Capital femoral physeal dysplasia in cats submited to ostectomy of the femoral head and neck / Displasia femoral capital em felinos submetidos a ostectomia da cabeça e colo femoral

This report described pathological fracture of the femoral head (physeal dysplasia) in four male cats (three mixed breed and one Bengal), with an average age of 16 months, treated by an ostectomy of the femoral head and neck. Three cats were neutered and one entire. All presented with mild intermittent lameness in the pelvic limbs. Displacement of the femoral epiphysis and resorption of the femoral neck were present and excision of the femoral head and remaining neck was performed in all cases. Hstological examination showed mild foci of compaction and trabecular fibrosis with deposition of fibrous connective tissue, permeated by granulation tissues, consistent with the original diagosis. Limb function improved in all patients from 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. Diagnosis of physeal dysplasia is challenging and treatment is different from acute traumatic fractures. Femoral head and neck excision was considered a good alternative in these patients.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve a fratura patológica da cabeça do femur (displasia fiseal) em quatro machos (três raças mistas e um Bengal), com idade média de 16 meses, que foram tratados com ostectomia da cabeça e colo femorais. Três gatos eram castrados e um inteiro. Todos apresentaram leve claudicação intermitente nos membros pélvicos. O deslocamento da epífise femoral e a reabsorção do colo femoral estavam presentes, a excisão da cabeça e colo femoral foi realizada em todos os casos. O exame histológico mostrou focos de compacteção e fibrose trabecular com deposição de tecido conjuntivo fibroso, permeado por tecidos de granulação, consistentes com o suposto diagnóstico. A função dos membros melhorou em todos os paciente entre dois a quatro semanas pós-operatório. O diagnóstico da displasia fiseal pe desafiador e o tratamento é diferente das fraturas traumáticas agudas. A excisão de cabeça e colo femoral é considerada uma boa alternativa nesses pacientes.(AU)

Integration of heterologous bone matrix associated with polymethylmethacrylate in induced tibial bone defects. An experimental study in rabbits

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze and compare the reactions at the interface between the composite, composed of fragmented heterologous mineralized bone matrix (MOMHF) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and the rabbit's tibias, through macroscopic evaluation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in different periods. Methods In this study, 12 New Zealand adult rabbits were used (E1: n = 3, E2: n = 3, E3: n = 3 and E4: n = 3). They had the right tibial defects filled with composite and were evaluated immediately after surgery and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Results The composites were incorporated and integrated into the recipient beds in 100% of the cases, defined by the MOMHF osseointegration and the PMMA fibrointegration, with no sign of infection, migration, or rejection. Conclusions The behavior of the composites in the recipient beds demonstrates that these biomaterials have the potential to be used in bone defect repairs, offering, thus, better quality of life to the orthopedic patient.

Abscesso abdominal pós-castração em equino: relato de caso / Post-castration abdominal abscess in horses: case report

A castração é o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado na prática da medicina equina, mesmo com os contínuos avanços ainda são comuns complicações no pós-operatório. A funiculite é um exemplo de complicação, embora infrequente é possível a ascensão do processo infeccioso do cordão espermático para o abdômen resultando em quadros de peritonite ou formação de abscessos. Descreve-se um caso de formação de abscesso abdominal após realização de orquiectomia a campo. O equino foi atendido com claudicação do membro pélvico direito e histórico de castração há oito meses. Ao exame físico, foi observado aumento de volume sobre o anel inguinal externo direito, á palpação transretal e avaliação ultrassonográfica foi notado a presença de massa firme de aproximadamente 15 centímetros de diâmetro sobre o anel inguinal interno direito. O animal foi medicado com antibiótico de amplo espectro, também foi instituída compressa com água morna e aplicação tópica de pomada rubefaciente. Após cinco dias de terapia, houve drenagem de conteúdo purulento espontâneo por fístula que foi ampliada manualmente para a realização de curativos diários com solução antisséptica. Após 30 dias do início da terapia houve completa regressão do aumento de volume abdominal e cicatrização da ferida. Dez meses após a alta, o animal não tinha qualquer sinal de claudicação ou aumento de volume na região inguinal e voltou às atividades físicas normais.(AU)

Castration is the most common surgery performed in the practice of equine medicine, even with continuous advances complications are still common after surgery. The funiculitis is an example of complication, although infrequent is possible the rise of the spermatic cord infection to the abdomen resulting in peritonitis or abscess formation. We report a case of abdominal abscess formation after orchiectomy undergoing in the field. The horse was referred with claudication of the right hindlimb and castration history of eight months ago. On physical examination an increased volume was observed on the right external inguinal ring, on transrectal palpation and ultrasonography were noted the presence of solid mass of approximately 15 cm diameter on the right internal inguinal ring. The animal was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotic, it was also established compress with warm water and topical rubefacient ointment. After five days of treatment, there was spontaneous drainage of purulent content from a fistula which was manually extended to perform daily dressings with antiseptic solution. After 30 days of onset of therapy there was complete regression of abdominal swelling and wound healing. Ten months after discharge the animal had no lameness signal or swelling in the inguinal region and back to normal physical activities.(AU)

Effects of dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost on intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in healthy dogs / Efeitos da dorzolamida/timolol e da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular e o diâmetro pupilar em cães saudáveis

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol with those of tafluprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs (n=10). Two experiments were conducted with an interval of 30 days. In both, IOP and PD were assessed at 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20h. Parameters were evaluated during baseline, treatment period of four days, and one day of post-treatment. During treatment phase, IOP decreased by 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), and 3.10mmHg (P 0.01), in dorzolamide/timolol-treated eyes; and by 1.50, 2.18, 2.14, and 2.18mmHg (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. PD decreased by 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001), and 0.40mm (P 0.001), in dorzolamide/timolol treated eyes; and by 2.31, 2.55, 2.43, and 2.70mm (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. Dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost were able to decrease IOP and PD in healthy dogs. However, a cumulative effect of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol was more effective in reducing IOP, than tafluprost. Comparisons between treatments showed that tafluprost was more effective in reducing PD throughout the treatment phase.

O estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar os efeitos da combinação fixa da dorzolamida/timolol com os da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular (PIO) e o diâmetro pupilar (DP) em cães saudáveis (n=10). Dois experimentos com intervalo de 30 dias foram conduzidos. Em ambos, a PIO e o DP foram avaliados às 8, 11, 14, 17 e às 20h. Os parâmetros foram avaliados durante a fases basal, um período de tratamento de quatro dias, e um dia de pós-tratamento. Durante a fase de tratamento, a PIO dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), e 3.10mmHg (P 0.01); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 1.50, 2.18, 2.14 e 2.18mmHg (P 0.001). O DP dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001) e 0.40mm (P 0.001); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 2.31, 2.55, 2.43 e 2.70mm (P 0.001). A dorzolamida/timol e a tafluprosta foram capazes de reduzir a PIO e o DP em cães saudáveis. Porém, efeito cumulativo do tratamento com dorzolamida/timolol foi observado, decorridos três dias de tratamento. Por essa razão, a dorzolamida/timolol foi mais efetiva que a tafluprosta na redução da PIO. Comparações entre os tratamentos demonstraram que a tafluprosta foi mais efetiva em reduzir o DP, durante toda a fase de tratamento.

Effects of dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost on intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in healthy dogs / Efeitos da dorzolamida/timolol e da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular e o diâmetro pupilar em cães saudáveis

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol with those of tafluprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs (n=10). Two experiments were conducted with an interval of 30 days. In both, IOP and PD were assessed at 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20h. Parameters were evaluated during baseline, treatment period of four days, and one day of post-treatment. During treatment phase, IOP decreased by 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), and 3.10mmHg (P 0.01), in dorzolamide/timolol-treated eyes; and by 1.50, 2.18, 2.14, and 2.18mmHg (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. PD decreased by 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001), and 0.40mm (P 0.001), in dorzolamide/timolol treated eyes; and by 2.31, 2.55, 2.43, and 2.70mm (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. Dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost were able to decrease IOP and PD in healthy dogs. However, a cumulative effect of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol was more effective in reducing IOP, than tafluprost. Comparisons between treatments showed that tafluprost was more effective in reducing PD throughout the treatment phase.(AU)

O estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar os efeitos da combinação fixa da dorzolamida/timolol com os da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular (PIO) e o diâmetro pupilar (DP) em cães saudáveis (n=10). Dois experimentos com intervalo de 30 dias foram conduzidos. Em ambos, a PIO e o DP foram avaliados às 8, 11, 14, 17 e às 20h. Os parâmetros foram avaliados durante a fases basal, um período de tratamento de quatro dias, e um dia de pós-tratamento. Durante a fase de tratamento, a PIO dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), e 3.10mmHg (P 0.01); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 1.50, 2.18, 2.14 e 2.18mmHg (P 0.001). O DP dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001) e 0.40mm (P 0.001); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 2.31, 2.55, 2.43 e 2.70mm (P 0.001). A dorzolamida/timol e a tafluprosta foram capazes de reduzir a PIO e o DP em cães saudáveis. Porém, efeito cumulativo do tratamento com dorzolamida/timolol foi observado, decorridos três dias de tratamento. Por essa razão, a dorzolamida/timolol foi mais efetiva que a tafluprosta na redução da PIO. Comparações entre os tratamentos demonstraram que a tafluprosta foi mais efetiva em reduzir o DP, durante toda a fase de tratamento.(AU)

Effects of 1% topical brinzolamide on intraocular pressure in healthy dogs

Background: Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs, and is generally characterized by death of the retinal ganglion cells associated with a rapid loss of vision. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) occurs in patients with primary glaucoma, due to genetic abnormalities in pectinal ligaments and the trabeculae of the iridocorneal angle, producing inadequate drainage of aqueous humor. IOP is the result of the dynamic equilibrium between the production and drainage of aqueous humor. Intraocular surgery, anterior lens luxation, systemic diseases, immune-mediated, neoplastic and infectious diseases lead to the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and increase the amount of protein and cells in aqueous humor, which can block this drainage pathway. Under these conditions, becomes indispensable the pharmacological control of IOP by reducing aqueous humor production. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of topical 1% brinzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in twelve healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: The age range of affected dogs was 1-5 years, with a mean age of 2.5 years. Twelve dogs were included in this study. All animals were healthy based on clinical, ophthalmic and hematological examinations. Selected animals were kept in a room with 500 lux luminosity, 56.8% relative humidity, 20C temperature, exposed to [...](AU)

Effects of 1% topical brinzolamide on intraocular pressure in healthy dogs

Background: Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs, and is generally characterized by death of the retinal ganglion cells associated with a rapid loss of vision. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) occurs in patients with primary glaucoma, due to genetic abnormalities in pectinal ligaments and the trabeculae of the iridocorneal angle, producing inadequate drainage of aqueous humor. IOP is the result of the dynamic equilibrium between the production and drainage of aqueous humor. Intraocular surgery, anterior lens luxation, systemic diseases, immune-mediated, neoplastic and infectious diseases lead to the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and increase the amount of protein and cells in aqueous humor, which can block this drainage pathway. Under these conditions, becomes indispensable the pharmacological control of IOP by reducing aqueous humor production. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of topical 1% brinzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in twelve healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: The age range of affected dogs was 1-5 years, with a mean age of 2.5 years. Twelve dogs were included in this study. All animals were healthy based on clinical, ophthalmic and hematological examinations. Selected animals were kept in a room with 500 lux luminosity, 56.8% relative humidity, 20C temperature, exposed to [...]

Artrodese parcial tarsometatársica com uso de fixador esquéletico externo circular em cão / Tarsometatarsal Partial Arthrodesis with Use of Circular Skeletal Fixator on a Dog

Background: Trauma to the canine foot may result in injury to soft tissue or bone or both. Foot injury often results in fractures and joint instability because of disruption to carpal or tarsal ligaments. Several fixation methods have been described for stabilizing tarsometatarsal arthrodesis. The aim of this paper is to report the case of a unilateral tarsometatarsal arthrodesis with use of circular skeletal fixator on the left pelvic limb of a dog. Case: A 5-year-old intact male dog weighting 25 kg was referred to the veterinary hospital with a left tarsal degloving injury. The previous history revealed that the dog had been bitten by another dog seven days prior to the referral. On physical exam it had swelling and severe pain on the left foot, crepitus of the intertarsal/tarsometatarsal region, instability, bone exposure and myiasis larvae on the wound. The dog was non-weight-bearing on the affected limb. No other abnormalities were found. Radiographs revealed it to be an open fracture of the left tarsal distal line with tarsometatarsal luxation. Adherent dressings were changed for seven days to minimize the contamination before surgery. The dog was treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a circular skeletal fixator. After general anesthesia was induced, a lateral approach to the tarsometatarsal joint was made. The tarsometatarsal joint then was exposed. Articular cartilage was removed with a pneumatic burr. Manual reduction was performed. There were placed two rings proximal to the fracture and one distal with Kirschner wires were angled 45° between them through the bone. One of them was a semi-ring in the shape of a horseshoe. The 1,5 mm Kirschner wires were tensioned by a dynamometer loaded at 30 kg. For wound closure a free skin graft from the thorax was used. Articular anchylosis was reached in three months but the implant removal was posterior to that time due to the owner's choice. Discussion: Traumatic injury is the most important cause for fracture and instability of the tarsometatarsal joint and was the cause of injury for this case. Partial arthrodesis is considered the treatment of choice for tarsal instabilities with ligament disruption. Implant problems following union can complicate arthrodeses stabilized with internal fixation, and they may require a second surgery for implant removal. In this case the size of the rings conformed well to the proximal tarsus, and allowed sufficient space for wire placement in the metatarsal bones and did not interfere with ambulation. The dog recovered good limb function soon after the surgery and articular anchylosis was reached within three months as expected. In a study three of ten dogs undergoing tarsometatarsal arthrodesis due to continued lameness after bony union, using a laterally applied plate required a second surgery for implant removal. Implant failure is a common complication of tarsocrural and tarsometatarsal arthrodeses stabilized with bone screws, Steinmann pins or plate fi xation. Tarsometatarsal partial arthrodesis with use of circular skeletal fixator is a proper option for contaminated wounds without enough skin for closure. The limiting factor is the surgeon experience for this choice of fixation, material availability and the owner's commitment with the treatment.