Effect of Exogenous Emulsifier (Lyso-Phospholipid) Supplementation in the Broiler Diet, on the Feed Intake and Growth Performance During Grower Phase

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementation of an exogenous emulsifier (lyso-phospholipid) in the diet of growing broilers on growth performance and digestibility. A total of 1224 Ross-308 ten day old broiler chicks were distributed into two experimental treatments in such a way that each treatment had twelve replicates with fifty-one birds per replicate. Two experimental diets were formulated with and without emulsifier supplementation according to the nutrition standards of Ross 308. Feed intake and body weight gain of the broilers were measured on a daily basis and feed conversion ratio was also calculated. Nutrient digestibility was determined on the 25th day of age. Analysis of variance under completely randomized design technique was used to analyze the data. Feed intake was increased (p 0.05) by supplementation of emulsifier in the broiler diet on theat 12th, 13th, 21th, 22th, 23th, 24th, and 25th days. Bodyweight gain was not affected (p>0.05) with or without emulsifier supplementation in the broiler diet during 11-25 days of life. However, feed conversion ratio was effected (p 0.05) by emulsifier supplementation and increased from days 21-25th. Nutrient digestibility (dry matter, fat, and crude protein) in the grower phase was decreased (p 0.05) by supplementation of emulsifier in the diet. It can be concluded that supplementation of an exogenous emulsifier in the diet did not show positive effect on the growth performance during the grower phase of broilers, while nutrient digestibility showed adverse effect. Emulsifier supplementation should be tested after 25 days of the life of broilers.(AU)

Effect of Exogenous Emulsifier (Lyso-Phospholipid) Supplementation in the Broiler Diet, on the Feed Intake and Growth Performance During Grower Phase

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementation of an exogenous emulsifier (lyso-phospholipid) in the diet of growing broilers on growth performance and digestibility. A total of 1224 Ross-308 ten day old broiler chicks were distributed into two experimental treatments in such a way that each treatment had twelve replicates with fifty-one birds per replicate. Two experimental diets were formulated with and without emulsifier supplementation according to the nutrition standards of Ross 308. Feed intake and body weight gain of the broilers were measured on a daily basis and feed conversion ratio was also calculated. Nutrient digestibility was determined on the 25th day of age. Analysis of variance under completely randomized design technique was used to analyze the data. Feed intake was increased (p 0.05) by supplementation of emulsifier in the broiler diet on theat 12th, 13th, 21th, 22th, 23th, 24th, and 25th days. Bodyweight gain was not affected (p>0.05) with or without emulsifier supplementation in the broiler diet during 11-25 days of life. However, feed conversion ratio was effected (p 0.05) by emulsifier supplementation and increased from days 21-25th. Nutrient digestibility (dry matter, fat, and crude protein) in the grower phase was decreased (p 0.05) by supplementation of emulsifier in the diet. It can be concluded that supplementation of an exogenous emulsifier in the diet did not show positive effect on the growth performance during the grower phase of broilers, while nutrient digestibility showed adverse effect. Emulsifier supplementation should be tested after 25 days of the life of broilers.

urea / Fenos de capim-buffel amonizados com ureia

The objective of this study was to quantify the population of molds and yeasts, evaluate losses dry matter and chemical composition of buffelgrass hay ammoniated with urea. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted the urea levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%) that were added to the hay bales based on dry matter. The inclusion of 1.0% of urea increased dry matter recovery (93.21%) compared to non-ammoniated hay. There was quadratic effect for the pH with highest value observed at the level of 0.5% of urea (8.88), reducing the other levels of urea. The addition of urea levels was efficient to reduce the population of molds and yeasts, reducing from 6.50 log CFU/g in untreated hay with urea to 3.65 log CFU/g when added 4% of urea in the hay. The addition of urea resulted in increased contents of organic matter and crude protein hay buffelgrass, reaching the highest values with the use de 4.0% of urea, with 90.96% and 14.03%, respectively. The application of urea does not provide decreased in respect losses of dry matter, except at a level of 1.0%, however it is efficient in to reduce the population of molds and yeasts and elevate the crude protein of buffel grass hay.(AU)

Objetivou-se quantificar a população de mofos e leveduras, avaliar as perdas de matéria seca e a composição bromatológica de fenos de capimbuffel amonizados com ureia. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos compreenderam aos níveis de ureia (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0%), que foram adicionados aos fardos de feno com base na matéria seca. A inclusão de 1,0% de ureia elevou a recuperação de matéria seca (93,21%) em relação ao feno não amonizado. Observou-se efeito quadrático para o pH, com o maior valor observado no nível de 0,5% de ureia (8,88), reduzindo nos demais níveis de ureia. A adição de níveis de ureia foi eficiente em reduzir a população de mofos e leveduras, reduzindo de 6,50 log UFC/g no feno sem tratamento com ureia para 3,65 log UFC/g quando adicionados 4% de ureia no feno. A adição de ureia proporcionou aumento nos teores de matéria orgânica e proteína bruta dos fenos de capim-buffel, atingindo os maiores valores com a utilização de 4,0% de ureia, com 90,96% e 14,03% para matéria orgânica e proteína bruta, respectivamente. A aplicação de ureia não proporciona diminuição em relação às perdas de matéria seca, exceto na dose de 1,0%, no entanto, é eficiente em reduzir a população de mofos e leveduras e elevar os teores de proteína bruta de fenos de capim-buffel.(AU)

Fenos de capim-buffel amonizados com ureia

The objective of this study was to quantify the population of molds and yeasts, evaluate losses dry matter and chemical composition of buffelgrass hay ammoniated with urea. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted the urea levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%) that were added to the hay bales based on dry matter. The inclusion of 1.0% of urea increased dry matter recovery (93.21%) compared to non-ammoniated hay. There was quadratic effect for the pH with highest value observed at the level of 0.5% of urea (8.88), reducing the other levels of urea. The addition of urea levels was efficient to reduce the population of molds and yeasts, reducing from 6.50 log CFU/g in untreated hay with urea to 3.65 log CFU/g when added 4% of urea in the hay. The addition of urea resulted in increased contents of organic matter and crude protein hay buffelgrass, reaching the highest values with the use de 4.0% of urea, with 90.96% and 14.03%, respectively. The application of urea does not provide decreased in respect losses of dry matter, except at a level of 1.0%, however it is efficient in to reduce the population of molds and yeasts and elevate the crude protein of buffel grass hay.

Objetivou-se quantificar a população de mofos e leveduras, avaliar as perdas de matéria seca e a composição bromatológica de fenos de capim-buffel amonizados com ureia. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos compreenderam aos níveis de ureia (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0%), que foram adicionados aos fardos de feno com base na matéria seca. A inclusão de 1,0% de ureia elevou a recuperação de matéria seca (93,21%) em relação ao feno não amonizado. Observou-se efeito quadrático para o pH, com o maior valor observado no nível de 0,5% de ureia (8,88), reduzindo nos demais níveis de ureia. A adição de níveis de ureia foi eficiente em reduzir a população de mofos e leveduras, reduzindo de 6,50 log UFC/g no feno sem tratamento com ureia para 3,65 log UFC/g quando adicionados 4% de ureia no feno. A adição de ureia proporcionou aumento nos teores de matéria orgânica e proteína bruta dos fenos de capim-buffel, atingindo os maiores valores com a utilização de 4,0% de ureia, com 90,96% e 14,03% para matéria orgânica e proteína bruta, respectivamente. A aplicação de ureia não proporciona diminuição em relação às perdas de matéria seca, exceto na dose de 1,0%, no entanto, é eficiente em reduzir a população de mofos e leveduras e elevar os teores de proteína bruta de fenos de capim-buffel.

urea / Fenos de capim-buffel amonizados com ureia

The objective of this study was to quantify the population of molds and yeasts, evaluate losses dry matter and chemical composition of buffelgrass hay ammoniated with urea. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted the urea levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%) that were added to the hay bales based on dry matter. The inclusion of 1.0% of urea increased dry matter recovery (93.21%) compared to non-ammoniated hay. There was quadratic effect for the pH with highest value observed at the level of 0.5% of urea (8.88), reducing the other levels of urea. The addition of urea levels was efficient to reduce the population of molds and yeasts, reducing from 6.50 log CFU/g in untreated hay with urea to 3.65 log CFU/g when added 4% of urea in the hay. The addition of urea resulted in increased contents of organic matter and crude protein hay buffelgrass, reaching the highest values with the use de 4.0% of urea, with 90.96% and 14.03%, respectively. The application of urea does not provide decreased in respect losses of dry matter, except at a level of 1.0%, however it is efficient in to reduce the population of molds and yeasts and elevate the crude protein of buffel grass hay.

Objetivou-se quantificar a população de mofos e leveduras, avaliar as perdas de matéria seca e a composição bromatológica de fenos de capimbuffel amonizados com ureia. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos compreenderam aos níveis de ureia (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0%), que foram adicionados aos fardos de feno com base na matéria seca. A inclusão de 1,0% de ureia elevou a recuperação de matéria seca (93,21%) em relação ao feno não amonizado. Observou-se efeito quadrático para o pH, com o maior valor observado no nível de 0,5% de ureia (8,88), reduzindo nos demais níveis de ureia. A adição de níveis de ureia foi eficiente em reduzir a população de mofos e leveduras, reduzindo de 6,50 log UFC/g no feno sem tratamento com ureia para 3,65 log UFC/g quando adicionados 4% de ureia no feno. A adição de ureia proporcionou aumento nos teores de matéria orgânica e proteína bruta dos fenos de capim-buffel, atingindo os maiores valores com a utilização de 4,0% de ureia, com 90,96% e 14,03% para matéria orgânica e proteína bruta, respectivamente. A aplicação de ureia não proporciona diminuição em relação às perdas de matéria seca, exceto na dose de 1,0%, no entanto, é eficiente em reduzir a população de mofos e leveduras e elevar os teores de proteína bruta de fenos de capim-buffel.

BLEND DE TANINOS ASSOCIADOS COM SUPLEMENTO CONTENDO DIFERENTES TEORES DE PROTEÍNA DEGRADADA NO RÚMEN INCUBADOS COM FORRAGEM TROPICAL

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da incubação in vitro de capim Marandu com baixo e alto teor de proteína bruta associados com taninos e suplementos com diferentes teores de proteína degradada no rúmen (PDR) sobre parâmetros cinéticos, digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro (DIVFDN) e perfil de fermentação in vitro. Foram adicionados 0; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,15% MS da dieta incubada de um blend de taninos (Silvafeed-Bypro®, Silvateam) associado com baixa PDR (BPDR) e alta PDR (APDR). Em ambos os experimentos foram adotados como referência a recria de bovinos Nelore a pasto e fornecimento de suplemento múltiplo. No experimento 1 foi utilizada forragem com baixo teor de proteína bruta (PB, 5,30% PB) e proporção de 75,6% de volumoso e 24,4% de concentrado. No experimento 2 foi utilizado forragem de alto teor de proteína bruta (11,74% PB) e proporção de 85,6% de volumoso e 14,4% de concentrado na dieta dos animais. Para ambos experimentos foram utilizados inóculo ruminal de dois bovinos, canulados no rúmen. Em cada experimento, as incubações foram conduzidas em duas semanas consecutivas com a produção de gás (PG) mensurada pelo sistema automatizado da Ankom com intervalos de 10 minutos por 72 horas, totalizando 432 leituras. Foram avaliadas a DIVFDN, produção e perfil de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), produção de metano (CH4), concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e valores de pH. Ao incubar a forragem com baixa PB, foi observado interação entre as PDR e doses de taninos para as estimativas de VF, com efeito quadrático das doses de tanino para o suplemento APDR. Contudo, para a forragem de alta PB não foi verificado interação entre os teores de PDR e doses de taninos para todas as varáveis avaliadas. A APDR resultou em maior VF para a forragem de alta PB e taxa de produção de gás (Kd) para ambas as forragens. O suplemento com APDR aumentou a produção de gás em ambos experimentos. Esse suplemento resultou em maior DIVFDN, produção de AGCC, propionato, butirato, pH e NNH3 somente para a forragem de baixa PB, sem influenciar a DIVFDN e produção e perfil dos AGCC para a forragem de alta PB. Para a produção de CH4 foi verificado interação das PDR e doses de taninos com a forragem de baixa PB, com efeito quadrático das doses de tanino para BPDR e aumento linear para o APDR. Entretanto, com a forragem de alta PB, o suplemento APDR resultou em menor produção de CH4. As doses de taninos resultaram em comportamento diferente na produção de CH4 em relação aos teores de PDR incubados com a forragem de baixa PB. Houve efeito quadrático e linear para o suplemento BPDR e APDR, respectivamente. Porém, com a forragem de alta PDR não foi verificado efeito isolado das doses de taninos. O suplemento com APDR aumentou a PG para ambas as forragens, com aumento da DIVFDN somente para a forragem com baixa PB.

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of the in vitro incubation of Marandu grass with low and high crude protein content associated with tannins and supplements with different levels of rumen degraded protein (RDP) on kinetic parameters, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (IVDNDF) and in vitro fermentation profile. Were added 0; 0.05; 0.10 and 0.15% DM of the incubated diet of a tannin blend (Silvafeed-Bypro®, Silvateam) associated with low RDP (LRDP) and high RDP (HRDP). In both experiments, were used as reference Nelore cattle rearing on pasture and multiple supplementation. In the experiment 1, forages with low crude protein (CP, 5,30% CP) content and proportion of 75.6% of bulky and 24.4% of concentrate were used. In the experiment 2, forages of high crude protein (11,74% CP) and proportion of 85.6% of bulky and 14.4% of concentrate in the animals diet were used. For both experiments, ruminal inoculum of two cattle, cannulated in the rumen, were used. In each experiment, the incubations were conducted in two consecutive weeks with gas production (GP) measured by Ankoms automated system with 10 minute of intervals for 72 hours, totaling 432 readings. The (IVDNDF), production and profile of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), methane production (CH4), ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH values were evaluated. When incubating the forage with low CP, interaction between the RDP and tannin doses was observed for the final volume (FV) estimates, with quadratic effect of the tannin doses for the HRDP supplement. However, for high CP forage, no interaction between RDP levels and tannin doses was observed for all variables evaluated. The HRDP resulted in higher FV for high CP forage and gas production rate (Kd) for both forages. The HRDP supplement increased gas production in both experiments. This supplement resulted in higher IVDNDF, production of SCFA, propionate, butyrate, pH and N-NH3 only for low CP forage, without influencing the IVDNDF and production and profile of SCFA for high CP forage. For the production of CH4, it was verified the interaction of the RDP and tannin doses with the low CP forage, with quadratic effect of the tannin doses for LRDP and linear increase for the HRDP. However, with high CP forage, the HRDP supplement resulted in lower CH4 production. The tannin doses resulted in different behavior in the production of CH4 in relation to the contents of RDP incubated with low CP forage. There was a quadratic and linear effect for the supplement LRDP and HRDP, respectively. However, with the high RDP forage, no isolated effect of tannin doses was observed. The supplement with HRDP increased GP for both forages, with increase of IVDNDF only for low CP forage.