Resumo
ABSTRACT: Pyometra is a common disease in intact female dogs and can cause glomerulopathy and tubular injury. This study aimed to evaluate kidney injury in female dogs with pyometra, as well as progression of the injury during treatment and the markers of this condition. This study analyzed 20 intact female dogs with both clinical and sonographic diagnosis of pyometra. Dogs were treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. The following parameters were assessed at eight separate time points: blood pressure; serum creatinine, phosphorus, and urea levels; urinalysis and urinary biochemical parameters [urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR)]; glomerular filtration rate (GFR); and urine output. All dogs showed some degree of kidney injury at the time of pyometra diagnosis. This was transient in most animals, resolving with treatment of the pyometra. Measurement of uGGT and UPCR identified renal parenchymal injury, helping to determine the prognosis of the animals analyzed in the present study.
RESUMO: A piometra é afecção frequente em cadelas e pode causar glomerulopatias e lesões tubulares. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar injúria renal em cadelas com piometra, sua progressão ao longo do tratamento e o uso de marcadores dessa alteração. Participaram 20 cadelas com diagnóstico clínico e ultrassonográfico de piometra, submetidas à fluidoterapia, antibioticoterapia e ovariohisterectomia. Foram avaliados pressão arterial, concentração sérica de creatinina, fósforo e ureia; urinálise e bioquímica urinária (gama-glutamiltransferase urinária e razão proteína/creatinina urinárias), taxa de filtração glomerular e débito urinário, em oito tempos. Todas as cadelas apresentaram algum grau de injúria renal no momento do diagnóstico da piometra, sendo transitória na maioria dos animais após o tratamento. O uso de marcadores de injúria renal identificou lesão de parênquima renal, contribuindo com o prognóstico dos animais estudados.
Resumo
Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon
Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon
Resumo
Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3
Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3
Resumo
Immunohistochemistry can be applied in veterinary oncology to define the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells with unlimited possibilities of application. The technique is based on the identification of antigens "in situ", which may have prognostic and therapeutic value. Expression of estrogen and progesterone is directly related to better prognosis for breast cancer, while over-expression of receptor KIT (CD117) proteins Ki-67 (MIB-1), COX-2, VEGF and CD31 can be associated with tumor progression for several histological types. This association has a potential predictive value, due to the possibility of using specific blockers. This revision aims at presenting the possibilities of immunohistochemical's application in tumors of dogs, searching for a more precise definition of the prognosis and indication of specific treatments for each patient.
A imuno-histoquímica pode ser aplicada na oncologia veterinária para a definição do imunofenótipo neoplásico, com possibilidades ilimitadas de utilização. A técnica baseia-se na identificação de antígenos "in situ", que podem apresentar valor prognóstico e terapêutico. A expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona está diretamente relacionada ao melhor prognóstico para os neoplasmas mamários, enquanto a super-expressão do receptor KIT (CD117), proteínas Ki-67 (MIB-1), VEGF, CD31 e COX-2 podem ser associados à progressão tumoral para vários tipos histológicos. Essa associação possui valor preditivo em potencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade da utilização de bloqueadores específicos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da utilização da imuno-histoquímica nos tumores de cães, visando à definição mais precisa do prognóstico e a indicação de tratamentos específicos para cada paciente.
Resumo
Immunohistochemistry can be applied in veterinary oncology to define the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells with unlimited possibilities of application. The technique is based on the identification of antigens "in situ", which may have prognostic and therapeutic value. Expression of estrogen and progesterone is directly related to better prognosis for breast cancer, while over-expression of receptor KIT (CD117) proteins Ki-67 (MIB-1), COX-2, VEGF and CD31 can be associated with tumor progression for several histological types. This association has a potential predictive value, due to the possibility of using specific blockers. This revision aims at presenting the possibilities of immunohistochemical's application in tumors of dogs, searching for a more precise definition of the prognosis and indication of specific treatments for each patient.
A imuno-histoquímica pode ser aplicada na oncologia veterinária para a definição do imunofenótipo neoplásico, com possibilidades ilimitadas de utilização. A técnica baseia-se na identificação de antígenos "in situ", que podem apresentar valor prognóstico e terapêutico. A expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona está diretamente relacionada ao melhor prognóstico para os neoplasmas mamários, enquanto a super-expressão do receptor KIT (CD117), proteínas Ki-67 (MIB-1), VEGF, CD31 e COX-2 podem ser associados à progressão tumoral para vários tipos histológicos. Essa associação possui valor preditivo em potencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade da utilização de bloqueadores específicos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da utilização da imuno-histoquímica nos tumores de cães, visando à definição mais precisa do prognóstico e a indicação de tratamentos específicos para cada paciente.
Resumo
Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon
Background: Urethral neoplasias are rare in small animals and normally have slow growth, but tissue invasion and urethral obstruction are frequent. Prognosis usually is poor due to the high degree of malignity of the main neoplasias involved. Surgical excision is the main form of treatment, but it should be complete with wide safety margins, making partial or complete removal of the bladder with transplantation of the ureters necessary. This report aims at describing a surgical technique, used in a bitch with urethral tumor, which involved complete resection of vulva, vagina and bladder, followed by ureterocolic anastomosis without pelvic osteotomy.Case: A 10-year-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog, weighing 35 kg, was presented with partial ischuria and haematuria for approximately 30 days, with fi nal development of complete ischuria, vomit and anorexia. Urethral swab was performed, and the material obtained was fi xed for cytological examination, which revealed the presence of malignant epithelial neoplasias, giving the case a direction. Staging was achieved through thoracic radiographs in two recumbent views, and metastatic lesions were not found. A radical surgery was proposed to the owner for the treatment of the patiente. The surgical procedure involved complete removal of the lower urinary tract, vagina and vulva, followed by reimplantation of the ureters in the colon
Resumo
Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3
Background: Sinus adenocarcinomas of papillary pattern are neoplasms rarely described in dogs and most cases are characterized by slow growth, local invasion and rare cases of metastasis. Their characteristics are presence of glandular structures that may have papillary pattern, tubulo-papillary, acinar and mixed pattern. Approximately 80% of primary nasal tumors are malignant and adenocarcinomas are the most frequently histology type. This paper reports a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of nasal sinus in the dog, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to aiding for appropriate therapy.Case: A 14-year-old male Poodle dog, presenting seropurulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing and an enlargement in the nasal region, was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor. Macroscopically, was observed fragment coated with soft hairy skin and shear blackish color, and some fragments associated with more firm tissues like cartilage and bone tissue. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE. For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. CKAE1/AE3, CK34E12, SMA, E-cadherin, Cox-2, Ki-67 and Her-2 expression were evaluated. For CK AE1AE3