Errata: Isolamento e caracterização de possível agente patogênico causador de mortalidade em imagos de Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 / Errata: Isolation and characterization of a possible pathogenic agent responsible for mortality in tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 / Errata: Aislamiento y caracterización del posible agente patógeno causante de mortalidad en imagos de Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802

O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar o patógeno causador de mortalidade em imagos de Rana catesbeiana, ocorrido no ranário experimental do Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp - Jaboticabal. Durante um surto de mortalidade, 20 imagos que apresentavam prostração, anorexia, pele ressecada e edemas cutâneos foram abatidos e submetidos ao procedimento padrão de necropsia. Foram assepticamente coletadas amostras de coração, figado, swab da cavidade abdominal e conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal, sendo posteriormente semeadas em meios de cultura seletivos para diferentes bactérias. Foi observado crescimento de colônias características de Escherichia coli em placas com meio seletivos EMB e Mac Conkey, as quais foram submetidas a séries bioquímicas para identificação e tipificação, que confirmaram se tratar de E. coli. Cepas obtidas a partir das colônias isoladas, foram semeadas em placas contendo ágar-sangue e apresentaram hemolise, o que caracteriza as bactérias como patogênicas, sendo assim a E.coli uma possível responsável pelo surto de mortalidade.

This study aimed isolating and characterizing the pathogen responsible for the mortality of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles that occurred in the Experimental Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil. During a mortality outbreak, twenty tadpoles presenting prostration, anorexia, and dried and swollen skin were killed and submitted to post-mortem examination. Heart, liver, abdominal cavity, and bowel samples were aseptically collected. The materials were plated onto a selective medium for different bacteria. Colonies characteristic of Escherichia coli were seen in dishes with EMB and Mac Conkey selective mediums. Biochemical series identified and characterized the presence of E. coli. Strains obtained from isolated colonies were plated onto Petri dishes with Blood Agar, resulting in hemolysis, which is a characteristic of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, E. coli could be ascribed as one of the responsible agents for the death outbreak.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo aislar y caracterizar el patógeno causante de mortalidad en imagos deRana catesbeiana, ocurrida en el ranario experimental del Centro de Acuicultura de la FCAV/UNESP-Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. Duranteun brote de mortalidad, 20 imagos que presentaban postración, anorexia, piel reseca y edemas cutáneos fueron abatidos y sometidos alos procedimientos estándar de necropsia. Fueron asépticamente colectadas muestras de corazón, hígado, hisopos de la cavidadabdominal y contenido del tracto gastrointestinal, siendo posteriormente sembradas en medios de cultivo selectivos para diferentesbacterias. Fue observado crecimiento de colonias características de Escherichia coli en las placas con medio selectivo EMB y McConkey, las cuáles fueron sometidas a series bioquímicas para la identificación y tipificación, que confirmaron que se trataba de E.coli. Las cepas obtenidas a partir de las colonias aisladas fueron sembradas en placas de Agar Sangre y presentaron hemólisis, lo quecaracteriza las bacterias como patogénicas. De esta forma, la E. coli es la posible responsable por el brote de mortalidad.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A POSSIBLE PATHOGENIC AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR MORTALITY IN TADPOLES OF Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 / ISOLAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE POSSÍVEL AGENTE PATOGÊNICO CAUSADOR DE MORTALIDADE EM IMAGOS DE Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802

This study aimed isolating and characterizing the pathogen responsible for the mortality of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles that occurred in the Experimental Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil. During a mortality outbreak, twenty tadpoles presenting prostration, anorexia, and dried and swollen skin were killed and submitted to post-mortem examination. Heart, liver, abdominal cavity, and bowel samples were aseptically collected. The materials were plated onto a selective medium for different bacteria. Colonies characteristic of Escherichia coli were seen in dishes with EMB and Mac Conkey selective mediums. Biochemical series identified and characterized the presence of E. coli. Strains obtained from isolated colonies were plated onto Petri dishes with Blood Agar, resulting in hemolysis, which is a characteristic of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, E. coli could be ascribed as one of the responsible agents for the death outbreak. KEY -WORDS: Rana catesbeiana. Escherichia coli. Mortality.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar o patógeno causador de mortalidade em imagos de Rana catesbeiana, ocorrido no ranário experimental do Centro de Aqüicultura da Unesp - Jaboticabal. Durante um surto de mortalidade, 20 imagos que apresentavam prostração, anorexia, pele ressecada e edemas cutâneos foram abatidos e submetidos ao procedimento padrão de necropsia. Foram assepticamente coletadas amostras de coração, fígado, swab da cavidade abdominal e conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal, sendo posteriormente semeadas em meios de cultura seletivos para diferentes bactérias. Foi observado crescimento de colônias características de Escherichia coli em placas com meio seletivos EMB e Mac Conkey, as quais foram submetidas a séries bioquímicas para identificação e tipificação, que confirmaram se tratar de E. coli. Cepas obtidas a partir das colônias isoladas, foram semeadas em placas contendo ágarsangue e apresentaram hemólise, o que caracteriza as bactérias como patogênicas, sendo assim a E .coli uma possível responsável pelo surto de mortalidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Rana catesbeiana. Escherichia coli. Mortalidade.

Ingredient classification according to the digestible amino acid profile: an exploratory analysis

This study aimed: 1) to classify ingredients according to the digestible amino acid (AA) profile; 2) to determine ingredients with AA profile closer to the ideal for broiler chickens; and 3) to compare digestible AA profiles from simulated diets with the ideal protein profile. The digestible AA levels of 30 ingredients were compiled from the literature and presented as percentages of lysine according to the ideal protein concept. Cluster and principal component analyses (exploratory analyses) were used to compose and describe groups of ingredients according to AA profiles. Four ingredient groups were identified by cluster analysis, and the classification of the ingredients within each of these groups was obtained from a principal component analysis, showing 11 classes of ingredients with similar digestible AA profiles. The ingredients with AA profiles closer to the ideal protein were meat and bone meal 45, fish meal 60 and wheat germ meal, all of them constituting Class 1; the ingredients from the other classes gradually diverged from the ideal protein. Soybean meal, which is the main protein source for poultry, showed good AA balance since it was included in Class 3. On the contrary, corn, which is the main energy source in poultry diets, was classified in Class 8. Dietary AA profiles were improved when corn and/or soybean meal were partially or totally replaced in the simulations by ingredients with better AA balance.

Ingredient classification according to the digestible amino acid profile: an exploratory analysis

This study aimed: 1) to classify ingredients according to the digestible amino acid (AA) profile; 2) to determine ingredients with AA profile closer to the ideal for broiler chickens; and 3) to compare digestible AA profiles from simulated diets with the ideal protein profile. The digestible AA levels of 30 ingredients were compiled from the literature and presented as percentages of lysine according to the ideal protein concept. Cluster and principal component analyses (exploratory analyses) were used to compose and describe groups of ingredients according to AA profiles. Four ingredient groups were identified by cluster analysis, and the classification of the ingredients within each of these groups was obtained from a principal component analysis, showing 11 classes of ingredients with similar digestible AA profiles. The ingredients with AA profiles closer to the ideal protein were meat and bone meal 45, fish meal 60 and wheat germ meal, all of them constituting Class 1; the ingredients from the other classes gradually diverged from the ideal protein. Soybean meal, which is the main protein source for poultry, showed good AA balance since it was included in Class 3. On the contrary, corn, which is the main energy source in poultry diets, was classified in Class 8. Dietary AA profiles were improved when corn and/or soybean meal were partially or totally replaced in the simulations by ingredients with better AA balance.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A POSSIBLE PATHOGENIC AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR MORTALITY IN TADPOLES OF Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802. / ISOLAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE POSSÍVEL AGENTE PATOGÊNICO CAUSADOR DE MORTALIDADE EM IMAGOS DE Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802.

This study aimed isolating and characterizing the pathogen responsible for the mortality of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles that occurred in the Experimental Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil. During a mortality outbreak, twenty tadpoles presenting prostration, anorexia, and dried and swollen skin were killed and submitted to post-mortem examination. Heart, liver, abdominal cavity, and bowel samples were aseptically collected. The materials were plated onto a selective medium for different bacteria. Colonies characteristic of Escherichia coli were seen in dishes with EMB and Mac Conkey selective mediums. Biochemical series identified and characterized the presence of E. coli. Strains obtained from isolated colonies were plated onto Petri dishes with Blood Agar, resulting in hemolysis, which is a characteristic of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, E. coli could be ascribed as one of the responsible agents for the death outbreak. KEY -WORDS: Rana catesbeiana. Escherichia coli. Mortality.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar o patógeno causador de mortalidade em imagos de Rana catesbeiana, ocorrido no ranário experimental do Centro de Aqüicultura da Unesp - Jaboticabal. Durante um surto de mortalidade, 20 imagos que apresentavam prostração, anorexia, pele ressecada e edemas cutâneos foram abatidos e submetidos ao procedimento padrão de necropsia. Foram assepticamente coletadas amostras de coração, fígado, swab da cavidade abdominal e conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal, sendo posteriormente semeadas em meios de cultura seletivos para diferentes bactérias. Foi observado crescimento de colônias características de Escherichia coli em placas com meio seletivos EMB e Mac Conkey, as quais foram submetidas a séries bioquímicas para identificação e tipificação, que confirmaram se tratar de E. coli. Cepas obtidas a partir das colônias isoladas, foram semeadas em placas contendo ágarsangue e apresentaram hemólise, o que caracteriza as bactérias como patogênicas, sendo assim a E .coli uma possível responsável pelo surto de mortalidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Rana catesbeiana. Escherichia coli. Mortalidade.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A POSSIBLE PATHOGENIC AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR MORTALITY IN TADPOLES OF Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802. / ISOLAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE POSSÍVEL AGENTE PATOGÊNICO CAUSADOR DE MORTALIDADE EM IMAGOS DE Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802.

This study aimed isolating and characterizing the pathogen responsible for the mortality of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles that occurred in the Experimental Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil. During a mortality outbreak, twenty tadpoles presenting prostration, anorexia, and dried and swollen skin were killed and submitted to post-mortem examination. Heart, liver, abdominal cavity, and bowel samples were aseptically collected. The materials were plated onto a selective medium for different bacteria. Colonies characteristic of Escherichia coli were seen in dishes with EMB and Mac Conkey selective mediums. Biochemical series identified and characterized the presence of E. coli. Strains obtained from isolated colonies were plated onto Petri dishes with Blood Agar, resulting in hemolysis, which is a characteristic of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, E. coli could be ascribed as one of the responsible agents for the death outbreak. KEY -WORDS: Rana catesbeiana. Escherichia coli. Mortality.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e caracterizar o patógeno causador de mortalidade em imagos de Rana catesbeiana, ocorrido no ranário experimental do Centro de Aqüicultura da Unesp - Jaboticabal. Durante um surto de mortalidade, 20 imagos que apresentavam prostração, anorexia, pele ressecada e edemas cutâneos foram abatidos e submetidos ao procedimento padrão de necropsia. Foram assepticamente coletadas amostras de coração, fígado, swab da cavidade abdominal e conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal, sendo posteriormente semeadas em meios de cultura seletivos para diferentes bactérias. Foi observado crescimento de colônias características de Escherichia coli em placas com meio seletivos EMB e Mac Conkey, as quais foram submetidas a séries bioquímicas para identificação e tipificação, que confirmaram se tratar de E. coli. Cepas obtidas a partir das colônias isoladas, foram semeadas em placas contendo ágarsangue e apresentaram hemólise, o que caracteriza as bactérias como patogênicas, sendo assim a E .coli uma possível responsável pelo surto de mortalidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Rana catesbeiana. Escherichia coli. Mortalidade.