Validação do processo de manipulação de fórmulas lácteas com uso de água estéril em uma maternidade do município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Validation of the manipulation process of milk formulas using sterile water in a maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ

O processo de manipulação no lactário, com posterior armazenamento e transporte, envolve riscos, pois o tempo entre o preparo e o consumo, pode propiciar o crescimento de bactérias patogênicas. O preparo e a manipulação de fórmulas lácteas para neonatos e lactentes deve seguir uma série de precauções para evitar contaminação da fórmula e consequente desfecho negativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o processo de produção de fórmulas lácteas utilizando água estéril, através da análise microbiológica em diferentes momentos do preparo, a fim de garantir uma alimentação segura e de qualidade para os lactentes. A pesquisa foi realizada no lactário de um hospital maternidade por análises microbiológicas de amostras das fórmulas lácteas infantis preparadas com água estéril em diferentes dias, por meio de etapas distintas. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as amostras se encontravam de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira vigente, estando aptas para o consumo humano, comprovando os adequados processos de refrigeração, aquecimento e distribuição. Após a revisão dos Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados implementou-se um treinamento de educação continuada sobre todas as atividades executadas no lactário, que se estendeu às técnicas de enfermagem, responsáveis pela oferta e monitoramento do tempo de exposição da fórmula em temperatura ambiente, desde o recebimento até a distribuição. É notável a importância do correto processamento e manipulação das fórmulas para prevenir surtos infecciosos e garantir a proteção à saúde infantil, evidenciando que as etapas do processo implementado no presente estudo foram eficazes e podem ser adotadas como rotina diária no lactário.(AU)

The handling process in the dairy, with subsequent storage and transport, involves risks, as the time between preparation and consumption can encourage the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The preparation and handling of infant formulas for neonates and infants must follow a series of precautions to avoid contamination of the formula and consequent negative outcome. The objective of this study was to validate the production process of milk formulas using sterile water, through microbiological analysis at different times of preparation, in order to guarantee safe and quality food for infants. The research was carried out in the lactary of a maternity hospital through microbiological analyzes of samples of infant milk formulas prepared with sterile water on different days, through different steps. The results showed that all samples were in accordance with the standards established by the current Brazilian legislation, being suitable for human consumption, proving the adequate processes of refrigeration, heating and distribution. After reviewing the Standard Operating Procedures, continuing education training was implemented on all activities carried out in the dairy, which was extended to the nursing technicians, responsible for offering and monitoring the exposure time of the formula at room temperature, from receipt to the distribution. The importance of correct processing and manipulation of formulas to prevent infectious outbreaks and ensure the protection of child health is noteworthy, showing that the steps of the process implemented in the present study were effective and can be adopted as a daily routine in the dairy.(AU)

Utilização da fisioterapia na reabilitação de bezerro com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular: relato de caso / Use of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation of calves with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis: case report / Uso de la fisioterapia en la rehabilitación de un ternero con poliartritis y parisia neuromuscular: reporte de caso

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

Social play of wild black-tufted-marmosets in the forest

Locomotion can affect the performance (amount) of play behavior in marmosets due to high metabolic costs for primates. In addition, climatic conditions are known to limit the daily activities of marmosets. This study investigates the behavior of social play in wild marmosets and somelimitations related to locomotion activities, daily travel and the seasonality of play. Two wild groups were observed with the focal method during the dry and wet seasons and all occurrences of play and locomotion were recorded. Adults played significantly less than juveniles, which played more than infants, and infants, more than the adults did. The reproductive couples played minimally. There was not a relationship between the distance traveled and the mean frequency of play. Nevertheless, all the age categories played significantly more in the wet season than the dry season. The independence to move and forage can explain higher play behavior of juveniles in relation to the infants. The adults and the reproductive couples, have higher energy costs in the group activities, such reproduction, compared to other ageclass, limiting their amount of play in relation to the juveniles and infants. We conclude that play behavior of juveniles black-tufted marmosets, does could not be impacted by daily locomotion unequivocally, but adults and infants, otherwise, are limited by other energetic costs and dependence to locomotion, respectively.(AU)

Social play of wild black-tufted-marmosets in the forest

Locomotion can affect the performance (amount) of play behavior in marmosets due to high metabolic costs for primates. In addition, climatic conditions are known to limit the daily activities of marmosets. This study investigates the behavior of social play in wild marmosets and somelimitations related to locomotion activities, daily travel and the seasonality of play. Two wild groups were observed with the focal method during the dry and wet seasons and all occurrences of play and locomotion were recorded. Adults played significantly less than juveniles, which played more than infants, and infants, more than the adults did. The reproductive couples played minimally. There was not a relationship between the distance traveled and the mean frequency of play. Nevertheless, all the age categories played significantly more in the wet season than the dry season. The independence to move and forage can explain higher play behavior of juveniles in relation to the infants. The adults and the reproductive couples, have higher energy costs in the group activities, such reproduction, compared to other ageclass, limiting their amount of play in relation to the juveniles and infants. We conclude that play behavior of juveniles black-tufted marmosets, does could not be impacted by daily locomotion unequivocally, but adults and infants, otherwise, are limited by other energetic costs and dependence to locomotion, respectively.

Analysis of hemodialysis water quality from 2008 to 2016 in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Análise da qualidade da água de hemodiálise durante o período de 2008 a 2016 em Minas Gerais, Brasil

Water quality requirements for hemodialysis are crucial for preventing health risks for renal patients. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of the water used for hemodialysis treatments in the state of Minas Gerais. The analytical results for 25 parameters in 1056 hemodialysis water samples from 89 renal dialysis units were analyzed. Data were obtained through the Minas Gerais Hemodialysis Unit Quality Monitoring Programme between July 2008 and December 2016. The effects of the Programme on patient health protection were assessed by evaluating compliance with legal limits and the efficacy of implementing inspections from 2012. Considering the 1056 samples analyzed, 264 (25%) presented at least one parameter in disagreement with current legislation. Conductivity (9.8%), endotoxin (6.9%), fluoride (4.2%) and heterotrophic bacteria (2.2%) were the most critical parameters. Nevertheless, the concentrations of all these parameters (except fluoride) decreased after implementing inspections. The average levels of 15 parameters decreased throughout the study period. The annual percentage of non-compliance decreased from 44% in 2008 to 23% in 2016. It was verified the relevance of the implementation of the Program in the prevention of possible disorders to the patients’ health, indicating the importance of its continuity.

Os requisitos de qualidade da água para a hemodiálise são cruciais para prevenir riscos à saúde de pacientes renais. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade da água utilizada nos tratamentos de hemodiálise em Minas Gerais. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Programa de Monitoramento da Qualidade dos Serviços de Hemodiálise do Estado entre julho de 2008 e dezembro de 2016. Os resultados analíticos para 25 parâmetros em 1056 amostras de água em hemodiálise de 89 unidades renais foram analisados. Os efeitos do Programa na saúde dos pacientes foram avaliados através da conformidade dos limites legais e da eficácia da implementação de inspeções a partir de 2012. Considerando-se as 1056 amostras analisadas, 264 (25%) apresentaram pelo menos um parâmetro em desacordo com a legislação vigente. Condutividade, endotoxina, fluoreto e bactérias heterotróficas foram os parâmetros mais críticos. No entanto, as concentrações de todos esses parâmetros (exceto flúor) diminuíram após a implementação das inspeções. Os níveis médios de 15 parâmetros diminuíram ao longo do período do estudo. O percentual anual de não conformidade diminuiu de 44% (2008) para 23% (2016). Verificou-se a relevância da implantação do Programa na prevenção de possíveis transtornos à saúde dos pacientes, indicando a importância de sua continuidade.

Analysis of hemodialysis water quality from 2008 to 2016 in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Análise da qualidade da água de hemodiálise durante o período de 2008 a 2016 em Minas Gerais, Brasil

Water quality requirements for hemodialysis are crucial for preventing health risks for renal patients. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of the water used for hemodialysis treatments in the state of Minas Gerais. The analytical results for 25 parameters in 1056 hemodialysis water samples from 89 renal dialysis units were analyzed. Data were obtained through the Minas Gerais Hemodialysis Unit Quality Monitoring Programme between July 2008 and December 2016. The effects of the Programme on patient health protection were assessed by evaluating compliance with legal limits and the efficacy of implementing inspections from 2012. Considering the 1056 samples analyzed, 264 (25%) presented at least one parameter in disagreement with current legislation. Conductivity (9.8%), endotoxin (6.9%), fluoride (4.2%) and heterotrophic bacteria (2.2%) were the most critical parameters. Nevertheless, the concentrations of all these parameters (except fluoride) decreased after implementing inspections. The average levels of 15 parameters decreased throughout the study period. The annual percentage of non-compliance decreased from 44% in 2008 to 23% in 2016. It was verified the relevance of the implementation of the Program in the prevention of possible disorders to the patients health, indicating the importance of its continuity.(AU)

Os requisitos de qualidade da água para a hemodiálise são cruciais para prevenir riscos à saúde de pacientes renais. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade da água utilizada nos tratamentos de hemodiálise em Minas Gerais. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Programa de Monitoramento da Qualidade dos Serviços de Hemodiálise do Estado entre julho de 2008 e dezembro de 2016. Os resultados analíticos para 25 parâmetros em 1056 amostras de água em hemodiálise de 89 unidades renais foram analisados. Os efeitos do Programa na saúde dos pacientes foram avaliados através da conformidade dos limites legais e da eficácia da implementação de inspeções a partir de 2012. Considerando-se as 1056 amostras analisadas, 264 (25%) apresentaram pelo menos um parâmetro em desacordo com a legislação vigente. Condutividade, endotoxina, fluoreto e bactérias heterotróficas foram os parâmetros mais críticos. No entanto, as concentrações de todos esses parâmetros (exceto flúor) diminuíram após a implementação das inspeções. Os níveis médios de 15 parâmetros diminuíram ao longo do período do estudo. O percentual anual de não conformidade diminuiu de 44% (2008) para 23% (2016). Verificou-se a relevância da implantação do Programa na prevenção de possíveis transtornos à saúde dos pacientes, indicando a importância de sua continuidade.(AU)

Optimal size of experimental plots of papaya trees using a modified maximum curvature method / Tamanhoótimo da parcela experimental em mamoeiro pelo método da máxima curvatura modificado

This study aimed to evaluate the optimum plot size for the papaya crop by using the modified maximum curvature method under soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano. The experiment comprised a uniformity test using the CNPMF-L78 strain developed by Embrapa Mandioca and Fruticultura, planted at a spacing of 3 m x 2 m, with 16 central rows and 22 plants per row, totaling 352 plants and an area of 2,112 m2. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height and diameter; height of insertion of the first fruits; precocity; number of commercial fruits per plant; productivity; length, diameter, weight, firmness, internal cavity diameter, pulp thickness, and soluble fruit solids. Each plant was considered as a basic unit, with an area of 6 m2, thus making up 352 basic units whose adjacent units were combined to form 11 pre-established parcel arrangements with rectangular and row formats. The optimal plot size is seven plants perpendicular to the crop rows, that is, seven rows with one plant in each row, corresponding to the area of 42 m2, considering spacing of 3 m between rows and 2 m between papaya plants in the soil and climatic conditions of the Recôncavo Baiano.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o tamanho ótimo de parcela para a cultura do mamoeiro pelo método da máxima curvatura modificado sob condições edafoclimáticas do Recôncavo Baiano. O experimento constituiu-se de um ensaio de uniformidade, utilizando a linhagem CNPMF-L78, desenvolvida pela Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, plantada no espaçamento de 3 m x 2 m, consideradas como útil as 16 fileiras centrais com 22 plantas por fileira, totalizando 352 plantas e área de 2.112 m2. Foram avaliados: altura e diâmetro das plantas; altura de inserção dos primeiros frutos; precocidade de colheita; número de frutos comerciais por planta; produtividade; comprimento, diâmetro, peso, firmeza, diâmetro da cavidade interna, espessura da polpa e sólidos solúveis dos frutos. Nas avaliações, cada planta foi considerada como uma unidade básica, área de 6 m2, perfazendo assim, 352 unidades básicas, cujas as adjacentes foram combinadas de modo a formar 11 arranjos de parcelas pré-estabelecidos com formatos retangulares e em fileiras. O tamanho ótimo de parcela é de sete plantas, com sentido perpendicular às fileiras do cultivo, ou seja, sete fileiras com uma planta em cada fileira, correspondente à área de 42 m2, considerando espaçamento de 3 m entre linhas e 2 m entre plantas de mamoeiro nas condições edafoclimáticas do Recôncavo Baiano.(AU)

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical chacteristics of equine cutaneous mastocytoma: case report / Características clínicas, histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do mastocitoma cutâneo equino: relato de caso

A 3 year-old mare, Arab, that belongs to the experimental herd of FMVZ-USP presented cutaneous tumor lesions on right and left posterior limb with approximately one year of evolution. A new formation with rapid growth was observed on the neck region, and since then, the limbs lesion gained inflammatory characteristics. Aspirative punction was performed on the neck formation in order to submit the sample to cytological analyses, in which eosinophilic infiltrate was identified. At this point, a conservative approach was chosen with three consecutive corticoid infiltrations. With lack of success of infiltrative therapy, neck, right and left posterior limbs lesions were surgically removed. The material obtained from surgical procedures were sent to histophatological and immunohistrochemical evaluation, that confirmed cutaneous mastocytoma diagnosis. The mare was discharged after all surgical wound were healed and after full remission of clinical signs, and did not show relapses or any other complication from tumor lesions. Some cutaneous tumors are well described and commonly occur in horses, such as sarcoids, melanoma, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous mastocytoma is considered a rare cutaneous tumor in this species. According to literature, equine mastocytoma do not have breed predilection, however, some authors mention a greater involvement in Purebreed Arabian horses. In order to establish a definitive diagnosis, it is important to associate physical exams to histophatological an immunohistochemical evaluation and, even though rare in horses, this neoplasm must be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Uma égua puro sangue árabe, com 3 anos de idade, pertencente ao rebanho experimental da FMVZ-USP apresentou lesões tumorais cutâneas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo com aproximadamente um ano de evolução. Notou-se nova formação cutânea com crescimento rápido na região do pescoço, e desde então, as lesões dos membros ganharam características inflamatórias. Foi realizada punção aspirativa da lesão do pescoço para análise citológica, em que se identificou infiltrado eosinofílico. Optou-se pelo início de tratamento conservativo com três infiltrações intralesionais consecutivas com corticoesteroide. A partir da falta de sucesso das infiltrações foram realizadas as excisões cirúrgicas totais dos nódulos do pescoço, membro pélvico direito e esquerdo. Todos os materiais obtidos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foram enviados para avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, nas quais se confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo. O animal recebeu alta após a cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas e remissão dos sinais, e não demonstrou recidivas ou outras complicações advindas das lesões tumorais. Algumas neoplasias cutâneas são bem descritas e de comum ocorrência na espécie equina, como o sarcoide, melanoma, papiloma e tumor de células escamosas. Já o mastocitoma cutâneo consiste em neoplasia cutânea rara nessa espécie. Segundo a literatura, não parece existir uma predileção racial para o aparecimento deste tumor, entretanto, alguns autores citam o acometimento maior nos animais Puro Sangue Árabe. Para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo é importante a associação dos exames físico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico e, apesar desta neoplasia ser de raro aparecimento nos equinos, deve ser sempre considerada como diagnóstico diferencial.

Primary paranasal maxillary hematoma: clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment

Background: The equine paranasal sinus have a complex anatomy and large compartiments. For this reason, deseasesthat affect these structures may develop for long periods before the animal show any clinical signs, making it difficult tostablish a definitive diagnosis and institute an adequate treatment. Usually, maxillary hematomas reports come from progression of ethmoidal hematomas, and the descriptions of primary maxillary hematomas are rare. This study aims to reportthe clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of a case of a maxillary hematoma not associated with ethmoidal turbinates.Case: An 8-year-old male horse, Mangalarga Paulista, was referred to the Centro de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa FMVZUSP with history of nasal bleeding for over a year. The animal presented deformity on the right side of the face, with significant volume increase on the maxillary bone region and dull sound at percussion, in addition to great painfull sensibilitywhen palpated. The right nare had no airflow, suggesting complete obstruction of the right nasal cavity. In order to betterevaluate, endoscopic and radiographic exams were performed. At the radiographic exam, in ventrodorsal projection, itwas observed an increase of volume and radiopacity, occupying the right antimer of the nasal cavity, with left nasal septum deviation. In the right dorsoventral oblique projection, it was observed the filling of the rostral and caudal maxillarysinus with the content radiopacity as previously described. At endoscopy exam of the right nasal cavity, it was observeda rounded greenish structure on the middle meatus The diagnosis of maxillary paranasal sinus cist was suggested andsurgical removal, through maxillary sinusotomy was recommended. During the surgical procedure...

Primary paranasal maxillary hematoma: clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment

Background: The equine paranasal sinus have a complex anatomy and large compartiments. For this reason, deseasesthat affect these structures may develop for long periods before the animal show any clinical signs, making it difficult tostablish a definitive diagnosis and institute an adequate treatment. Usually, maxillary hematomas reports come from progression of ethmoidal hematomas, and the descriptions of primary maxillary hematomas are rare. This study aims to reportthe clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of a case of a maxillary hematoma not associated with ethmoidal turbinates.Case: An 8-year-old male horse, Mangalarga Paulista, was referred to the Centro de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa FMVZUSP with history of nasal bleeding for over a year. The animal presented deformity on the right side of the face, with significant volume increase on the maxillary bone region and dull sound at percussion, in addition to great painfull sensibilitywhen palpated. The right nare had no airflow, suggesting complete obstruction of the right nasal cavity. In order to betterevaluate, endoscopic and radiographic exams were performed. At the radiographic exam, in ventrodorsal projection, itwas observed an increase of volume and radiopacity, occupying the right antimer of the nasal cavity, with left nasal septum deviation. In the right dorsoventral oblique projection, it was observed the filling of the rostral and caudal maxillarysinus with the content radiopacity as previously described. At endoscopy exam of the right nasal cavity, it was observeda rounded greenish structure on the middle meatus The diagnosis of maxillary paranasal sinus cist was suggested andsurgical removal, through maxillary sinusotomy was recommended. During the surgical procedure...(AU)

Características clínicas, histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do mastocitoma cutâneo equino: relato de caso / Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical chacteristics ofequine cutaneous mastocytoma: case report

Uma égua puro sangue árabe, com 3 anos de idade, pertencente ao rebanho experimental da FMVZ-USP apresentou lesões tumorais cutâneas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo com aproximadamente um ano de evolução. Notou-se nova formação cutânea com crescimento rápido na região do pescoço, e desde então, as lesões dos membros ganharam características inflamatórias. Foi realizada punção aspirativa da lesão do pescoço para análise citológica, em que se identificou infiltrado eosinofílico. Optou-se pelo início de tratamento conservativo com três infiltrações intralesionais consecutivas com corticoesteroide. A partir da falta de sucesso das infiltrações foram realizadas as excisões cirúrgicas totais dos nódulos do pescoço, membro pélvico direito e esquerdo. Todos os materiais obtidos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foram enviados para avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, nas quais se confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo. O animal recebeu alta após a cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas e remissão dos sinais, e não demonstrou recidivas ou outras complicações advindas das lesões tumorais. Algumas neoplasias cutâneas são bem descritas e de comum ocorrência na espécie equina, como o sarcoide, melanoma, papiloma e tumor de células escamosas. Já o mastocitoma cutâneo consiste em neoplasia cutânea rara nessa espécie. Segundo a literatura, não parece existir uma predileção racial para o aparecimento deste tumor, entretanto, alguns autores citam o acometimento maior nos animais Puro Sangue Árabe. Para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo é importante a associação dos exames físico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico e, apesar desta neoplasia ser de raro aparecimento nos equinos, deve ser sempre considerada como diagnóstico diferencial.(AU)

A 3 year-old mare, Arab, that belongs to the experimental herd of FMVZ-USP presented cutaneous tumor lesions on right and left posterior limb with approximately one year of evolution. A new formation with rapid growth was observed on the neck region, and since then, the limbs lesion gained inflammatory characteristics. Aspirative punction was performed on the neck formation in order to submit the sample to cytological analyses, in which eosinophilic infiltrate was identified. At this point, a conservative approach was chosen with three consecutive corticoid infiltrations. With lack of success of infiltrative therapy, neck, right and left posterior limbs lesions were surgically removed. The materials obtained from surgical procedures were sent to histophatological and immunohistrochemical evaluation that confirmed cutaneous mastocytoma diagnosis. The mare was discharged after all surgical wound were healed and after full remission of clinical signs, and did not show relapses or any other complication from tumor lesions. Some cutaneous tumors are well described and commonly occur in horses, such as sarcoids, melanoma, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous mastocytoma is considered a rare cutaneous tumor in this species. According to literature, equine mastocytoma do not have breed predilection, however, some authors mention a greater involvement in Purebreed Arabian horses. In order to establish a definitive diagnosis, it is important to associate physical exams to histophatological an immunohistochemical evaluation and, even though rare in horses, this neoplasm must be considered as a differential diagnosis.(AU)

Características clínicas, histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas do mastocitoma cutâneo equino: relato de caso / Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical chacteristics ofequine cutaneous mastocytoma: case report

Uma égua puro sangue árabe, com 3 anos de idade, pertencente ao rebanho experimental da FMVZ-USP apresentou lesões tumorais cutâneas nos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo com aproximadamente um ano de evolução. Notou-se nova formação cutânea com crescimento rápido na região do pescoço, e desde então, as lesões dos membros ganharam características inflamatórias. Foi realizada punção aspirativa da lesão do pescoço para análise citológica, em que se identificou infiltrado eosinofílico. Optou-se pelo início de tratamento conservativo com três infiltrações intralesionais consecutivas com corticoesteroide. A partir da falta de sucesso das infiltrações foram realizadas as excisões cirúrgicas totais dos nódulos do pescoço, membro pélvico direito e esquerdo. Todos os materiais obtidos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foram enviados para avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica, nas quais se confirmou o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo. O animal recebeu alta após a cicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas e remissão dos sinais, e não demonstrou recidivas ou outras complicações advindas das lesões tumorais. Algumas neoplasias cutâneas são bem descritas e de comum ocorrência na espécie equina, como o sarcoide, melanoma, papiloma e tumor de células escamosas. Já o mastocitoma cutâneo consiste em neoplasia cutânea rara nessa espécie. Segundo a literatura, não parece existir uma predileção racial para o aparecimento deste tumor, entretanto, alguns autores citam o acometimento maior nos animais Puro Sangue Árabe. Para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo é importante a associação dos exames físico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico e, apesar desta neoplasia ser de raro aparecimento nos equinos, deve ser sempre considerada como diagnóstico diferencial.

A 3 year-old mare, Arab, that belongs to the experimental herd of FMVZ-USP presented cutaneous tumor lesions on right and left posterior limb with approximately one year of evolution. A new formation with rapid growth was observed on the neck region, and since then, the limbs lesion gained inflammatory characteristics. Aspirative punction was performed on the neck formation in order to submit the sample to cytological analyses, in which eosinophilic infiltrate was identified. At this point, a conservative approach was chosen with three consecutive corticoid infiltrations. With lack of success of infiltrative therapy, neck, right and left posterior limbs lesions were surgically removed. The materials obtained from surgical procedures were sent to histophatological and immunohistrochemical evaluation that confirmed cutaneous mastocytoma diagnosis. The mare was discharged after all surgical wound were healed and after full remission of clinical signs, and did not show relapses or any other complication from tumor lesions. Some cutaneous tumors are well described and commonly occur in horses, such as sarcoids, melanoma, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous mastocytoma is considered a rare cutaneous tumor in this species. According to literature, equine mastocytoma do not have breed predilection, however, some authors mention a greater involvement in Purebreed Arabian horses. In order to establish a definitive diagnosis, it is important to associate physical exams to histophatological an immunohistochemical evaluation and, even though rare in horses, this neoplasm must be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Community perception and attitudes about the behavior of stray dogs in a college campus

Stray dogs are part of the scene in many cities, including Viçosa, where they gather at UFV campus. In order to understand the relation people have with stray dogs, 385 individuals answered to a semi-structured questionnaire. The number of stray dogs is high for most people; this dog population is mostly composed of adult males of undefined breed. Dogs perform most of their activities in the campus. Food sources appear to be varying and lure dogs into central territories, thus reducing the predatory pressure on wildlife. Interviewees are concerned with the low well-being level faced by stray dogs, although just half of them would adopt a dog to minimize the problem; most interviewees are against euthanasia. People acknowledge that stray dogs in the campus are an issue to the community and to dogs themselves. It seems that people are willing to find solutions to the stray dog issue.

Activity pattern of medium and large sized mammals and density estimates of Cuniculus paca (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) in the Brazilian Pampa

Abstract Between July 2014 and April 2015, we conducted weekly inventories of the circadian activity patterns of mammals in Passo Novo locality, municipality of Alegrete, southern Brazil. The vegetation is comprised by a grassy-woody steppe (grassland). We used two camera traps alternately located on one of four 1 km transects, each separated by 1 km. We classified the activity pattern of species by the percentage of photographic records taken in each daily period. We identify Cuniculus paca individuals by differences in the patterns of flank spots. We then estimate the density 1) considering the area of riparian forest present in the sampling area, and 2) through capture/recapture analysis. Cuniculus paca, Conepatus chinga and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris were nocturnal, Cerdocyon thous had a crepuscular/nocturnal pattern, while Mazama gouazoubira was cathemeral. The patterns of circadian activity observed for medium and large mammals in this Pampa region (southern grasslands) may reflect not only evolutionary, biological and ecological affects, but also human impacts not assessed in this study. We identified ten individuals of C. paca through skin spot patterns during the study period, which were recorded in different transects and months. The minimum population density of C. paca was 3.5 individuals per km2 (resident animals only) and the total density estimates varied from 7.1 to 11.8 individuals per km2, when considering all individuals recorded or the result of the capture/recapture analysis, respectively.

Resumo De julho de 2014 a abril de 2015, realizamos levantamentos semanais para estudar padrões de atividade circadiana da mastofauna na localidade de Passo Novo, Alegrete, sul do Brasil. A vegetação é compreendida por savana estépica (campo). Utilizamos duas armadilhas fotográficas distribuídas alternadamente ao longo de quatro transectos, com extensão de 1 km e distantes cerca de 1 km entre si. Nós classificamos o padrão de atividade das espécies através da percentagem de fotos registradas em cada período diário. Nós identificamos indivíduos de Cuniculus paca através dos diferentes padrões de manchas nos flancos dos animais. Nós então estimamos a densidade 1) considerando a área de floresta ripária presente na área amostrada, e 2) através da análise de captura/recaptura. As espécies Cuniculus paca, Conepatus chinga e Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris foram classificadas como noturnas, Cerdocyon thous apresentou um padrão crepuscular/noturno, enquanto Mazama gouazoubira foi classificada como catemeral. O padrão de atividade circadiana observado para os mamíferos de médio e grande porte nessa região do Pampa (campos sulinos) pode refletir não só aspectos evolutivos, biológicos e ecológicos, mas também impactos humanos não avaliados nesse estudo. Através do padrão de manchas da pelagem de C. paca nós identificamos dez indivíduos durante o período de estudo, que foram registrados em diferentes transectos e meses. A densidade populacional mínima de C. paca foi de 3,5 ind/km2 (apenas indivíduos residentes) e a densidade total variou de 7,1 a 11,8 ind/km2, quando consideramos todos os indivíduos registrados ou com base em análises de captura e recaptura, respectivamente.

Community perception and attitudes about the behavior of stray dogs in a college campus

Stray dogs are part of the scene in many cities, including Viçosa, where they gather at UFV campus. In order to understand the relation people have with stray dogs, 385 individuals answered to a semi-structured questionnaire. The number of stray dogs is high for most people; this dog population is mostly composed of adult males of undefined breed. Dogs perform most of their activities in the campus. Food sources appear to be varying and lure dogs into central territories, thus reducing the predatory pressure on wildlife. Interviewees are concerned with the low well-being level faced by stray dogs, although just half of them would adopt a dog to minimize the problem; most interviewees are against euthanasia. People acknowledge that stray dogs in the campus are an issue to the community and to dogs themselves. It seems that people are willing to find solutions to the stray dog issue.(AU)

Avaliação anatomopatológica das complicações da peritonite fecal em equinos tratados com lavagem peritoneal / Anatomopathological evaluation of fecal peritonitis complications in horses treated with peritoneal lavage

Background: Reproductive management in horses when performed with malpractice or by an unqualified person can cause many lesions of various degrees. When the rectum is affected it can compromise the mucous layer of the rectal ampulla and may even cause total perforation of this intestinal segment. Once the rectum ruptured, its contents gets into the abdominal cavity and generates severe abdominal infection, which may cause intense adhesions between organs and even to the abdominal wall and requires a particular intensive intervention. This work reports the use of peritoneal lavage protocol in three horses with septic peritonitis caused by rectal laceration, correlating with post-mortem findings.Cases: Three horses were referred to the Veterinary Hospital Rancho Belo Vista, in the city of Serra - ES, with an accident report during reproductive management in different properties. In all cases, blood loss and loss of continuity of the rectal mucosa were reported by the technicians. Patients were referred at different post-accident times. When they arrived at the hospital, they were examined and a sample of blood and peritoneal fluid were collected and sent to the laboratory. They presented intense apathy, mucosa coloration ranging from hyperemic to pale with halo toxemia, high cardiac and respiratory rate, reduction of globular volume and prolonged time of capillary refill. Patients were given fluid therapy support with lactated Ringers solution and systemic therapy protocols such as antibiotic therapy, peritoneal lavage with antibiotic containing solution and anticoagulant, and other supportive treatments were instituted. Peritoneal lavages were instituted every eight hours, in the first 48 hours and every twelve hours, until five days were completed. All patients had to be sacrificed. Euthanasia occurred at different times according to response to treatment and onset of clinical signs of shock.[...](AU)

Avaliação anatomopatológica das complicações da peritonite fecal em equinos tratados com lavagem peritoneal / Anatomopathological evaluation of fecal peritonitis complications in horses treated with peritoneal lavage

Background: Reproductive management in horses when performed with malpractice or by an unqualified person can cause many lesions of various degrees. When the rectum is affected it can compromise the mucous layer of the rectal ampulla and may even cause total perforation of this intestinal segment. Once the rectum ruptured, its contents gets into the abdominal cavity and generates severe abdominal infection, which may cause intense adhesions between organs and even to the abdominal wall and requires a particular intensive intervention. This work reports the use of peritoneal lavage protocol in three horses with septic peritonitis caused by rectal laceration, correlating with post-mortem findings.Cases: Three horses were referred to the Veterinary Hospital Rancho Belo Vista, in the city of Serra - ES, with an accident report during reproductive management in different properties. In all cases, blood loss and loss of continuity of the rectal mucosa were reported by the technicians. Patients were referred at different post-accident times. When they arrived at the hospital, they were examined and a sample of blood and peritoneal fluid were collected and sent to the laboratory. They presented intense apathy, mucosa coloration ranging from hyperemic to pale with halo toxemia, high cardiac and respiratory rate, reduction of globular volume and prolonged time of capillary refill. Patients were given fluid therapy support with lactated Ringer’s solution and systemic therapy protocols such as antibiotic therapy, peritoneal lavage with antibiotic containing solution and anticoagulant, and other supportive treatments were instituted. Peritoneal lavages were instituted every eight hours, in the first 48 hours and every twelve hours, until five days were completed. All patients had to be sacrificed. Euthanasia occurred at different times according to response to treatment and onset of clinical signs of shock.[...]

Evaluation of ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy using surgical staples associated with suture material in dairy cattle

Background: Displaced Abomasum is known for being on of the main illnesses that affect milking cows. Increase in diagnosis of this illness is due to advancement in diagnosis techniques. Increase in incidence of this illness can be explained by genetic selection of animals with high production, breed systems and changes to the diet with a higher level of protein. For laparoscopic treatment, several surgical changes were performed to optimize the procedure and thus achieve better results. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate applicability of the ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy technique, using surgical clamps attached to the suture thread, to milking cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult cows were placed under anesthesia with isoflurane and placed in dorsal decubitus. Animals were kept with no water for 24 h and no food for 48 h. Four laparoscopic accesses were performed. The first one was created with the intention of inspecting the abdominal cavity and the remaining three for access of surgical instruments. Serous membrane of the abomasum was cauterized, combined with suture threads and placed at the greater abomasal curvature. The free part of suture threads was kept out of the abdominal cavity and after traction of the abomasum against the abdominal wall was tied to the skin. Ultrasound exam was performed for abdominal evaluation after abomasopexy. Anesthesia time and surgery time were recorded and analyzes through average and standard deviation (SD). The average anesthesia time recorded was 94 min (SD 14.63 min) and average surgery time was 51 min (SD 14.71 min). The fasting period was considered adequate, however all animals had to undergo intubation with orogastric tube to drain liquids and gas during the procedure. Four of the six animals had lineal adhesion. Three of the four animals that had adhesion did not keep the abomasum at the retroperitoneal area, however viscera movement was stopped in the abdominal cavity.[...]

Evaluation of ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy using surgical staples associated with suture material in dairy cattle

Background: Displaced Abomasum is known for being on of the main illnesses that affect milking cows. Increase in diagnosis of this illness is due to advancement in diagnosis techniques. Increase in incidence of this illness can be explained by genetic selection of animals with high production, breed systems and changes to the diet with a higher level of protein. For laparoscopic treatment, several surgical changes were performed to optimize the procedure and thus achieve better results. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate applicability of the ventral laparoscopic abomasopexy technique, using surgical clamps attached to the suture thread, to milking cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult cows were placed under anesthesia with isoflurane and placed in dorsal decubitus. Animals were kept with no water for 24 h and no food for 48 h. Four laparoscopic accesses were performed. The first one was created with the intention of inspecting the abdominal cavity and the remaining three for access of surgical instruments. Serous membrane of the abomasum was cauterized, combined with suture threads and placed at the greater abomasal curvature. The free part of suture threads was kept out of the abdominal cavity and after traction of the abomasum against the abdominal wall was tied to the skin. Ultrasound exam was performed for abdominal evaluation after abomasopexy. Anesthesia time and surgery time were recorded and analyzes through average and standard deviation (SD). The average anesthesia time recorded was 94 min (SD 14.63 min) and average surgery time was 51 min (SD 14.71 min). The fasting period was considered adequate, however all animals had to undergo intubation with orogastric tube to drain liquids and gas during the procedure. Four of the six animals had lineal adhesion. Three of the four animals that had adhesion did not keep the abomasum at the retroperitoneal area, however viscera movement was stopped in the abdominal cavity.[...](AU)

Activity pattern of medium and large sized mammals and density estimates of Cuniculus paca (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) in the Brazilian Pampa

Abstract Between July 2014 and April 2015, we conducted weekly inventories of the circadian activity patterns of mammals in Passo Novo locality, municipality of Alegrete, southern Brazil. The vegetation is comprised by a grassy-woody steppe (grassland). We used two camera traps alternately located on one of four 1 km transects, each separated by 1 km. We classified the activity pattern of species by the percentage of photographic records taken in each daily period. We identify Cuniculus paca individuals by differences in the patterns of flank spots. We then estimate the density 1) considering the area of riparian forest present in the sampling area, and 2) through capture/recapture analysis. Cuniculus paca, Conepatus chinga and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris were nocturnal, Cerdocyon thous had a crepuscular/nocturnal pattern, while Mazama gouazoubira was cathemeral. The patterns of circadian activity observed for medium and large mammals in this Pampa region (southern grasslands) may reflect not only evolutionary, biological and ecological affects, but also human impacts not assessed in this study. We identified ten individuals of C. paca through skin spot patterns during the study period, which were recorded in different transects and months. The minimum population density of C. paca was 3.5 individuals per km2 (resident animals only) and the total density estimates varied from 7.1 to 11.8 individuals per km2, when considering all individuals recorded or the result of the capture/recapture analysis, respectively.

Resumo De julho de 2014 a abril de 2015, realizamos levantamentos semanais para estudar padrões de atividade circadiana da mastofauna na localidade de Passo Novo, Alegrete, sul do Brasil. A vegetação é compreendida por savana estépica (campo). Utilizamos duas armadilhas fotográficas distribuídas alternadamente ao longo de quatro transectos, com extensão de 1 km e distantes cerca de 1 km entre si. Nós classificamos o padrão de atividade das espécies através da percentagem de fotos registradas em cada período diário. Nós identificamos indivíduos de Cuniculus paca através dos diferentes padrões de manchas nos flancos dos animais. Nós então estimamos a densidade 1) considerando a área de floresta ripária presente na área amostrada, e 2) através da análise de captura/recaptura. As espécies Cuniculus paca, Conepatus chinga e Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris foram classificadas como noturnas, Cerdocyon thous apresentou um padrão crepuscular/noturno, enquanto Mazama gouazoubira foi classificada como catemeral. O padrão de atividade circadiana observado para os mamíferos de médio e grande porte nessa região do Pampa (campos sulinos) pode refletir não só aspectos evolutivos, biológicos e ecológicos, mas também impactos humanos não avaliados nesse estudo. Através do padrão de manchas da pelagem de C. paca nós identificamos dez indivíduos durante o período de estudo, que foram registrados em diferentes transectos e meses. A densidade populacional mínima de C. paca foi de 3,5 ind/km2 (apenas indivíduos residentes) e a densidade total variou de 7,1 a 11,8 ind/km2, quando consideramos todos os indivíduos registrados ou com base em análises de captura e recaptura, respectivamente.