Hemoparasitoses associadas a doenças uterinas em cadela Golden Retriever Relato de caso / Hemoparasitoses associated with uterine diseases in Golden Retriever bitch Case report

As most common uterine diseases encountered in clinical small animal are complex cystic endometrialhyperplasia and its evolution to hydrometra, mucometra and pyometra. His clinical signs are common to otherdiseases that affect dogs very often in northeastern Brazil, as hemoparasitoses as ehrlichiosis and babesiosis. Whenthese conditions occur simultaneously, the diagnosis and, consequently, treatment may be impaired. Thus, this workrelated to the case of a bitch who presents a research on the subject, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis, describing thetreatment and the implications of the simultaneous occurrence of diseases in the effectiveness of treatments.(AU)

Hemoparasitoses associadas a doenças uterinas em cadela Golden Retriever – Relato de caso / Hemoparasitoses associated with uterine diseases in Golden Retriever bitch – Case report

As most common uterine diseases encountered in clinical small animal are complex cystic endometrialhyperplasia and its evolution to hydrometra, mucometra and pyometra. His clinical signs are common to otherdiseases that affect dogs very often in northeastern Brazil, as hemoparasitoses as ehrlichiosis and babesiosis. Whenthese conditions occur simultaneously, the diagnosis and, consequently, treatment may be impaired. Thus, this workrelated to the case of a bitch who presents a research on the subject, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis, describing thetreatment and the implications of the simultaneous occurrence of diseases in the effectiveness of treatments.

Avaliação do peso ao nascimento de machos e fêmeas e da prolificidade por sexo em cães da raça Buldogue Francês / Evaluation of males and females birth weight and prolificity by sex of French Bulldogs

The aimed of the study was to report the prolificacy, check if there is difference in the proportion ofmales and females and weight between the sexes of the breed puppies French Bulldog soon after birth. Seventypuppies from 18 litters were evaluated. All animals were evaluated on a maximum of 12 hours after birth.Weight was measured in grams in electronic balance. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation andcompared by T-test. The average weight was 226 ± 29.46 g. There was no statistical difference in birth weightbetween males (230.40 ± 34.72 g) and females (223.60 ± 23.49 g). The prolificacy was 3.89 ± 1.71. There wereno differences in the number of male offspring (1.89 ± 1.18) and females per litter (2.00 ± 1.33). We concludethat gender does not influence the birth weight, and the male: female proportion is similar.(AU)

Avaliação do peso ao nascimento de machos e fêmeas e da prolificidade por sexo em cães da raça Buldogue Francês / Evaluation of males and females birth weight and prolificity by sex of French Bulldog’s

The aimed of the study was to report the prolificacy, check if there is difference in the proportion ofmales and females and weight between the sexes of the breed puppies French Bulldog soon after birth. Seventypuppies from 18 litters were evaluated. All animals were evaluated on a maximum of 12 hours after birth.Weight was measured in grams in electronic balance. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation andcompared by T-test. The average weight was 226 ± 29.46 g. There was no statistical difference in birth weightbetween males (230.40 ± 34.72 g) and females (223.60 ± 23.49 g). The prolificacy was 3.89 ± 1.71. There wereno differences in the number of male offspring (1.89 ± 1.18) and females per litter (2.00 ± 1.33). We concludethat gender does not influence the birth weight, and the male: female proportion is similar.

Catalase and glutathione peroxidase in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite of Leishmania genus that affects organs and tissues. Several studies evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The overproduction of ROS on infectious diseases can induce an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at cellular or systemic level. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in CanL. Materials, Methods & Results: Females (n = 17) and males (n = 10), at different ages and with different weight, were selected for this study. Dogs were divided into two groups according classical clinical signs and sorological test to CanL. Animals were considered infected based on indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA titration 1:40. Group B (n = 15) composed by positive dogs to CanL from Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) and group A (n = 12) was composed by dogs from private kennel that were serologically negative to L. infantum and had absence of clinical signs to CanL. Blood sample were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity. Data were analyzed by Students t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P 0.05). Total proteins (TP, mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U/L) [...](AU)

Catalase and glutathione peroxidase in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite of Leishmania genus that affects organs and tissues. Several studies evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The overproduction of ROS on infectious diseases can induce an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at cellular or systemic level. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in CanL. Materials, Methods & Results: Females (n = 17) and males (n = 10), at different ages and with different weight, were selected for this study. Dogs were divided into two groups according classical clinical signs and sorological test to CanL. Animals were considered infected based on indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA titration 1:40. Group B (n = 15) composed by positive dogs to CanL from Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) and group A (n = 12) was composed by dogs from private kennel that were serologically negative to L. infantum and had absence of clinical signs to CanL. Blood sample were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity. Data were analyzed by Students t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P 0.05). Total proteins (TP, mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U/L) [...]

Doppler e ecobiometria prostática e testicular em cães da raça Boxer / Prostatic and Testicular Doppler and Echobiometry in Boxer Dogs

Background: Two-dimensional ultrasound associated to the color and spectral doppler tool allows a complete anatomic and vascular hemodynamic evaluations. The use of these techniques are already well established in Human Medicine, however, in Veterinary Medicine, its use it still relatively recent. Studies on the male reproductive tract, especially in dogs, are scarce and based on small and heterogenic samples. Due to the importance of understanding the normal canine prostate and testes, it was aimed to evaluate the prostate and testes of Boxer dogs by two-dimensional ultrasound associated to color and spectral doppler. Materials, Methods & Results: Five Boxer dogs, ranging from fi ve to seven years old, healthy and presenting a known normal reproductive history were used. Prostatic and testicular volumes were obtained by two-dimensional ultrasonography linear measurements and the volume was calculated using the spheroid formula. The prostatic artery in locations: cranial (entering the gland), subcapsular (bordering the capsule), parenchymal (irrigating the prostatic parenchyma) and caudal (leaving the gland) and testicular artery in marginal locations and convoluted spermatic cord were characterized by color doppler ultrasonography through qualitative assessment of flow and measurement of the diameter and the number of pixels formed, and spectral for the morphological characteristics of the spectra and obtain the dopplervelocimetrics parameters: peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index and resistance index. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were submitted to ANOVA, followed by Student t test (P < 0.05). The mean prostatic volume was 18.20 ± 0.14 cm³. Right and left testes presented a mean volume of 10.89 ± 0.27 and 10.70 ± 0.41 cm³, respectively. According to the quality of flow, color Doppler signal was classified as intense in cranial and caudal prostatic arteries and along the testicular artery; moderate at subcapsular prostatic artery and little evident in parenchymal prostatic artery. The vessels studied by spectral Doppler showed arterial waveform morphology, with a continuous pattern, with laminar flow different among the studied locations. The testicular artery in both locations and the subcapsular and parenchymal prostatic arteries showed a flow of low resistance and monophasic waveform pattern. The cranial and caudal prostatic arteries showed a biphasic waveform of high resistance. Color and spectral doppler parameters differ at all locations of all vessels, except for PSV and EDV at all locations of the prostatic artery and the pulsatility index and resistance index of the cranial and caudal prostatic arteries. No statistical differences were found between right and left testes, Discussion: Until the present, there are no studies about normal prostatic size in Boxer dogs, mainly using animals within the same group and homogeneous weight. The volume determination is positively correlated to animal weight and it can represent testes development. The prostatic and testicular ultrasound patterns were similar to those already described. The doppler signal could be accurately detect in all studied vessels. The decrease in the vessel diameter collaborates to doppler variation measured by pixels. However, the absence of change in PSV and EDV occurred because there were no changes in cardiac acceleration speed. The presence of a notch is supposed to be due to the difference between subcapsular and parenchymal diameters. The two-dimensional ultrasound associated to Doppler ultrasound may serve as an additional tool in assessing reproductive dogs and that the location of both prostatic and testicular arteries will influence the results.

Criopreservação de sêmen e inseminação artificial em cães / Cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination in dogs

Diante de um crescente mercado que requisita produtos e serviços para cães, o presente trabalho objetiva descrever as principais etapas e resultados obtidos na criopreservação de sêmen e inseminação artificiais na espécie canina.

Faced with a growing market that demands products and services for dogs, this paper aims to describe the main steps and results in cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination in dogs.

Criopreservação de sêmen e inseminação artificial em cães / Cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination in dogs

Diante de um crescente mercado que requisita produtos e serviços para cães, o presente trabalho objetiva descrever as principais etapas e resultados obtidos na criopreservação de sêmen e inseminação artificiais na espécie canina.(AU)

Faced with a growing market that demands products and services for dogs, this paper aims to describe the main steps and results in cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination in dogs.(AU)

Efeito de diferentes protocolos de descongelação sobre o sêmen canino criopreservado em diluidor à base água de coco em pó (ACP-160®) / Effect of different thawing protocols on canine semen cryopreserved in a powdered coconut water extender (ACP-160®)

Sabe-se que a temperatura, bem como a velocidade de descongelação do sêmen, pode afetar a qualidade deste. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar diferentes protocolos de descongelação para o sêmen canino diluído em ACP-106® e criopreservado. Para tanto, coletaram-se dez ejaculados oriundos de oito cães, sendo a fração espermática avaliada quanto ao volume, concentração, motilidade, vigor, pH, morfologia, integridade acrossomal e teste hiposmótico. Diluiu-se o sêmen em ACP-106®, contendo 20% de gema de ovo e 6% de glicerol, sendo congelado em palhetas de 0,25 mL. Depois de uma semana, a primeira palheta foi descongelada a uma temperatura de 37°C/60s, a segunda a 55°C/5s e a terceira a 75°C/8s e reavaliaram-se os parâmetros seminais. Os protocolos apresentaram resultados semelhantes para quase todos os parâmetros avaliados, com exceção da motilidade espermática, que foi melhor preservada na descongelação a 55°C/5s por até trinta minutos, seguida do protocolo de 37°C/60s e por último o de 75°C/8s. Analisando-se estes resultados, pode-se concluir que, para o sêmen canino congelado no diluidor ACP-106®, o melhor protocolo para descongelação foi o de 55C/5s.

It is known that temperature and thawing velocity can affect sperm quality during freeze-thawing procedures. Thus, the aim of this research was to compare different thawing protocols for canine semen extended in ACP-106® extender and cryopreserved. Ten ejaculates were collected from eight dogs and sperm rich fraction was evaluated regarding volume, concentration, motility, vigor, pH, morphology, acrosomal integrity and hyposmotic swelling test. Then, semen was extended in ACP-106® with 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol, and frozen in 0.25 mL straws. After one week, one straw was thawed at 37°C/60s, another one at 55°C/5s and a third one at 75°C/8s, and the seminal characteristics were reevaluated. Similar results were observed for all the groups, except for sperm motility which was better preserved at 55°C/5s for up 30min than at 37°C/60s or 75°C/8s. From these results, it is concluded that canine semen extended in ACP -106® is better thawed at 55°C/5s.

Comparação de quatro protocolos anestésicos para a coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos / Comparison of four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro protocolos de anestesia para a coleta de sêmen em gatos domésticos por eletroejaculação (EEJ). Quatorze gatos foram anestesiados com cetamina/xilazina (protocolo A), tiletamina/ zolazepam (protocolo B), tiletamina/ zolazepam e tramadol Protocolo C), e isoflurano (protocolo D) e foram submetidos a 3 séries de choques elétricos (20–60 mA). Os parâmetros de qualidade seminal, volume, a presença de espermatozóides e a contaminação por urina foram avaliados para todos os protocolos após eletroejaculação. O sucesso na obtenção de ejaculado foi de 84,62% (11/13); 92,31% (12/13); 92,31% (12/13) e 100% (14/14), respectivamente para os protocolos A, B, C e D. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram encontradas para motilidade, vigor e volume seminal. O protocolo de anestésico com isoflurano é eficientemente indicado para coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos.(AU)

This study compares four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats. Fourteen tomcats were anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine (protocol A), tiletamine/ zolazepam (protocol B), tiletamine/ zolazepam and tramadol (protocol C), and isofluorane (protocol D) and submitted to three series of electric stimuli (20 60 mA). The parameters of semen quality, volume, spermatozoa presence and urine contamination were analyzed for all protocols after electroejaculation. The success in obtaining ejaculate was 84.62% (11/13); 92.31% (12/13); 92.31% (12/13) and 100% (14/14), respectively for protocols A, B, C and D protocols. Significant differences in motility, vigor and seminal volume were observed among the groups. The inhalation anesthetic protocol with isofluorane is thus efficient for semen collection in domestic cats by electroejaculation(AU)

Comparação de quatro protocolos anestésicos para a coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos / Comparison of four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quatro protocolos de anestesia para a coleta de sêmen em gatos domésticos por eletroejaculação (EEJ). Quatorze gatos foram anestesiados com cetamina/xilazina (protocolo A), tiletamina/ zolazepam (protocolo B), tiletamina/ zolazepam e tramadol Protocolo C), e isoflurano (protocolo D) e foram submetidos a 3 séries de choques elétricos (20–60 mA). Os parâmetros de qualidade seminal, volume, a presença de espermatozóides e a contaminação por urina foram avaliados para todos os protocolos após eletroejaculação. O sucesso na obtenção de ejaculado foi de 84,62% (11/13); 92,31% (12/13); 92,31% (12/13) e 100% (14/14), respectivamente para os protocolos A, B, C e D. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram encontradas para motilidade, vigor e volume seminal. O protocolo de anestésico com isoflurano é eficientemente indicado para coleta de sêmen por eletroejaculação em gatos domésticos.

This study compares four anesthetic protocols for semen collection by electroejaculation in domestic cats. Fourteen tomcats were anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine (protocol A), tiletamine/ zolazepam (protocol B), tiletamine/ zolazepam and tramadol (protocol C), and isofluorane (protocol D) and submitted to three series of electric stimuli (20 – 60 mA). The parameters of semen quality, volume, spermatozoa presence and urine contamination were analyzed for all protocols after electroejaculation. The success in obtaining ejaculate was 84.62% (11/13); 92.31% (12/13); 92.31% (12/13) and 100% (14/14), respectively for protocols A, B, C and D protocols. Significant differences in motility, vigor and seminal volume were observed among the groups. The inhalation anesthetic protocol with isofluorane is thus efficient for semen collection in domestic cats by electroejaculation

Inseminação artificial em cadelas com sêmen a fresco com diluidores à base de água de coco

A inseminação artificial é uma importante ferramenta quando da impossibilidade do acasalamento entre casais de cães sadios. No entanto, para a inseminação com sêmen a fresco é necessário que se obtenha um volume mínimo inseminante. Os diluidores à base de água de coco aparecem como importante alternativa para inseminação artificial com sêmen a fresco. Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar os diluidores à base de água de coco na inseminação artificial em cães, comparando as taxas de parição, prolificidade e a proporção sexual das crias. Para tanto, foram utilizadas fêmeas das raças Rottweiler, American Pit Bull Terrier, Boxer e Labrador dividas em dois grupos aleatoriamente. No grupo 1, 68 cadelas foram inseminadas com diluidor à base água de coco, no grupo 2, 67 cadelas, foram inseminadas com diluidor à base de água de coco em pó. As taxas de parição obtidas foram de 97% (grupo 1) e 91% (grupo 2) e a prolificidade foi de 8,21 ± 0,38 (grupo 1) e 7,12 ± 0,43 (grupo 2), não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos para estes parâmetros. Já a proporção sexual obtida, foi de 66,30% (grupo 1) e 64,34% (grupo 2) de fêmeas, mostrando estes valores uma superioridade no numero de fêmeas quando comparada aos machos. Pode-se então concluir que os diluidores à base de água de coco apresentam-se como excelente alternativa para inseminação artificial em cadelas com sêmen a fresco, pois apresentam taxas de parição e prolificidade semelhantes à monta natural, além de favorecer o nascimento de um maior número de fêmeas em relação ao de machos por ninhada