Effect of doses and administration routes of 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum / Efeito das doses e vias de administração da vacina 9R na proteção de codornas japonesas contra infeccção experimental com Salmonella Gallinarum

Coturniculture has increased significantly in the last decades. There are several pathogens that can affect these birds. Among the diseases, fowl typhoid stands out as a disease with a potentially great impact to the poultry industry. The objective of this the study was to evaluate the effect of doses and administration routes of live 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Two hundred and fifty birds were used, divided into five groups: G1, oral vaccination with one dose; G2, oral vaccination with 2 doses; G3, subcutaneous vaccination with one dose; G4, subcutaneous vaccination with two doses and G5 not vaccinated. All birds from all five groups were challenged with SG at an age of 45 days. SG was quantified in the periods of one, four, seven and twelve days after the challenge. The presence of clinical signs and macroscopic lesions of the disease were observed. The groups vaccinated by subcutaneous route had a higher egg production and lower mortality rate. Birds receiving a dose of the vaccine by subcutaneous route also showed lower amount of SG in the liver and spleen seven days after the challenge.(AU)

A coturnicultura tem aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas. Existem vários patógenos que podem afetar essas aves. Entre as doenças, o tifo aviário se destaca como uma doença de grande impacto para a indústria avícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses e vias de administração da vacina viva 9R na proteção de codornas japonesas contra infecção experimental por Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Foram utilizadas duzentos e cinquenta aves, divididas em cinco grupos: G1, vacinação oral com uma dose; G2, vacinação oral com 2 doses; G3, vacinação subcutânea com uma dose; G4, vacinação subcutânea com duas doses e G5 não vacinado. Todas as aves dos cinco grupos foram desafiadas com SG aos 45 dias de idade. A SG foi quantificada nos períodos de um, quatro, sete e doze dias após o desafio. Foi observada a presença de sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas da doença. Os grupos vacinados por via subcutânea apresentaram maior produção de ovos e menor taxa de mortalidade. Aves recebendo uma dose da vacina por via subcutânea também apresentaram menor quantidade de SG no fígado e baço sete dias após o desafio.(AU)

Effect of doses and administration routes of 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum / Efeito das doses e vias de administração da vacina 9R na proteção de codornas japonesas contra infeccção experimental com Salmonella Gallinarum

Coturniculture has increased significantly in the last decades. There are several pathogens that can affect these birds. Among the diseases, fowl typhoid stands out as a disease with a potentially great impact to the poultry industry. The objective of this the study was to evaluate the effect of doses and administration routes of live 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Two hundred and fifty birds were used, divided into five groups: G1, oral vaccination with one dose; G2, oral vaccination with 2 doses; G3, subcutaneous vaccination with one dose; G4, subcutaneous vaccination with two doses and G5 not vaccinated. All birds from all five groups were challenged with SG at an age of 45 days. SG was quantified in the periods of one, four, seven and twelve days after the challenge. The presence of clinical signs and macroscopic lesions of the disease were observed. The groups vaccinated by subcutaneous route had a higher egg production and lower mortality rate. Birds receiving a dose of the vaccine by subcutaneous route also showed lower amount of SG in the liver and spleen seven days after the challenge.(AU)

A coturnicultura tem aumentado significativamente nas últimas décadas. Existem vários patógenos que podem afetar essas aves. Entre as doenças, o tifo aviário se destaca como uma doença de grande impacto para a indústria avícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses e vias de administração da vacina viva 9R na proteção de codornas japonesas contra infecção experimental por Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Foram utilizadas duzentos e cinquenta aves, divididas em cinco grupos: G1, vacinação oral com uma dose; G2, vacinação oral com 2 doses; G3, vacinação subcutânea com uma dose; G4, vacinação subcutânea com duas doses e G5 não vacinado. Todas as aves dos cinco grupos foram desafiadas com SG aos 45 dias de idade. A SG foi quantificada nos períodos de um, quatro, sete e doze dias após o desafio. Foi observada a presença de sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas da doença. Os grupos vacinados por via subcutânea apresentaram maior produção de ovos e menor taxa de mortalidade. Aves recebendo uma dose da vacina por via subcutânea também apresentaram menor quantidade de SG no fígado e baço sete dias após o desafio.(AU)

Evaluation of a Probiotic and a Competitive Exclusion Product Inoculated In Ovo on Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg

The present study evaluated a probiotic and a competitive exclusion product injected in ovo on day 18 of incubation together with Marek's disease vaccine in eggs of 56-week-old broiler breeders. Three experiments were carried out. The first trial evaluated the effect of treatments on hatchability, cecal colonization of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH), and intestinal mucosa immunity (immunoglobulin A levels in the intestinal fluid). The second trial evaluated the viability of the microorganisms in the products inoculated in a solution containing diluent and Marek's disease vaccine. The third trial evaluated the colonization of the cecal microbiota in non-challenged chickens during first four days of life by culturing cecal samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hatchability was not affected by the treatments. SH cecal counts were reduced in three-day-old broilers inoculated in ovo with the competitive exclusion product. Liver and spleen pool SH counts were not different among treatments. Broilers inoculated in ovo presented higher intestinal IgA titers 24 hours after SH challenge compared with the controls. When birds were not challenged, lower cecal microbial counts in aerobic culture were determined in the control group than in the probiotic group on day 3, and in the competitive exclusion group on day 2 when cultured in anaerobiosis. The products inoculated and diluted in the vaccine solution were viable at all analyzed periods when cultured in anaerobiosis. The results of this study suggest in-ovo inoculation is an effective route for the administration of the evaluated products, which effectively enhanced the broilers' immune response to a SH challenge, as shown by the increase in IgA titers, and the reduction in cecal Salmonella Heidelberg colonization with the in-ovo inoculation with the competitive exclusion product.(AU)

Evaluation of a Probiotic and a Competitive Exclusion Product Inoculated In Ovo on Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg

The present study evaluated a probiotic and a competitive exclusion product injected in ovo on day 18 of incubation together with Marek's disease vaccine in eggs of 56-week-old broiler breeders. Three experiments were carried out. The first trial evaluated the effect of treatments on hatchability, cecal colonization of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH), and intestinal mucosa immunity (immunoglobulin A levels in the intestinal fluid). The second trial evaluated the viability of the microorganisms in the products inoculated in a solution containing diluent and Marek's disease vaccine. The third trial evaluated the colonization of the cecal microbiota in non-challenged chickens during first four days of life by culturing cecal samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hatchability was not affected by the treatments. SH cecal counts were reduced in three-day-old broilers inoculated in ovo with the competitive exclusion product. Liver and spleen pool SH counts were not different among treatments. Broilers inoculated in ovo presented higher intestinal IgA titers 24 hours after SH challenge compared with the controls. When birds were not challenged, lower cecal microbial counts in aerobic culture were determined in the control group than in the probiotic group on day 3, and in the competitive exclusion group on day 2 when cultured in anaerobiosis. The products inoculated and diluted in the vaccine solution were viable at all analyzed periods when cultured in anaerobiosis. The results of this study suggest in-ovo inoculation is an effective route for the administration of the evaluated products, which effectively enhanced the broilers' immune response to a SH challenge, as shown by the increase in IgA titers, and the reduction in cecal Salmonella Heidelberg colonization with the in-ovo inoculation with the competitive exclusion product.