Resumo
In forest remnants of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, there is abundance of the liana species, with little studied reproductive structures, morphologically and anatomically. Among these species occurs Dalechampia stipulacea Müll. Arg., which is the object of the present study. It is a Euphorbiaceae with pseudanthium and trichomes that cause irritation of the skin. The fruits and seeds were fixed and cut freehand and in a rotation microtome, according to the usual techniques. The fruit is a schizocarp tricocca with loculicidal and septicidal dehiscence. The mature pericarp presents sclerenchymatous middle mesocarp and endocarp that originate from meristems installed in the ovary mesophyll and epidermis. The inner mesocarp is constituted by a layer of macrosclereids of subepidermic origin. The seed originates from anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucelate ovule; it is exotegmic and albuminous. The seed presents structural characteristics verified in Acalyphoideae, except for the mesotegmen vascularization
Resumo
In forest remnants of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, there is abundance of the liana species, with little studied reproductive structures, morphologically and anatomically. Among these species occurs Dalechampia stipulacea Müll. Arg., which is the object of the present study. It is a Euphorbiaceae with pseudanthium and trichomes that cause irritation of the skin. The fruits and seeds were fixed and cut freehand and in a rotation microtome, according to the usual techniques. The fruit is a schizocarp tricocca with loculicidal and septicidal dehiscence. The mature pericarp presents sclerenchymatous middle mesocarp and endocarp that originate from meristems installed in the ovary mesophyll and epidermis. The inner mesocarp is constituted by a layer of macrosclereids of subepidermic origin. The seed originates from anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucelate ovule; it is exotegmic and albuminous. The seed presents structural characteristics verified in Acalyphoideae, except for the mesotegmen vascularization
Resumo
The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases in an outdoor pig herd in the South-western region of Paraná, Brazil, from October 1996 to June 1999. A total of 969 animals were examined. All infections observed were registered. All animals found dead within the period of study and one piglet of each litter sacrified on the 28th post weaning day were autopsied. Blood samples were collected for Aujeszky, parvovirus, leptospirosis and brucellosis serological tests. Faecal samples from piglets with diarrhoea were taken for bacteriological tests. Crushing was the main cause of outdoor suckling piglets mortality. The prevalence of infectious diseases was not high. The most frequent occurrence in suckling piglets was diarrhoea. The pneumonia index in the herd raised outdoors was low. There was no occurrence of reproductive infectious diseases.
O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a prevalência de doenças infecciosas em rebanho de suínos criados ao ar livre na região sudoeste do Paraná, no período de outubro de 1996 a junho de 1999. Foram examinados um total de 969 animais. Todas as ocorrências de enfermidades observadas nos animais foram registradas. Os animais mortos no período, além de um leitão por lote, sacrificado aos 28 dias pós-desmame, foram necropsiados. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização de exames sorológicos para Aujeszky, parvovirose, leptospirose e brucelose. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes dos leitões com diarréia para realização de exames bacteriológicos. A principal causa de mortalidade em leitões lactentes criados ao ar livre foi o esmagamento. A prevalência de doenças infecciosas não foi elevada. A ocorrência mais freqüente foi diarréia em leitões lactentes. O índice de pneumonia no rebanho de suínos criados ao ar livre foi baixo. Não houve ocorrência de doenças infecciosas da reprodução.
Resumo
The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases in an outdoor pig herd in the South-western region of Paraná, Brazil, from October 1996 to June 1999. A total of 969 animals were examined. All infections observed were registered. All animals found dead within the period of study and one piglet of each litter sacrified on the 28th post weaning day were autopsied. Blood samples were collected for Aujeszky, parvovirus, leptospirosis and brucellosis serological tests. Faecal samples from piglets with diarrhoea were taken for bacteriological tests. Crushing was the main cause of outdoor suckling piglets mortality. The prevalence of infectious diseases was not high. The most frequent occurrence in suckling piglets was diarrhoea. The pneumonia index in the herd raised outdoors was low. There was no occurrence of reproductive infectious diseases.
O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a prevalência de doenças infecciosas em rebanho de suínos criados ao ar livre na região sudoeste do Paraná, no período de outubro de 1996 a junho de 1999. Foram examinados um total de 969 animais. Todas as ocorrências de enfermidades observadas nos animais foram registradas. Os animais mortos no período, além de um leitão por lote, sacrificado aos 28 dias pós-desmame, foram necropsiados. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização de exames sorológicos para Aujeszky, parvovirose, leptospirose e brucelose. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes dos leitões com diarréia para realização de exames bacteriológicos. A principal causa de mortalidade em leitões lactentes criados ao ar livre foi o esmagamento. A prevalência de doenças infecciosas não foi elevada. A ocorrência mais freqüente foi diarréia em leitões lactentes. O índice de pneumonia no rebanho de suínos criados ao ar livre foi baixo. Não houve ocorrência de doenças infecciosas da reprodução.