua grande maioria, poderiam ter sido evitados com especialização da mão de obra e ajustes simples. Ressalta-se ainda a importância do diagnóstico conclusivo para controle desses distúrbios, uma vez que, após a orientação aos produtores, observou-se significativa diminuição das perdas de bovinos nas propriedades.(AU)

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil / Distúrbios gástricos de bovinos no Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

A retrospective study of gastric disorders in autopsied cattle in the Western region of Rio Grande do Sul State, was performed. The exam reports of bovine necropsy of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Unipampa, were analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2018. All cases in which death was primarily caused by disturbance in the gastric chambers were included. During the period evaluated, 141 cattle were necropsied. Of those, 25 had gastric disorders. Of those, 53% had alterations in the rumen, followed by abomasum (17%), involvement of two chambers (13%) and reticulum (9%). Most cases corresponded to beef cattle raised in an extensive system and most them for calf production and fattening with an average age of approximately three years. The cases occurred in farms of four different municipalities. Bullous bloat by excessive Trifolium repens ingestion was the gastric disturbance with the highest number of dead cattle observed in this study, especially in irrigated áreas of livestock farms. Cases such as lactic acidosis, ruminal alkalosis due to excessive urea ingestion and Baccharis coridifolia poisoning were also important gastric disturbances in necropsied cattle, associated especially with poor management and period of scarcity of good quality fodder. Cases of Clostridium perfringens infection were also observed in young cattle suggesting that it is an important infectious agent in the evaluated cattle herds, also showing failures in vaccination of the herds. As observed, gastric disturbances in cattle in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul have several causes. Metabolic/toxic and infectious disturbances were important causes of mortality in the herds, inducing considerable economic losses. Based on this study, it is clear that the majority of outbreaks or isolated cases occurred due to errors in the management of the properties and the vast majority of them could have been avoided with improvements in the technical qualification of the workers and simple adjustments in the farming methods. It is also emphasized the importance of the conclusive diagnosis to control these disorders, once after the orientation to the producers, was observed significant decrease in cattle losses in the farms.(AU)

Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos distúrbios gástricos em bovinos necropsiados na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados os relatórios de exame de necropsia de bovinos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2010 a 2018. Foram incluídos todos os casos nos quais a morte foi causada primariamente pelo distúrbio nas câmaras gástricas. De um total de 141 bovinos necropsiados, 25 corresponderam a distúrbios gástricos. Dentre esses, 53% apresentaram alterações no rúmen, seguido de abomaso 17%, acometimento concomitante de duas câmaras 13% e retículo 9%. A maioria dos casos ocorreram em bovinos de corte criados em sistema extensivo e a maioria destinados à produção de bezerros e engorda com média de idade de aproximadamente três anos. Os casos ocorreram em propriedades rurais de quatro municípios da região Oeste do estado. O timpanismo bolhoso por ingestão excessiva de Trifolium repens foi o distúrbio gástrico com maior número de bovinos mortos observados nesse estudo, especialmente em propriedades com criação de animais em áreas de irrigação. Casos como acidose láctica, alcalose ruminal por intoxicação por ureia e intoxicação por Baccharis coridifolia também foram importantes distúrbios gástricos nos bovinos necropsiados e percebeu-se sua associação a falhas no manejo e à época de escassez de forragem de boa qualidade. Foram observados ainda casos de infecção por Clostridium perfringens em bovinos jovens o que sugere também tratar-se de um importante agente infeccioso nos rebanhos bovinos avaliados, demonstrando ainda falhas na vacinação dos rebanhos. Conforme observado, diversos são os distúrbios gástricos em bovinos na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como importantes causas de mortalidades os distúrbios metabólicos/tóxicos e infecciosos, induzindo consideráveis perdas econômicas. Com base nesse levantamento, percebe-se que a maioria dos surtos ou casos isolados estudados ocorreram por erros no manejo nas propriedades e, na sua grande maioria, poderiam ter sido evitados com especialização da mão de obra e ajustes simples. Ressalta-se ainda a importância do diagnóstico conclusivo para controle desses distúrbios, uma vez que, após a orientação aos produtores, observou-se significativa diminuição das perdas de bovinos nas propriedades.(AU)

Hipertrofia muscular intestinal da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica em cão / Intestinal muscular hipertrophy of ileus-cecal-colic valve in a dog

O presente relato tem o objetivo de alertar o clínico quanto à dificuldade diagnóstica e a importância da hipertrofia íleo-ceco-cólica em obstruções intestinais em cães. As obstruções intestinais são afecções frequentemente encontradas, sendo a ingestão de corpos estranhos a principal causa. A hipertrofia muscular intestinal pode ser causada por estenose ou por origem idiopática, sendo incomum na espécie canina. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos, havendo necessidade de exame histopatológico. Foi atendido um cão com quadro de vômito, anorexia e aquesia há 20 dias. Os estudos de imagem revelaram obstrução total na região do intestino delgado com distensão de alças, mas não foi possível elucidar a localização precisa e nem a causa da mesma. O paciente foi encaminhado para a celiotomia exploratória com suspeita de obstrução intestinal de origem a esclarecer. Durante a cirurgia, notou-se uma alteração na região da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica, e a mesma foi removida e encaminhada para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a hipertrofia muscular intestinal. No entanto, as sequelas da obstrução completa e crônica do intestino culminaram como óbito do paciente.

In the small animal clinical routine, intestinal obstructions are frequently encountrered, and foreign body intake is the main cause. However, there are other causes of digestive tract obstructions. The intestinal muscular hipertrophy can be caused by stenosis or idiopathic origin. It’s frequenly reported in horse ileus, but little reported in canines. The clinical signs include emesis, diarrhea and anorexia, among other signs of intestinal obstruction, but by having nonspecific signs, there is difficulty in closing diagnosis, requiring histopathological exam. A dog with vomiting, anorexia and dyskinesia about 20 days ago was seen at HUVet. A general physical examination, complete blood count, serious biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography and simple and contrasting abdominal radiographs were performed. The patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy with suspected intestinal obstruction and paralytic ileus. During surgery, a change was observed in the ileus-cecal-colic valve region, and it was removed and referred for histopathological analysis, which confirmed intestinal muscular hypertrophy.

Hipertrofia muscular intestinal da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica em cão / Intestinal muscular hipertrophy of ileus-cecal-colic valve in a dog

O presente relato tem o objetivo de alertar o clínico quanto à dificuldade diagnóstica e a importância da hipertrofia íleo-ceco-cólica em obstruções intestinais em cães. As obstruções intestinais são afecções frequentemente encontradas, sendo a ingestão de corpos estranhos a principal causa. A hipertrofia muscular intestinal pode ser causada por estenose ou por origem idiopática, sendo incomum na espécie canina. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos, havendo necessidade de exame histopatológico. Foi atendido um cão com quadro de vômito, anorexia e aquesia há 20 dias. Os estudos de imagem revelaram obstrução total na região do intestino delgado com distensão de alças, mas não foi possível elucidar a localização precisa e nem a causa da mesma. O paciente foi encaminhado para a celiotomia exploratória com suspeita de obstrução intestinal de origem a esclarecer. Durante a cirurgia, notou-se uma alteração na região da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica, e a mesma foi removida e encaminhada para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a hipertrofia muscular intestinal. No entanto, as sequelas da obstrução completa e crônica do intestino culminaram como óbito do paciente.(AU)

In the small animal clinical routine, intestinal obstructions are frequently encountrered, and foreign body intake is the main cause. However, there are other causes of digestive tract obstructions. The intestinal muscular hipertrophy can be caused by stenosis or idiopathic origin. Its frequenly reported in horse ileus, but little reported in canines. The clinical signs include emesis, diarrhea and anorexia, among other signs of intestinal obstruction, but by having nonspecific signs, there is difficulty in closing diagnosis, requiring histopathological exam. A dog with vomiting, anorexia and dyskinesia about 20 days ago was seen at HUVet. A general physical examination, complete blood count, serious biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography and simple and contrasting abdominal radiographs were performed. The patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy with suspected intestinal obstruction and paralytic ileus. During surgery, a change was observed in the ileus-cecal-colic valve region, and it was removed and referred for histopathological analysis, which confirmed intestinal muscular hypertrophy.(AU)

Lesões podais em ovinos da Mesorregião Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul / Foot lesions of sheep from southwestern Rio Grande do Sul

Lesões podais em ovinos são causas importantes de perdas econômicas por quedas na produtividade, na reprodução, por gastos com tratamentos ineficientes e com o descarte de animais afetados. Dessa forma, os objetivos foram descrever as principais características das lesões podais observadas em ovinos da Mesorregião Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, seus aspectos epidemiológicos e a importância da ocorrência desses distúrbios para a criação de ovinos nessa região. Foram coletados dados epidemiológicos e clinicopatológicos de rebanhos ovinos da região entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 através de visitas técnicas em propriedades rurais. Foram avaliados rebanhos ovinos em 27 propriedades rurais localizadas em diferentes municípios, dos quais 21 registraram a ocorrência de lesões podais com relato de perdas econômicas significativas. Aproximadamente 1.700 ovinos, em média 10% dos rebanhos, apresentavam diferentes graus de claudicação decorrente de lesões podais que variavam de brandas a severas. Verificou-se que diversos fatores como clima e manejo foram favoráveis para o desenvolvimento das lesões podais e essas podem estar associadas a diferentes distúrbios e agentes etiológicos. No entanto, embora essas condições sejam importantes, o controle e a prevenção tem se mostrado ineficientes. Observou-se ainda que a pododermatite infecciosa dos ovinos (Footrot), parece ser a principal doença podal na região e atualmente pode ser considerada uma doença negligenciada.(AU)

Foot lesions in sheep are important causes of economic loss due to fall in productivity, reproduction, by spending on ineffective treatment and elimination of affected animals. The purpose of this study was described the main features of foot lesions of sheep from southwestern Rio Grande do Sul, as well as epidemiological aspects and the importance of occurrence of these lesions for sheep farming in the region. Epidemiological and clinic-pathological information of sheep herds from the region between April 2014 and April 2015, by means of visits to farms. In the study were evaluated 27 sheep flocks on farms located in different municipalities. In 21 farms was reported occurrence of foot lesions in sheep having caused significant economic losses. About 1700 sheep, 10% of herds, showed different degree of lameness caused by foot lesions ranging from mild to severe. It was found that several factors, such as climate and breeding were favorable for the development of foot injuries which may be associated with different disorders and etiologic agents. Although these injuries are important, the control and prevention has proved ineffective. Also was observed that infectious pododermatitis (Footrot) may be the main foot disease of sheep in the region, and can be considered a neglected disease.(AU)

Lesões podais em ovinos da Mesorregião Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul / Foot lesions of sheep from southwestern Rio Grande do Sul

Foot lesions in sheep are important causes of economic loss due to fall in productivity, reproduction, by spending on ineffective treatment and elimination of affected animals. The purpose of this study was described the main features of foot lesions of sheep from southwestern Rio Grande do Sul, as well as epidemiological aspects and the importance of occurrence of these lesions for sheep farming in the region. Epidemiological and clinic-pathological information of sheep herds from the region between April 2014 and April 2015, by means of visits to farms. In the study were evaluated 27 sheep flocks on farms located in different municipalities. In 21 farms was reported occurrence of foot lesions in sheep having caused significant economic losses. About 1700 sheep, 10% of herds, showed different degree of lameness caused by foot lesions ranging from mild to severe. It was found that several factors, such as climate and breeding were favorable for the development of foot injuries which may be associated with different disorders and etiologic agents. Although these injuries are important, the control and prevention has proved ineffective. Also was observed that infectious pododermatitis (Footrot) may be the main foot disease of sheep in the region, and can be considered a neglected disease.(AU)

Lesões podais em ovinos são causas importantes de perdas econômicas por quedas na produtividade, na reprodução, por gastos com tratamentos ineficientes e com o descarte de animais afetados. Dessa forma, os objetivos foram descrever as principais características das lesões podais observadas em ovinos da Mesorregião Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, seus aspectos epidemiológicos e a importância da ocorrência desses distúrbios para a criação de ovinos nessa região. Foram coletados dados epidemiológicos e clinicopatológicos de rebanhos ovinos da região entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 através de visitas técnicas em propriedades rurais. Foram avaliados rebanhos ovinos em 27 propriedades rurais localizadas em diferentes municípios, dos quais 21 registraram a ocorrência de lesões podais com relato de perdas econômicas significativas. Aproximadamente 1.700 ovinos, em média 10% dos rebanhos, apresentavam diferentes graus de claudicação decorrente de lesões podais que variavam de brandas a severas. Verificou-se que diversos fatores como clima e manejo foram favoráveis para o desenvolvimento das lesões podais e essas podem estar associadas a diferentes distúrbios e agentes etiológicos. No entanto, embora essas condições sejam importantes, o controle e a prevenção tem se mostrado ineficientes. Observou-se ainda que a pododermatite infecciosa dos ovinos (Footrot), parece ser a principal doença podal na região e atualmente pode ser considerada uma doença negligenciada.(AU)

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with systemic granulomatous disease in a horse / Osteopatia hipertrófica associada à doença granulomatosa sistêmica em um equino

A 4-year-old Criollo stallion was presented at the equine clinic of veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, with a 30-day history of progressive weight loss, anemia and swelling of the forelimbs and face. Physical examination revealed that the swelling was firm and had a bone-like consistency, also radiographs showed extensive periosteal proliferation on the forelimb long bones that suggested hypertrophic osteopathy (Marie´s disease). Physical examinations identified no respiratory findings. However, during ultrasound examination, superficial lung disease was identified. The animal was treated with antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 12 days. Due to a complete lack of response to this treatment, the horse was euthanized. At necropsy several granulomatous lesions were identified in the thorax, abdomen and testicular tunics. Bony proliferation was evident on many bones of the appendicular skeleton and face. Based on these findings the diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy associated with sarcoidosis was established. It is important to perform a thorough clinical examination and include hypertrophic osteopathy in the differential diagnosis of diseases that are accompanied by swelling of the face and limbs as edema from various causes, fibrous osteodystrophy, for example.(AU)

Um garanhão Crioulo, 4 anos de idade, foi atendido na clínica de equinos do hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo há 30 dias, anemia e aumento de volume dos membros torácicos e da face. O exame físico revelou que o aumento de volume era firme e apresentava consistência óssea. Radiografias também mostraram extensa proliferação periosteal nos ossos longos dos membros anteriores, o que sugeriu a osteopatia hipertrófica (doença de Marie). Os exames físicos não identificaram alteração respiratória. No entanto, durante o exame ultrassonográfico, foi identificada doença pulmonar superficial. O animal foi tratado com antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não esteróides durante 12 dias. Devido a uma completa falta de resposta ao tratamento, o cavalo foi sacrificado. Durante a necropsia, várias lesões granulomatosas foram identificadas no tórax, abdômen e túnicas testiculares. Proliferação óssea era evidente em vários ossos do esqueleto apendicular e da face. Com base nestes resultados o diagnóstico de osteopatia hipertrófica associada à sarcoidose foi estabelecido. É importante realizar um exame clínico completo e incluir a osteopatia hipertrófica no diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades que vêm acompanhadas de aumento de volume da face e dos membros como edema por diversas causas e osteodistrofia fibrosa, por exemplo.(AU)

Acute myonecrosis in horse caused by Clostridium novyi type A

The objective of this study was to describe the first report involving a case of equine acute myonecrosis caused by C. novyi type A with an emphasis on clinical signs, the pathological and bacteriological analysis, and molecular identification of the microorganisms as the key of the definitive diagnosis.(AU)

Clinical and pathological observations associated with snake envenomation in two sheep

Background: Snake attacks on sheep, horses, cattle and, most frequently, dogs, have previously been described but few of these cases involve highly lethal poison, especially with farm animals. In Brazil, most attacks on humans involving poisonous snakes are related to the genus Bothrops sp. Information about snakebites in sheep is usually obtained from experiments. There are few reports of natural cases and their clinical and pathological characteristics. The aim of the present study was to report the clinical and pathological characteristics of two spontaneous cases of snake envenomation in sheep. Case: Two sheep were sent to the UFSM Veterinary Hospital after being found in the lateral decubitus position by their owner. The two sheep came from a farm located near the University. The animals were subjected to a thorough clinical examination. Blood was collected from one animal for a hemogram and biochemical tests. The animals died about two hours after their arrival at the veterinary hospital. During the necropsy, the first ewe exhibited severe dyspnea, swelling of the submandibular and periorbital regions, and unilateral nasal serosanguineous secretion. The second animal exhibited nasal and ocular bilateral bleeding, hematoma and intense gingival bleeding. The left eye was completely obliterated. In the blood and serum analysis, this animal exhibited a low content of plasma proteins. During the clinical examination, both animals exhibited severe swelling and a hemorrhage in the head suggested snakebite. The tissue samples were fixed in formaldehyde, routinely processed for the histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The owner reported the presence of Bothrops alternatus snakes on the farm. Discussion: Most cases of snakebite occur in spring and summer. Severe edema and bleeding are characteristic of snakebites from the genus Bothrops sp. Sakebites involving sheep usually occur in the head region, as in the cases reported herein. According to the literature, the attacks occurred during Spring, in the months of September and October. Both animals dies less than two hours after arriving at the Veterinary Hospital, indicating that the species of snake involved was very poisonous. In the necropsy, both sheep exhibited skin and subcutaneous hemorrhage, as well as severe edema. When a snake bite involving the genus Bothrops sp. occurs in the head, there is a local reaction which can produce severe edema that affects the neck and thoracic regions. One of the animals exhibited pulmonary edema, hemorrhagic lesions in the heart and petechiae in the serous surface of the intestine. Two perforating lesions, two centimeters away from each other, were found on the right nostril of one animal whereas the lesions were found in the left labial commissure of the second animal, which suggested a snake attack. In the bite region, hydropic degeneration of the keratinocytes and moderate spongiosis were observed microscopically. In the small intestine, the lamina propria exhibited moderate eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. The heart exhibited multifocal areas of coalescent hemorrhage and moderate edema of the interstitium. The speed with which the animals died demonstrated the high lethality of snakebites in farm animals. The diagnosis of snake envenomation was based on the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings and was attributed to the Bothrops sp. of snakes.

Lesões do sistema urinário em 1.063 cães / Lesions of the urinary system in 1.063 dogs

Com o objetivo de realizar um estudo abrangente das lesões do sistema urinário em cães e determinar a sua prevalência, epidemiologia, importância clínica e possíveis causas associadas, foram revisados os protocolos de necropsias de cães realizadas no período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2010 no LPV-UFSM. Nesse período foram necropsiados 3.189 cães e destes, cerca de 30% apresentaram lesões no sistema urinário. Na maioria dos cães (79,1%) foram observadas lesões únicas e em aproximadamente 21% havia lesões múltiplas no sistema urinário, totalizando 1.373 lesões. Destas, 1.014 (73,8%) foram observadas no rim. No trato urinário inferior (TUI) foram diagnosticadas 359 (26,2%) lesões. Um terço das lesões no sistema urinário dos cães necropsiados foram causa de morte espontânea ou razão para eutanásia (ME/EUT). As demais foram consideradas como achados incidentais. As principais lesões renais diagnosticadas, em ordem decrescente de prevalência, foram: nefrite túbulo-intersticial, infarto, nefrite granulomatosa (parasitária), glomerulonefrite, neoplasmas metastáticos/multicêntricos, pielonefrite/ pielite e hidronefrose. As principais lesões do TUI diagnosticadas, em ordem decrescente de prevalência, foram: cistite, presença de inclusões virais (morbilivírus), urolitíase, dilatação da bexiga, ruptura de bexiga (com uroperitônio) e neoplasmas metastáticos/multicêntricos. As características epidemiológicas como sexo, raça e idade dos cães afetados tiveram variações expressivas de acordo com o tipo de lesão diagnosticada. Uremia foi observada em um número significativo de casos de ME/EUT e foi principalmente secundária a lesões renais.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, epidemiology, clinical significance, and possible associated causes of the urinary system lesions in dogs necropsied between January 1999 and December 2010 at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). To accomplish this, the necropsy reports were analyzed retrospectively. In this time frame, 3,189 dogs were necropsied and about 30% had lesions in the urinary system. In most of the dogs (79.1%), lesions were single and in about 21% they were multiple, totalizing 1,373 lesions. Out of them, 1,014 (73.8%) were observed in the kidney and 359 (26.2%) were in the lower urinary tract (LUT). One third of the lesions in the urinary system were causes of spontaneous death or reason for euthanasia (SD/EUTH) of the affected dogs. The other two third of the lesions were considered incidental findings. The main renal lesions diagnosed, in descending order of prevalence, were: tubulointerstitial nephritis, infarct, granulomatous nephritis (parasitary), glomerulonephritis, metastatic/multicentric neoplasms, pyelonephritis/pyelitis, and hydronephrosis. The main LUT lesions, in descending order of prevalence, were: cystitis, presence of viral inclusions bodies (morbillivirus), urolithiasis, urinary bladder dilatation, urinary bladder rupture (with uroperitoneum), and metastatic/multicentric neoplasms. Epidemiological aspects such as gender, breed, and age of affected dogs had expressive variations according to the type of lesion diagnosed. Uremia was observed in a significant number of cases of SD/EUTH and was mostly due to renal lesions.(AU)

Urolitíase em 76 cães / Urolithiasis in 76 dogs

Entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2010 foram necropsiados 4.872 cães no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). Destes, 76 (1,6%) apresentaram urólitos em algum local do sistema urinário. O perfil epidemiológico dos cães afetados demonstrou o predomínio de machos (64,5%), adultos (52,6%) e com raça definida (56,6%). Sinais clínicos indicativos de urolitíase foram reportados em 30,3% dos casos e consistiram principalmente de hematúria, anúria, disúria e incontinência urinária. Os urólitos tiveram localização única ou múltipla e os locais anatômicos mais frequentemente acometimentos, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: bexiga, rim e uretra. Urolitíase ureteral não foi observada. Lesões secundárias à urolitíase foram observadas em aproximadamente 40% dos cães afetados; as mais prevalentes, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: cistite, obstrução uretral, hidroureter, hidronefrose, ruptura vesical (com uroperitônio) e pielonefrite. Em 25% dos cães afetados ocorreu morte espontânea ou eutanásia decorrente das lesões secundárias à urolitíase. Lesões extra-renais de uremia foram observadas em 11,8% dos casos.(AU)

From January 1990 to December 2010, 4,872 dogs were necropsied at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Seventy six dogs (1.6%) had uroliths along the urinary tract. The epidemiological profile of the affected dogs showed predominance of males (64.5%); adults (52.6%); and pure breeds (56.6%). Clinical signs suggestive of urolithiasis were reported in 30.3% of the dogs and consisted mainly of hematuria, anuria, dysuria and urinary incontinency. The uroliths were found in one or more anatomical sites, and the main affected ones (in descending order) were urinary bladder, kidney, and urethra. Ureteral urolithiasis was not observed. Secondary lesions to urolithiasis were found in about 40% of the cases. The most prevalent (in descending order) were cystitis, urethral obstruction, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, urinary bladder rupture (with uroperitoneum), and pyelonephritis. In 25% of the affected dogs, spontaneous death occurred or euthanasia was performed due to the secondary lesions of urolithiasis. Extra-renal lesions of uremia were found in 11.8% of the cases.(AU)

Neoplasmas do sistema urinário em 113 cães / Neoplasms of the urinary system in 113 dogs

Foram revisados 4.723 protocolos de necropsias de cães realizadas entre janeiro de 1990 e julho de 2010 no LPV-UFSM. Os principais objetivos deste estudo retrospectivo foram determinar a prevalência e os tipos de neoplasmas que ocorreram no sistema urinário. Em 113 (2,4 por cento) dos cães necropsiados, foram diagnosticados 27 neoplasmas primários e 86 metastáticos ou como parte de tumores multicêntricos no sistema urinário. Dos neoplasmas primários, a grande maioria teve origem epitelial. Treze casos eram neoplasmas renais primários (0,27 por cento do total de cães necropsiados no período estudado). Cistadenocarcinoma/cistadenoma e o carcinoma de células renais foram os neoplasmas primários mais prevalentes no rim e o carcinoma de células de transição foi o mais prevalente na bexiga. Os neoplasmas metastáticos (64 casos) e multicêntricos (22 casos) que afetaram o sistema urinário foram os mais prevalentes (86 casos [76,1 por cento]), com predomínio mesenquimal. Destes, a grande maioria estava localizada no rim e, quanto ao tipo histológico, as metástases de neoplasmas mamários e o linfoma multicêntrico predominaram.(AU)

Necropsy reports from 4,723 dogs examined from January 1990 to July 2010 in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, were surveyed. The main purposes of this retrospective study were to establish the prevalence and types of neoplasms of the urinary system in dogs. Neoplasms of the urinary system were present in 113 (2.4 percent) dogs. Twenty seven were primary neoplasms and 86 were metastatic or part of a multicentric tumor. The majority of the primary neoplasms were of epithelial origin. Thirteen dogs had primary renal neoplasms (prevalence of 0.27 percent over all dogs necropsied in the studied period). Cystadenocarcinoma/cystadenoma and renal cell carcinoma were the most prevalent primary renal neoplasms and transitional cell carcinoma was the most prevalent urinary bladder neoplasm. Metastatic (64 cases) or multicentric (22 cases) tumors affecting the urinary system were the most prevalent (86 cases [76.1 percent]). Among them, mesenchymal tumors were more common than epithelial tumors. Out of the 86 cases, most of them were localized in the kidney. Metastases of mammary tumors and multicentric lymphoma were the most prevalent histologic types.(AU)

Linfossarcoma de células B multicêntrico em uma ovelha / Multicentric B-cell lymphosarcoma in an Ewe

Background: Lymphosarcoma is a malignant tumor from tumoral cells similar to lymphocytes and its spontaneous development in small ruminants is unusual in Brazil. In cattle, the lymphosarcomas are often associated with infection by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), although sheep are considered as a very susceptible specie to BLV. Spontaneously lymphosarcoma is rare and in most cases it is observed in apparently healthy animals in slaughterhouses. There is no report of this tumor in sheep in southern Brazil. We describe a case of spontaneous multicentric B-cells lymphosarcoma in an ewe. Case: In June 2007, a 4-years-old mixed breed ewe was necropsied after clinical signs as anorexia, weight loss and death in few weeks. This ewe was purchased in September 2006 with another 44 sheep, most females of the same age. Dairy cattle were also raised together with sheep at the same farm. Fragments of liver, lung, spleen, kidneys, brain and parotid lymph node were sent to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, for histopathological evaluation. Multiply white to yellow nodules, with 0.5 to 2 cm of diameter, were observed in the liver, kidneys, and the parotid lymph node. The nodules were soft and some coalesced and infiltrating the hepatic parenchyma. The kidneys nodules were similar to those of the liver but prominent in the capsule. They were observed infiltrating more intensely the cortical region. The parotid lymph node was 6 x 4 x 3.5 cm size, whitish, multilobulated and the cut surface was totally obliterated by the tumor mass. Histologically, the neoplasm showed intense proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells arranged in sheets and a poor fibrovascular stroma, with round small and hyperchromatic nuclei, and scarce eosinophilic cytoplasm compressing the adjacent parenchyma.(...)

Linfossarcoma de células B multicêntrico em uma ovelha / Multicentric B-cell lymphosarcoma in an Ewe

Background: Lymphosarcoma is a malignant tumor from tumoral cells similar to lymphocytes and its spontaneous development in small ruminants is unusual in Brazil. In cattle, the lymphosarcomas are often associated with infection by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), although sheep are considered as a very susceptible specie to BLV. Spontaneously lymphosarcoma is rare and in most cases it is observed in apparently healthy animals in slaughterhouses. There is no report of this tumor in sheep in southern Brazil. We describe a case of spontaneous multicentric B-cells lymphosarcoma in an ewe. Case: In June 2007, a 4-years-old mixed breed ewe was necropsied after clinical signs as anorexia, weight loss and death in few weeks. This ewe was purchased in September 2006 with another 44 sheep, most females of the same age. Dairy cattle were also raised together with sheep at the same farm. Fragments of liver, lung, spleen, kidneys, brain and parotid lymph node were sent to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, for histopathological evaluation. Multiply white to yellow nodules, with 0.5 to 2 cm of diameter, were observed in the liver, kidneys, and the parotid lymph node. The nodules were soft and some coalesced and infiltrating the hepatic parenchyma. The kidneys nodules were similar to those of the liver but prominent in the capsule. They were observed infiltrating more intensely the cortical region. The parotid lymph node was 6 x 4 x 3.5 cm size, whitish, multilobulated and the cut surface was totally obliterated by the tumor mass. Histologically, the neoplasm showed intense proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells arranged in sheets and a poor fibrovascular stroma, with round small and hyperchromatic nuclei, and scarce eosinophilic cytoplasm compressing the adjacent parenchyma.(...)(AU)

Cenurose em ovinos no sul do Brasil: 16 casos / Coenurosis of sheep in southern Brazil: 16 cases

Neste trabalho são descritos casos de doença neurológica causada por Coenurus cerebralis em 16 ovinos provenientes de nove propriedades rurais do Rio Grande do Sul. Os casos ocorreram entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2006. A evolução clínica variou de 30-90 dias e os ovinos afetados apresentavam depressão (9/16), isolamento do rebanho (8/16), andar cambaleante (7/16), cegueira (4/16), desvio da cabeça (3/16), incoordenação (3/16), movimentos de pedalagem (2/16), quedas (2/16), andar em círculos, deficiência proprioceptiva nos membros torácicos e pélvicos, estrabismo, midríase, opistótono, tremores e rigidez dos membros (1/16 cada). Os achados macroscópicos foram restritos ao sistema nervoso central e caracterizados por cistos de 2 a 9cm de diâmetro preenchidos por líquido translúcido e revestidos por fina membrana. Na parte interna da membrana, havia numerosas estruturas levemente alongadas e brancas de aproximadamente 1mm de diâmetro (escólices). Na maioria dos ovinos, os cistos eram localizados no telencéfalo (12/16); em três, os cistos estavam no cerebelo e em um ovino havia um cisto no cerebelo e um na medula espinhal. Em todos os casos havia acentuada compressão e deslocamento do tecido nervoso adjacente aos cistos. Histologicamente, os cistos parasitários eram formados por dupla membrana fracamente eosinofílica da qual evaginavam múltiplos escólices esféricos acelomados. Adjacente à parede da vesícula eram observadas sucessivas camadas compostas por uma zona de necrose e mineralização, circundadas por infiltrado inflamatório composto por macrófagos epitelióides e células gigantes multinucleadas, com uma cápsula externa de tecido fibrovascular e infiltrado inflamatório linfoistioplasmocitário perivascular. Adicionalmente, havia compressão e atrofia das substâncias branca e cinzenta adjacentes. O diagnóstico de cenurose foi realizado com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e macroscópicos, e confirmado pela histopatologia.(AU)

Sixteen cases of neurologic disease caused by Coenurus cerebralis occurring in sheep from nine farms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January 1990 to December 2006, are described. Clinical courses varied from 30 to 90 days and affected sheep developed depression (9/16), isolation from the herd (8/16), staggering (7/16), blindness (4/16), head tilt (3/16), incoordination (3/16), paddling (2/16), falls (2/16), circling, proprioceptive deficits in fore and hindlimbs, strabismus, mydriasis, opisthotonus, trembling and rigidity of the limbs (1/16 each one). Macroscopic findings were restricted to central nervous system and consisted of 2 to 9cm fluid filled cysts with numerous slightly elongated 1 mm white scolices attached to the inner wall surface of the capsule. Cysts were located in the telencephalon (12/16); in the cerebellum (3 sheep); and in the cerebellum and spinal cord (1 sheep). All cases showed severe compression and displacement of the adjacent nervous tissue. Histologically, the cyst walls were characterized by a thin walled eosinophilic vesicle in which evaginated multiple spherical acelomated scolices. The cyst wall was surrounded by successive layers consisting of an internal necrotic and mineralized band, a layer of epithelioid macrophages with abundant number of multinucleated giant cell and an external fibrovascular capsule with perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrate. Adjacent white and gray matter were compressed and atrophied. The diagnosis was based on epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic findings and confirmed by histopathology.(AU)

Aspectos clinicopatológicos e imunoistoquímicis do histocitoma fibroso maligno estoriforme-pleomórfico em um cão / Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of storiform-pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a dog

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno (MFH) é um neoplasma pleocelular de origem incerta e prognóstico sombrio. O correto diagnóstico através de exames imunoistoquímicos é difícil e, na maioria das vezes, inconsistente. Descreve-se os aspectos clinicopatológicos e imunoistoquímicos de um caso de MFH em um cão Rottweiler, macho, de seis anos. O neoplasma foi testado para tricômico de Masson, citoqueratina, vimentina, lisozima, proteína S100 GFAP e NSE. A positividade para vimentina, lisozima e proteína S100 nas células redondas e multinucleadas são características dos histiócitos. Resultados negativos foram observados para os demais anticorpos. Com base nos resultados, diagnósticos diferenciais foram discutidos e a origem histiocítica ou de células pluripotenciais ds células tumoriais pôde ser sugerida. O MFH ainda permanece um desafio diagnóstico em animais e humanos(AU)

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a pleocellular neoplasm of uncertain cellular origin and poor prognosis. The right diagnosis through immunohistochemical test is difficult and most of the time inconsistent. Clinicopathological features of a MFH in a six-year-old male Rottweiler were described. Additional immunohistochemical data were also provided for diagnosis. The tumor was tested for Masson trichrome, cytokeratin, vimentin, lysozyme, S100 protein, GFAP and NSE. Positive results for vimentin, lyzozyme and S100 protein observed in round and multinucleated cells are characteristic of histiocytes. The result allowed the distinction between the differential diagnosis and suggested an histicytic or pluripotential cell origin. The MFH still remains a diagnostic challenge in dogs and humans(AU)

Aspectos clinicopatológicos e imunoistoquímicis do histocitoma fibroso maligno estoriforme-pleomórfico em um cão / Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of storiform-pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a dog

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno (MFH) é um neoplasma pleocelular de origem incerta e prognóstico sombrio. O correto diagnóstico através de exames imunoistoquímicos é difícil e, na maioria das vezes, inconsistente. Descreve-se os aspectos clinicopatológicos e imunoistoquímicos de um caso de MFH em um cão Rottweiler, macho, de seis anos. O neoplasma foi testado para tricômico de Masson, citoqueratina, vimentina, lisozima, proteína S100 GFAP e NSE. A positividade para vimentina, lisozima e proteína S100 nas células redondas e multinucleadas são características dos histiócitos. Resultados negativos foram observados para os demais anticorpos. Com base nos resultados, diagnósticos diferenciais foram discutidos e a origem histiocítica ou de células pluripotenciais ds células tumoriais pôde ser sugerida. O MFH ainda permanece um desafio diagnóstico em animais e humanos

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a pleocellular neoplasm of uncertain cellular origin and poor prognosis. The right diagnosis through immunohistochemical test is difficult and most of the time inconsistent. Clinicopathological features of a MFH in a six-year-old male Rottweiler were described. Additional immunohistochemical data were also provided for diagnosis. The tumor was tested for Masson trichrome, cytokeratin, vimentin, lysozyme, S100 protein, GFAP and NSE. Positive results for vimentin, lyzozyme and S100 protein observed in round and multinucleated cells are characteristic of histiocytes. The result allowed the distinction between the differential diagnosis and suggested an histicytic or pluripotential cell origin. The MFH still remains a diagnostic challenge in dogs and humans

Meningoencefalite necrosante em um cão Pug: relato de caso / Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a Pug dog: case report

A meningoencefalite necrosante é uma condição inflamatória de cães de raças de pequeno porte especialmente em cães Pug. A doença é caracterizada histologicamente por infiltração de linfócitos, plamócitos e histiócitos e necrose do parênquima cerebral principalmente no córtex. Descreve-se um caso de meningoencefalite necrosante em um cão Pug, fêmea, com cinco anos de idade. O histórico clínico incluía apatia, incoordenação motora e crises epileptiformes recorrentes. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base nas características clínicas, nos achados histopatológicos e na imunoistoquímica(AU)

The necrotizing meningoencephalitis is an inflammatory condition of small dogs of mainly the Pug ones. The disease is histologically characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes and necrosis of the cerebral parenchyma mostly in the cortex. This report concerns a case of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a female five-year-old Pug dog. The clinical description includes apathy, poorly coordinated gait and recurrent seizures. The diagnosis was carried through on the basis of the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings(AU)

Meningoencefalite necrosante em um cão Pug: relato de caso / Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a Pug dog: case report

A meningoencefalite necrosante é uma condição inflamatória de cães de raças de pequeno porte especialmente em cães Pug. A doença é caracterizada histologicamente por infiltração de linfócitos, plamócitos e histiócitos e necrose do parênquima cerebral principalmente no córtex. Descreve-se um caso de meningoencefalite necrosante em um cão Pug, fêmea, com cinco anos de idade. O histórico clínico incluía apatia, incoordenação motora e crises epileptiformes recorrentes. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base nas características clínicas, nos achados histopatológicos e na imunoistoquímica

The necrotizing meningoencephalitis is an inflammatory condition of small dogs of mainly the Pug ones. The disease is histologically characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes and necrosis of the cerebral parenchyma mostly in the cortex. This report concerns a case of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in a female five-year-old Pug dog. The clinical description includes apathy, poorly coordinated gait and recurrent seizures. The diagnosis was carried through on the basis of the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings