ELISA of amyloid A in paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum samples of healthy horses / Detecção de amilóide A no lavado broncoalveolar de equinos hígidos

Pulmonary disorders are common in horses, and treatment efficiency depends on an adequate diagnosis. Amyloid A is the most sensitive indicator of pathology in horses. The objective of this study was to establish the concentration of amyloid A of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy horses. Health condition of horses was considered normal based on physical examination, complete blood count, biochemical parameters, and BALF cytology. Blood and BALF were collected from thirty adult female horses. Amyloid A concentrations in serum and BALF were measured using commercial ELISA tests. Amyloid A was detected in serum (mean ± SD = 3.71±2.51) and BALF (mean ± SD = 0.000745±0.000785) of all horses. In conclusion, SAA can also be measured in bronchoalveolar fluid, affording early detection of respiratory infections or inflammatory conditions.(AU)

Distúrbios pulmonares são comuns nos cavalos e a eficiência do tratamento depende de um diagnóstico adequado e precoce. A amilóide A é um biomarcador sensível na deteccção de patologias inflamatórias e infecciososa em cavalos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a concentração de amilóide A no líquido broncoalveolar (LBA) em cavalos saudáveis. Os cavalos foram considerados saudaveis baseado nos achados de normalidade do exame físico, hemograma, parâmetros bioquímicos e citologia do LBA. Sangue e LBA foram coletados de 30 fêmeas equinas adultas. Os níveis de Amilóide A no soro e no LBA foram mensurados por meio do teste de ELISA. A amilóide A foi detectada no soro (média ± DP = 3,71±2,51) e no LBA (média ± DP = 0,000745±0,000785) de todos os animais. Conclui-se que a amilóide A também pode ser mensurada no LBA, auxiliando no diagnóstico precoce de processos inflamatórios e infecciosos pulmonares.(AU)

ELISA of amyloid A in paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum samples of healthy horses / Detecção de amilóide A no lavado broncoalveolar de equinos hígidos

Pulmonary disorders are common in horses, and treatment efficiency depends on an adequate diagnosis. Amyloid A is the most sensitive indicator of pathology in horses. The objective of this study was to establish the concentration of amyloid A of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy horses. Health condition of horses was considered normal based on physical examination, complete blood count, biochemical parameters, and BALF cytology. Blood and BALF were collected from thirty adult female horses. Amyloid A concentrations in serum and BALF were measured using commercial ELISA tests. Amyloid A was detected in serum (mean ± SD = 3.71±2.51) and BALF (mean ± SD = 0.000745±0.000785) of all horses. In conclusion, SAA can also be measured in bronchoalveolar fluid, affording early detection of respiratory infections or inflammatory conditions.(AU)

Distúrbios pulmonares são comuns nos cavalos e a eficiência do tratamento depende de um diagnóstico adequado e precoce. A amilóide A é um biomarcador sensível na deteccção de patologias inflamatórias e infecciososa em cavalos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a concentração de amilóide A no líquido broncoalveolar (LBA) em cavalos saudáveis. Os cavalos foram considerados saudaveis baseado nos achados de normalidade do exame físico, hemograma, parâmetros bioquímicos e citologia do LBA. Sangue e LBA foram coletados de 30 fêmeas equinas adultas. Os níveis de Amilóide A no soro e no LBA foram mensurados por meio do teste de ELISA. A amilóide A foi detectada no soro (média ± DP = 3,71±2,51) e no LBA (média ± DP = 0,000745±0,000785) de todos os animais. Conclui-se que a amilóide A também pode ser mensurada no LBA, auxiliando no diagnóstico precoce de processos inflamatórios e infecciosos pulmonares.(AU)

Serum amyloid A and muscle activity biomarkers in horses submitted to equestrian show jumping / Biomarcadores de amilóide sérica A e de atividade muscular em cavalos submetidos a salto equestre

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum amyloid A (SAA) and biomarkers of muscle activity of horses submitted to show jumping activity. To do this, the variables SAA, glucose, lactate and the biomarkers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were evaluated in 10 horses submitted to the show jumping exercise in a tournament for beginners. The evaluations occurred before exercise (T0), immediately after (T1), 30 minutes (T2), 60 minutes (T3) and 24 hours after the end (T4). Data were evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The statistical software SAEG 9.1 was used to verify the level of significance between the moments for P<0.05. Glucose presented a difference between the moments T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) and T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). Lactate presented elevation in T1 (15.3±6.1mmol/L) compared to the others T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) and T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). The CK showed a significant difference between T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) and T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) and between T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) with T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). The AST presented no difference between moments. The show jumping activity with one-meter obstacles did not induce changes in the SAA protein between the moments.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a amilóide sérica A (SAA) e biomarcadores de atividade muscular de equinos submetidos a atividade de salto, ou hipismo clássico. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as variáveis SAA, glicose, lactato e os biomarcadores creatina quinase (CK) e aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) em 10 equinos submetidos ao exercício de saltos em torneio para iniciantes. As avaliações ocorreram antes do exercício (T0), imediatamente após (T1), 30 minutos (T2), 60 minutos (T3) e 24 horas após o término (T4). Os dados foram avaliados utilizando análise de variância para medidas repetidas. O software estatístico SAEG 9.1 foi utilizado para verificar o nível de significância entre os momentos para P<0,05. A glicose diferenciou-se entre os momentos T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) e T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). O lactado apresentou elevação comparada com o momento T1(15.3±6.1mmol/L) e os demais T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) e T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). A CK mostrou diferença significativa entre T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) e T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) e entre T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) com T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). A AST não apresentou diferença entre os momentos. A atividade de hipismo clássico com obstáculos de um metro não induziu alterações na proteína SAA entre os momentos.(AU)

Serum amyloid A and muscle activity biomarkers in horses submitted to equestrian show jumping / Biomarcadores de amilóide sérica A e de atividade muscular em cavalos submetidos a salto equestre

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum amyloid A (SAA) and biomarkers of muscle activity of horses submitted to show jumping activity. To do this, the variables SAA, glucose, lactate and the biomarkers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were evaluated in 10 horses submitted to the show jumping exercise in a tournament for beginners. The evaluations occurred before exercise (T0), immediately after (T1), 30 minutes (T2), 60 minutes (T3) and 24 hours after the end (T4). Data were evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The statistical software SAEG 9.1 was used to verify the level of significance between the moments for P<0.05. Glucose presented a difference between the moments T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) and T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). Lactate presented elevation in T1 (15.3±6.1mmol/L) compared to the others T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) and T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). The CK showed a significant difference between T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) and T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) and between T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) with T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). The AST presented no difference between moments. The show jumping activity with one-meter obstacles did not induce changes in the SAA protein between the moments.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a amilóide sérica A (SAA) e biomarcadores de atividade muscular de equinos submetidos a atividade de salto, ou hipismo clássico. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as variáveis SAA, glicose, lactato e os biomarcadores creatina quinase (CK) e aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) em 10 equinos submetidos ao exercício de saltos em torneio para iniciantes. As avaliações ocorreram antes do exercício (T0), imediatamente após (T1), 30 minutos (T2), 60 minutos (T3) e 24 horas após o término (T4). Os dados foram avaliados utilizando análise de variância para medidas repetidas. O software estatístico SAEG 9.1 foi utilizado para verificar o nível de significância entre os momentos para P<0,05. A glicose diferenciou-se entre os momentos T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) e T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). O lactado apresentou elevação comparada com o momento T1(15.3±6.1mmol/L) e os demais T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) e T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). A CK mostrou diferença significativa entre T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) e T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) e entre T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) com T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). A AST não apresentou diferença entre os momentos. A atividade de hipismo clássico com obstáculos de um metro não induziu alterações na proteína SAA entre os momentos.(AU)

Serum amyloid A and muscle activity biomarkers in horses submitted to equestrian show jumping

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum amyloid A (SAA) and biomarkers of muscle activity of horses submitted to show jumping activity. To do this, the variables SAA, glucose, lactate and the biomarkers creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were evaluated in 10 horses submitted to the show jumping exercise in a tournament for beginners. The evaluations occurred before exercise (T0), immediately after (T1), 30 minutes (T2), 60 minutes (T3) and 24 hours after the end (T4). Data were evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures. The statistical software SAEG 9.1 was used to verify the level of significance between the moments for P 0.05. Glucose presented a difference between the moments T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) and T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). Lactate presented elevation in T1 (15.3±6.1mmol/L) compared to the others T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) and T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). The CK showed a significant difference between T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) and T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) and between T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) with T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). The AST presented no difference between moments. The show jumping activity with one-meter obstacles did not induce changes in the SAA protein between the moments.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a amilóide sérica A (SAA) e biomarcadores de atividade muscular de equinos submetidos a atividade de salto, ou hipismo clássico. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as variáveis SAA, glicose, lactato e os biomarcadores creatina quinase (CK) e aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) em 10 equinos submetidos ao exercício de saltos em torneio para iniciantes. As avaliações ocorreram antes do exercício (T0), imediatamente após (T1), 30 minutos (T2), 60 minutos (T3) e 24 horas após o término (T4). Os dados foram avaliados utilizando análise de variância para medidas repetidas. O software estatístico SAEG 9.1 foi utilizado para verificar o nível de significância entre os momentos para P 0,05. A glicose diferenciou-se entre os momentos T0 (97.7±13.3mg/dL) e T1 (79.7±14.1mg/dL). O lactado apresentou elevação comparada com o momento T1(15.3±6.1mmol/L) e os demais T0 (3.8±0.8mmol/L), T2 (6.5±3.9mmol/L), T3 (5.3±2.2mmol/L) e T4 (5.1±1.6mmol/L). A CK mostrou diferença significativa entre T0 (82.8±51.2U/L) e T1 (140.1±58.5U/L) e entre T4 (74.4±43.1U/L) com T1 (140.1±58.5U/L). A AST não apresentou diferença entre os momentos. A atividade de hipismo clássico com obstáculos de um metro não induziu alterações na proteína SAA entre os momentos.

Detection of serum amyloid-A concentration in the calf clinically diagnosed with pneumonia, enteritis and pneumoenteritis / A detecção de amilóide-A concentração sérica em bezerros com diagnóstico clínico de pneumonia, enterite e pneumoenterites

The aim of this study is to determine serum amyloid-A (SAA) concentration in the cases of pneumonia, pneumoenteritis, and enteritis which are frequently encountered in calves in veterinary medicine. Although a great deal of experimental studies has been conducted in this field, studies on naturally infected calves are quite few. Eighty calves at the age of 0-6 months were used in the study and the calves were divided into four groups. Due to the clinical examination, the calves diagnosed with pneumonia (Group P; n=20), with pneumoenteritis (Group PE; n=20) and with enteritis (Group E; n=20) formed the disease group as the healthy ones formed the control (Group C; n=20) group. After the body temperatures of all calves were taken, blood samples were obtained from Jugular vein for haematological and biochemical measurements. As haematological, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) measurements were performed in Veterinary Hematology Analyzer. Serum amyloid-A (SAA), interleukin 1 (IL-1;), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-; (TNF-;) concentration measurements were carried out with ELISA reader by using commercial kits. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (T. Bil), total protein (TP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration measurements (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo é determinar amilóide A (SAA) da concentração sérica nos casos de pneumonia, pneumoenterites e enterite, que são frequentemente encontrados em bezerros em medicina veterinária. Apesar de uma grande quantidade de estudos experimentais terem sido realizados neste campo, os estudos sobre animais com infecção natural são muito poucos. 80 vitelos com a idade de 0-6 meses de idade foram utilizados no estudo e os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos. Devido ao exame clínico, os bezerros diagnosticados com pneumonia (Grupo P; n=20), com pneumoenterites (Grupo PE; n=20) e com enterite (Grupo E; n=20) formaram o grupo de doença, como as saudáveis, 3;3;formando o grupo controle (Grupo C; n=20). Após as temperaturas corporais de todos os bezerros, foram tomadas amostras de sangue que foram obtidas de veia jugular para medições hematológicas e bioquímicas. Como hematológica, glóbulos brancos (WBC), glóbulos vermelhos (RBC), hemoglobina (Hb) e hematócrito (HCT) foram realizados em Hematologia Veterinária Analyzer. O soro amilóide-A (SAA), a interleucina 1 (IL-1;), interleucina 6 (IL-6), fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-;) medidas de concentração foram efectuadas com um leitor de ELISA, utilizando kits comerciais. Aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), albumina (ALB), bilirrubina total (T. Bil), proteína total (TP), gama glutamiltransferase (AU)

Detection of serum amyloid-A concentration in the calf clinically diagnosed with pneumonia, enteritis and pneumoenteritis

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to determine serum amyloid-A (SAA) concentration in the cases of pneumonia, pneumoenteritis, and enteritis which are frequently encountered in calves in veterinary medicine. Although a great deal of experimental studies has been conducted in this field, studies on naturally infected calves are quite few. Eighty calves at the age of 0-6 months were used in the study and the calves were divided into four groups. Due to the clinical examination, the calves diagnosed with pneumonia (Group P; n=20), with pneumoenteritis (Group PE; n=20) and with enteritis (Group E; n=20) formed the disease group as the healthy ones formed the control (Group C; n=20) group. After the body temperatures of all calves were taken, blood samples were obtained from Jugular vein for haematological and biochemical measurements. As haematological, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) measurements were performed in Veterinary Hematology Analyzer. Serum amyloid-A (SAA), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) concentration measurements were carried out with ELISA reader by using commercial kits. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (T. Bil), total protein (TP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration measurements were conducted in autoanalyzer by using commercial kits. In all disease groups (P, PE, and E) body temperature, haematologic parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct), serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALB, T. Bil, TP, GGT and BUN), SAA concentration and serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-) were determined to be higher in comparison to the control group (P 0.005). According to these findings, routine measurement of serum SAA concentration in veterinary medicine is considered to be beneficial in determining the severity of the disease, in selecting the proper treatment, in monitoring the applied treatment, and detecting subclinical diseases. In the light of these findings we acknowledge that routine measurements of serum SAA concentration from the moment the calves are diagnosed with pneumonia, enteritis and pneumoenteritis in veterinary medicine until the actual cause is determined (bacteria, virus, parasites, etc.) would avail the clinician to, identify the severity of the disease, select the appropriate treatment and monitor the effectiveness of the treatment.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é determinar amilóide A (SAA) da concentração sérica nos casos de pneumonia, pneumoenterites e enterite, que são frequentemente encontrados em bezerros em medicina veterinária. Apesar de uma grande quantidade de estudos experimentais terem sido realizados neste campo, os estudos sobre animais com infecção natural são muito poucos. 80 vitelos com a idade de 0-6 meses de idade foram utilizados no estudo e os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos. Devido ao exame clínico, os bezerros diagnosticados com pneumonia (Grupo P; n=20), com pneumoenterites (Grupo PE; n=20) e com enterite (Grupo E; n=20) formaram o grupo de doença, como as saudáveis, formando o grupo controle (Grupo C; n=20). Após as temperaturas corporais de todos os bezerros, foram tomadas amostras de sangue que foram obtidas de veia jugular para medições hematológicas e bioquímicas. Como hematológica, glóbulos brancos (WBC), glóbulos vermelhos (RBC), hemoglobina (Hb) e hematócrito (HCT) foram realizados em Hematologia Veterinária Analyzer. O soro amilóide-A (SAA), a interleucina 1 (IL-1), interleucina 6 (IL-6), fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-) medidas de concentração foram efectuadas com um leitor de ELISA, utilizando kits comerciais. Aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), albumina (ALB), bilirrubina total (T. Bil), proteína total (TP), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), ureia (BUN) às medições das concentrações foram realizadas em auto-analisador por utilizandos kits comerciais. Em todos os grupos de doenças (P, PE, e E), a temperatura corporal, parâmetros hematológicos (WBC, RBC, Hb e Hct), parâmetros bioquímicos de soro (AST, ALT, ALB, T. Bil, TP, GGT e BUN), a concentração SAA e as concentrações séricas de citocinas (IL-1, IL-6 e TNF-) foram determinadas a ser mais elevadas em comparação com o grupo controle (P 0,005). De acordo com estas descobertas, a medição rotineira da concentração de soro SAA em medicina veterinária é considerada benéfica para determinar a gravidade da doença, na selecção de um tratamento adequado, no seguimento do tratamento aplicado e para a detecção de doenças subclínicas. À luz desses resultados, reconhecemos que as medições de rotina da concentração SAA soro do momento em que os bezerros são diagnosticadas com pneumonia, enterite e pneumoenterites em medicina veterinária, até que a causa real seja determinada (bactérias, vírus, parasitas, etc.), seria aproveitar o clínico, a fim de identificar a gravidade da doença, além de seleccionar o tratamento adequado e monitorar a eficácia do tratamento.

Acute-phase proteins and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cattle infected with subclinical parasitic infections

Background: The acute phase response (APR) has been well documented for clinical infections. There are relatively few reports regarding the potential uses of acute phase proteins (APP) for the recognition of subclinical infection. Until now, There have been no reports published on the development of the APR in subclinical infection with parasites. Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important APPs for cattle. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered a major immune and inflammatory mediator and the principal regulator of most APPs. This study was carried out to ascertain the levels of SAA, Hp and IL-6 in cattle infected with low levels of various parasites.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty six slaughtered cattle (20 male, 16 female) of varying ages were used. Clinical findings such as pain, redness, slackness, diarrhoea or fever were not seen in these cattle. Blood samples were taken into vacutainers without heparin during slaughter, the internal organs of the cattle were examined postmortem for possible infections and faecal samples were collected. For detection, Benedects sedimentation was used for trematode infections, saturated water flotation was used for cestode and nematode infections, and the Baermann - Wetzel method was used for lungworm infections. A total of 28 cattle with parasitic infection were evaluated as the study group and eight parasitologically...(AU)

Acute-phase proteins and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cattle infected with subclinical parasitic infections

Background: The acute phase response (APR) has been well documented for clinical infections. There are relatively few reports regarding the potential uses of acute phase proteins (APP) for the recognition of subclinical infection. Until now, There have been no reports published on the development of the APR in subclinical infection with parasites. Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important APPs for cattle. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered a major immune and inflammatory mediator and the principal regulator of most APPs. This study was carried out to ascertain the levels of SAA, Hp and IL-6 in cattle infected with low levels of various parasites.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty six slaughtered cattle (20 male, 16 female) of varying ages were used. Clinical findings such as pain, redness, slackness, diarrhoea or fever were not seen in these cattle. Blood samples were taken into vacutainers without heparin during slaughter, the internal organs of the cattle were examined postmortem for possible infections and faecal samples were collected. For detection, Benedects sedimentation was used for trematode infections, saturated water flotation was used for cestode and nematode infections, and the Baermann - Wetzel method was used for lungworm infections. A total of 28 cattle with parasitic infection were evaluated as the study group and eight parasitologically...

Efeito terapêutico do pentosan polissulfatado sódico sobre a osteoartrite de equinos

GRIGOLETTO, R. Efeito terapêutico do pentosan polisulfatado sódico sobre a osteoartrite de equinos. 80f. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2020. A deterioração progressiva e perda da cartilagem articular são os eventos finais da osteoartrite (OA) em equinos, causando dor e comprometendo o desempenho atlético. A grande incidência da osteoartrite em equinos justifica a realização de pesquisas envolvendo novas técnicas terapêutica para doenças articulares. Para isso, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente o tratamento da OA em equinos com Fenilbutazona, via intravenoso (IV) ou Pentosan Polisulfatado Sódio (PPS), via intra-articular (IA). Foram utilizados dez equinos, com idade media de 13,4 anos e diagnosticados com OA por avaliação radiográfica, os quais foram submetidos a administração de fenilbutazona intravenosa, durante cinco dias (Tratamento 1), seguido de um período de washout de 7 dias e administração IA de Pentosan Polisulfatado Sódio (PPS), a cada sete dias, em um total de quatro aplicações (T0, T7, T14, T21; Tratamento 2). Foram realizados exames de claudicação, grau de efusão sinovial, inspeção visual e avaliação em líquido sinovial da articulação envolvida quanto à concentração da citocina IL-6 e da proteína de fase aguda amilóide sérico A antes do início do experimento (D0) e após tratamento com fenilbutazona (D5), antes do início da administração de PPS IA (T0) e a cada sete dias (T7, T14, T21, T28) e após 30 e 60 dias (T30 e T60). Foi realizado exame hematológico, bioquímica sérica (função hepática e renal) e avaliação bioquímica e citológica de líquido sinovial antes do início do tratamento 2 (T0) e após a última administração IA de PPS (T28), a fim de avaliar alterações sistêmicas e ou locais que a administração de PPS IA poderia causar. Foi observado menor grau de claudicação quando os animais receberam PPS IA, em relação a quando os animais foram tratados com fenilbutazona IV, assim como as concentrações de IL-6 e ASA foram menores no tratamento 2 (p < 0.05). A administração repetida de PPS IA promoveu aumento da efusão sinovial, de maneira reversível e elevação da celularidade sinovial, sem alterações hematológicas ou de função hepática e renal. Conclui-se que o PPS administrado por via intra-articular em equinos, auxilia os animais acometidos por osteoartrite, reduzindo dor e inflamação sinovial, sem efeitos indesejáveis sistêmicos.

GRIGOLETTO, R. Therapeutic effect of sodium polysulfated pentosan on equine osteoarthritis. 80f. PhD Thesis Faculdade de Zotecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 2020. Progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage are the final events of osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, causing pain and impairing athletic performance. The high incidence of osteoarthritis in horses justifies conducting research involving new therapeutic techniques for articular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate comparatively the treatment of OA in horses with intravenous (IV) phenylbutazone or Pentosan polysulfated sodium (PPS) by intra-articular (IA). Ten horses, with an average age of 13.4 years and diagnosed with OA by radiographic evaluation, were submitted to intravenous phenylbutazone for five days (Treatment 1) followed by a washout period of 7 days and IA administration of Pentosan Polysulfated Sodium (PPS) every seven days for a total of four applications (T0, T7, T14, T21; Treatment 2). Lameness, synovial effusion, visual inspection, and synovial fluid assessment of the involved articular were performed for the concentration of IL-6 cytokine and serum acute amyloid protein A. The experimental period was conducted before the initial of experiment (D0) and after phenylbutazone treatment (D5), also before PPS IA (T0) administration and every seven days (T7, T14, T21, T28) and after 30 and 60 days (T30 and T60). Hematological examination, serum biochemistry (liver and renal function), biochemical and cytological evaluation of synovial fluid were performed before initiation of treatment 2 (T0) and after the last PPS IA administration (T28) to assess systemic changes and/or sites that administration of PPS IA could cause. Lower lameness was observed when animals received PPS IA compared to when animals were treated with phenylbutazone IV as well as IL-6 and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were lower in treatment 2 (p <0.05). Repeated administration of PPS IA promoted a reversible increase in synovial effusion and elevation of synovial cellularity, without hematological or hepatic and renal function changes. It can be concluded that intra-articular PPS administered to horses helps animals with osteoarthritis, reducing pain and synovial inflammation without systemic undesirable effects.

PERFIL DAS PROTEÍNAS DE FASE AGUDA EM GATOS COM DOENÇA DO TRATO URINÁRIO INFERIOR OBSTRUTIVA

A doença do trato urinário inferior em felinos (DTUIF) apresenta diversos fatores etiológicos, sendo a forma obstrutiva a mais grave. As proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) são biomarcadores utilizados para avaliar processos inflamatórios sistêmicos. A Alfa-1 Glicoproteína Ácida e o Amilóide A Sérico são PFAs positivas e major, o fibrinogênio é PFA minor e a albumina é negativa em gatos. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar as concentrações séricas das proteínas de fase aguda, Amilóide A sérico, Alfa-1 Glicoproteína Ácida, fibrinogênio e albumina e utilizá-las como biomarcadores de inflamação no monitoramento do processo inflamatório de gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior obstrutiva. Foram avaliados 25 gatos, machos, sem predileção de raça e idade, divididos em dois grupos experimentais, GC - grupo controle com oito gatos hígidos e GO - grupo obstruído com 17 gatos diagnosticados com DTUIF obstrutiva. Foram coletadas amostras para determinação das PFAs, bioquímica sérica, urinálise e UP/C nos M0, M12, M24 e M48 no GO e no GC somente no primeiro momento. As determinações das PFAs foram realizadas com os kits de ELISA para SAA, Kit Cat Serum Amyloid A Elisa (LIFE-SAA-8) e AGP, Kit Cat Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Elisa (LIFE-AGP-8), ambos marca: Life Diagnostics®. No M0 houve correlações positivas de SAA, AGP e fibrinogênio com ureia e creatinina e correlação negativa de albumina com hematúria, SAA e potássio. No M48, houve correlações positivas entre SAA e AGP, AGP e ureia, fibrinogênio com ureia, creatinina, AGP e SAA. Além disso, observou-se correlação negativa de albumina com ureia e creatinina. As PFAs SAA, AGP, fibrinogênio e albumina podem ser utilizadas como biomarcadores da inflamação sistêmica e no monitoramento do tratamento clínico de gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior obstrutiva.

The Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) presents several etiologic factors, with the obstructive form representing the most severe. The acute phase proteins (APPs) are biomarkers used to evaluate systemic inflammatory processes. In cats, Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein and Serum Amyloid A are major positive APPs, fibrinogen is a minor APP and albumin is a negative APP. This study aims at determining the serum concentrations of acute phase proteins Serum Amyloid A, Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein, fibrinogen and albumin, in addition of using them as biomarkers of inflammation during the monitoring of the inflammatory processes of cats with obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease. A total of 25 male cats were recruited for the study irrespective of breed and age, and were divided into two experimental groups: the control group (CG), comprised of eight healthy cats; and the obstruction group (OG), comprised of 17 cats diagnosed with obstructive FLUTD. Samples were collected for APP analysis, serum biochemical assay, urinalysis and UP/C determination at M0, M12, M24 and M48 in the OG, and at M0 in the CG. The concentrations of the APPs were determined using commercially-available ELISA kits for SAA (Kit Cat Serum Amyloid A Elisa, LIFE-SAA-8) and AGP (Kit Cat Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein Elisa, LIFE-AGP-8) (Life Diagnostics®). At M0, there were positive correlations of SAA, AGP and fibrinogen with urea and creatinine, as well as negative correlations between albumin and hematuria, and SAA and potassium. At M48, there were positive correlations between SAA and AGP, AGP and urea, fibrinogen and urea, fibrinogen and creatinine, fibrinogen and AGP, and fibrinogen and SAA. In addition, there was a negative correlation of albumin with urea and creatinine. SAA, AGP, fibrinogen and albumin may be used as biomarkers of inflammatory process in cats with obstructive FLUTD, aiding in the monitoring of the treatment.

Proteínas de fase aguda em cães: possíveis aplicações em cirurgia / Acute phase proteins in dogs: possible applications in surgery / Proteínas de fase aguda en perros: posibles aplicaciones en cirugía

As proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) são um grupo de proteínas do sangue que apresentam alteração nas suas concentrações em animais acometidos por infecções, inflamações, submetidos a trauma cirúrgico ou mesmo o estresse. A magnitude do aumento das proteínas de fase aguda está relacionada à intensidade do trauma cirúrgico. Como a concentração sanguínea das proteínas de fase aguda é diretamente proporcional ao grau de lesão tecidual e/ou de inflamação, espera-se que animais com complicações pós-operatórias apresentem concentrações protéicas mais elevadas. Assim, as PFAS podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas para monitorar a intensidade da resposta inflamatória e como marcadores precoces de complicações pós-operatórias.

The acute phase proteins (APP) are blood proteins that change their serum concentrations in animals with infections, inflamations, trauma, surgery or stress. The magnitude of increase of the APP is related to the intensity of surgical trauma. The serum concentration of the APPs is directly proportional to the degree of tissue injury and/or inflammation. Therefore animals with postsurgical complications will have increasead concentrations of APPs. Thus, the APP concentrations may be an useful tool for evaluate the intensity of the inflammatory response to surgical trauma and as diagnostic markers of early postoperative complications.

Las proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) son un grupo de proteínas de la sangre que muestran cambios en sus concentraciones en los animales que sufren de infecciones, inflamaciones, e trauma quirúrgico. La magnitud del aumento en las proteínas de fase aguda está relacionada con la intensidad del trauma quirúrgico. A medida que la concentración en sangre de las proteínas de fase aguda es directamente proporcional al grado de lesión de los tejidos y / o la inflamación, se espera que los animales con las complicaciones postoperatorias presentan mayores concentraciones de proteína. Por lo tanto, las PFAs puedem usarse como herramientas para supervisar la intensidad de la respuesta inflamatoria como marcadores tempranos de complicaciones postoperatorias.

Serum acute phase proteins in cows with SARA (Subacute Ruminal Acidosis) suspect / Proteínas séricas de fase aguda em vacas com suspeita de SARA (Subacute Ruminal Acidosis)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations of Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) and other blood constituents during the onset of the sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) pathological status. A total of 108 cows from 12 dairy herds were randomly selected and divided into three Groups of 36 animals each. All animals were subjected to a rumenocentesis. Group A was composed by subjects with a rumen pH>5.8, Group B was composed by subjects with a rumen pH ≤5.5≤5.8 and Group C was composed by subjects with a rumen pH<5.5. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Total Proteins, Albumin and White Blood Cells (WBC) were determined. One-way ANOVA showed a statistical significance on Rumen pH, Hp, SAA. SARA seems not stimulate the APPs production from liver.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variações de Proteínas de Fase Aguda (APPs) e outros constituintes sanguíneos durante o início do status patológico de sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA). O total de 108 vacas de 12 rebanhos leiteiros foram aleatoriamente selecionados e divididos em três grupos com 36 animais cada. Todos os animais foram submetidos a ruminocentesis. O Grupo A foi composto por sujeitos com rumen pH>5.8, o Grupo B foi composto por sujeitos com rumen pH ≤5.5≤5.8 e o Grupo C foi composto por sujeitos com rumen pH<5.5. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletas por punção venosa jugular e Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Proteínas totais, Albumin e células brancas do sangue (WBC) foram determinadas. ANOVA em via única mostrou significância estatística em Rumen pH, Hp, SAA. SARA não parece estimular a produção de APPs pelo fígado.(AU)

Proteínas de fase aguda e sua relação com biomarcadores de atividade muscular de equinos submetidos a evento de hipismo clássico

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as proteínas de fase aguda amiloide sérica A e haptoglobina e estabelecer sua relação com biomarcadores de atividade muscular de equinos submetidos à atividade de hipismo clássico. Modalidade esportiva que envolve o maior número de equinos em todo o mundo. Como qualquer modalidade esportiva, no hipismo clássico há dois importantes desafios que são garantir a saúde do animal e aperfeiçoar o desempenho atlético. Para tal, foram avaliadas as variáveis glicose, lactato, amilóide sérica A (SAA), haptoglobina (Hp) e os biomarcadores de atividade muscular creatino quinase (CK) e aspartato amino transferase (AST), bem como a relação entre eles, em 10 equinos submetidos ao exercício de hipismo clássico em evento competitivo. As avaliações ocorreram antes do exercício (M0), imediatamente após (M1), 30 minutos (M2), 60 minutos (M3) e 24 horas após o término (M4). Foi empregado o pacote estatístico SAEG 9.1 (SAEG/UFV, 2007) para verificação do nível de significância entre os momentos para P<0,05 e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para checar a relação entre as proteínas de fase aguda e os biomarcadores de atividade muscular. Verificou-se diferença significativa na variável glicose entre M0 (97,7±13,3mg/dL) e M1 (79,7±14,1mg/dL), sem diferença entre os outros momentos M2 (93,1±14,9mg/dL), M3 (90,8±8,4mg/dL) e M4 (91,7±10,6mg/dL). O lactato diferenciou significativamente entre M1 (15,28±6,1mmol/L) e os demais M0 (3,75±0,8mmol/L), M2 (6,5±3,9mmol/L), M3 (5,3±2,2mmol/L) e M4 (5,1±1,6mmol/L). A CK apresentou diferença significativa entre M0 (82,8±51,2UI/L) e apenas M1 (140,1±58,5UI/L) e entre os momentos M4 (74,4±43,1UI/L) com M1, M2 (135,0±85,5UI/L) e M3 (121,4±54,0UI/L). A AST não apresentou diferença entre os momentos M0 (206±39,0UI/L), M1 (207,4±28,9UI/L), M2 (209,4±25,7UI/L), M3 (210,4±25,4UI/L) e M4 (184,9±31,1UI/L). Não foi verificada diferença na proteína SAA entre os momentos M0 (74,2±78,1ng/mL), M1, (78,7±78,6ng/mL), M2 (64,2±76,0ng/mL), M3 (84,5±74,9ng/mL) e M4 72,6±84,6ng/mL. A proteína Hp também não apresentou diferença significativa entre os momentos M0 (34,0±78,1mg/dL), M1 (56,1±19,9mg/dL), M2 (48,4±21,4mg/dL), M3 (47,4±22,1mg/dL) e M4 (48,9±17,7mg/dL). Não foi verificada correlação entre proteínas de fase aguda e biomarcadores de atividade muscular (-0,153).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) to establish their relationship with biomarkers of muscle activity of horses submitted to event jumping activity. Sport that involves the largest number of horses in the world. Like any sport, in event jumping there are two important challenges that are to ensure the animal's health and to improve athletic performance. To do this, the variables glucose, lactate, SAA, Hp and the biomarkers of muscle activity creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were evaluated, as well as the relationship between them in 10 horses submitted to the event jumping exercise in a tournament. The evaluations occurred before exercise (M0), immediately after (M1), 30 minutes (M2), 60 minutes (M3) and 24 hours after the end (M4). The statistical package SAEG 9.1 (SAEG / UFV, 2007) was used to verify the level of significance between the moments for P <0.05 and Pearson's correlation coefficient to verify the relationship between the acute phase proteins and the biomarkers of muscle activity. There was a significant difference in glucose between M0 (97.7 ± 13.3mg/dL) and M1 (79.7 ± 14.1mg/dL), with no difference between the other M2 moments (93.1 ± 14.9mg/dL), M3 (90.8 ± 8.4 mg/dL) and M4 (91.7 ± 10.6 mg/dL). The lactate significantly differed between M1 (15.28 ± 6.1 mmol/L) and the others M0 (3.75 ± 0.8 mmol/L), M2 (6.5 ± 3.9 mmol/L), M3 3 ± 2.2 mmol/L) and M4 (5.1 ± 1.6 mmol/L). The CK showed a significant difference between M0 (82.8 ± 51.2 UI/L) and M1 only (140.1 ± 58.5 UI/L) and between M4 moments (74.4 ± 43.1 UI/L) with M1, M2 (135.0 ± 85.5 IU/L) and M3 (121.4 ± 54.0 IU/L). The AST presented no difference between moments M0 (206 ± 39.0 UI/L), M1 (207.4 ± 28.9 UI/L), M2 (209.4 ± 25.7 UI/L), M3 ± 25.4 IU/L) and M4 (184.9 ± 31.1 IU/L). No differences were observed in the SAA protein between the moments M0 (74.2 ± 78.1 ng/mL), M1 (78.7 ± 78.6 ng/mL), M2 (64.2 ± 76.0 ng/mL) M3 (84.5 ± 74.9 ng/mL) and M4 72.6 ± 84.6 ng/mL. The Hp protein also showed no significant difference between M0 (34.0 ± 78.1 mg/dL), M1 (56.1 ± 19.9 mg/dL), M2 (48.4 ± 21.4 mg/dL) M3 (47.4 ± 22.1 mg/dL) and M4 (48.9 ± 17.7 mg/dL). There was no correlation between acute phase proteins and biomarkers of muscle activity (-0,153).

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid a responses in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus

Background: The acute-phase response to infection is also characterized by an increase in protein turnover plus an increased loss of protein. Leukocyte proliferation and the synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins and positive acute phase proteins(APPs) contribute to protein turnover APPs levels, as markers of inflammation, usually rise significantly during the course of acute and chronic infections in the bovine. There has been a great interest shown on the usage of APPs as a marker of animal health or, alternatively, as an indicator of disease severity in veterinary medicine . Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important APPs in cattle , in different viral and bacterial infections The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of infection on acute-phase proteins in seldom persistent positive BVDV cattle, that were free of signs and symptoms of secondary infections. Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples, from a total of 313 cows from three different farms, were collected in 10 mL polystyrene tubes coated with an anticoagulant (EDTA). Commercial BVDV antigen ELISA kits were used to determine the persistently infected animals. Sampling was carried out by two occasions within 40 days intervals. A total of 11 dairy cows were found BVDV Ag positive in both occasions, were evaluated as persistently infected. Eight non-infected dairy cows from same herds were served as control group. All animals were examined on the day of blood sampling. The levels of haptoglobin and SAA in serum were determined by use of the commercial kits. Statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney Utest; P < 0.05 considered significant. None of the persistently infected animals showed clinical findings and a few of them were considered as poor doers, but they were unnoticed until they were identified as persistently infected animals. No clinical findings were observed in healthy control cows in routine clinical examination. Serum concentration of Hp in persistently infected cattle with BVDV was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the controls. Serum amyloid A concentrations were also significantly higher in persistently infected cattle with BVDV than the controls. Discussion: APPs have been proposed as valuable indicators of the manifestation and severity of pathological conditions in humans and animals. Levels of APPs are preferentially elevated during acute bacterial infections and less pronounced or even missed during viral infections. There are no reports on the alterations of the acute-phase protein profile in the persistent BVDV infection. In the present study, a significant increase in the positive acute-phase proteins haptoglobin and SAA in the symptom free persistent cattles were detected. These alterations of acute-phase proteins may be associated to the enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-8 which modulate the synthesis of positive acute-phase proteins. Clinical symptoms were not noticed in our study. Such animals could easly be underdiagnosed in a farm population. Clinical symptoms were associated with increase in APPs. Moreover, supra-normal APP values in persistently infected cattle with BVDV were observed without clinical symptoms. The role of inflammation as defined by Hp and SAA levels have not been fully explored in the context of persistently infected cattle with BVDV disease. The results of this study indicated that serum concentrations of haptoglobin and SAA were increased in persistently infected cattle. Moreover, it may be suggested that measurement of SAA and Hp may be of valuable in indicating suspected persistently infected animals with BVDV in screening herds for general health status.

Haptoglobin and serum amyloid a responses in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus

Background: The acute-phase response to infection is also characterized by an increase in protein turnover plus an increased loss of protein. Leukocyte proliferation and the synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins and positive acute phase proteins(APPs) contribute to protein turnover APPs levels, as markers of inflammation, usually rise significantly during the course of acute and chronic infections in the bovine. There has been a great interest shown on the usage of APPs as a marker of animal health or, alternatively, as an indicator of disease severity in veterinary medicine . Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important APPs in cattle , in different viral and bacterial infections The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of infection on acute-phase proteins in seldom persistent positive BVDV cattle, that were free of signs and symptoms of secondary infections. Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples, from a total of 313 cows from three different farms, were collected in 10 mL polystyrene tubes coated with an anticoagulant (EDTA). Commercial BVDV antigen ELISA kits were used to determine the persistently infected animals. Sampling was carried out by two occasions within 40 days intervals. A total of 11 dairy cows were found BVDV Ag positive in both occasions, were evaluated as persistently infected. Eight non-infected dairy cows from same herds were served as control group. All animals were examined on the day of blood sampling. The levels of haptoglobin and SAA in serum were determined by use of the commercial kits. Statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney Utest; P < 0.05 considered significant. None of the persistently infected animals showed clinical findings and a few of them were considered as poor doers, but they were unnoticed until they were identified as persistently infected animals. No clinical findings were observed in healthy control cows in routine clinical examination. Serum concentration of Hp in persistently infected cattle with BVDV was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the controls. Serum amyloid A concentrations were also significantly higher in persistently infected cattle with BVDV than the controls. Discussion: APPs have been proposed as valuable indicators of the manifestation and severity of pathological conditions in humans and animals. Levels of APPs are preferentially elevated during acute bacterial infections and less pronounced or even missed during viral infections. There are no reports on the alterations of the acute-phase protein profile in the persistent BVDV infection. In the present study, a significant increase in the positive acute-phase proteins haptoglobin and SAA in the symptom free persistent cattles were detected. These alterations of acute-phase proteins may be associated to the enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-8 which modulate the synthesis of positive acute-phase proteins. Clinical symptoms were not noticed in our study. Such animals could easly be underdiagnosed in a farm population. Clinical symptoms were associated with increase in APPs. Moreover, supra-normal APP values in persistently infected cattle with BVDV were observed without clinical symptoms. The role of inflammation as defined by Hp and SAA levels have not been fully explored in the context of persistently infected cattle with BVDV disease. The results of this study indicated that serum concentrations of haptoglobin and SAA were increased in persistently infected cattle. Moreover, it may be suggested that measurement of SAA and Hp may be of valuable in indicating suspected persistently infected animals with BVDV in screening herds for general health status.(AU)

Estudo das concentrações séricas de amilóide A, alpha-1 glicoproteína ácida e proteína C reativa em felinos com linfoma durante a quimioterapia / Study of amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein concentrations in feline lymphoma during chemotherapy

Linfomas pertencem a um grupo de neoplasias que têm em comum a origem em células linforreticulares, manifestando-se geralmente em tecidos linfóides. Em sua evolução, há uma reação generalizada do organismo de forma não específica contra as alterações sistêmicas que comprometem a homeostase, conhecida como resposta de fase aguda, a qual leva a uma importante alteração na síntese de proteínas pelo fígado, resultando no aumento de algumas proteínas conhecidas como proteínas de fase aguda, sendo as de maior relevância a amiloide sérica A, α-1 glicoproteína ácida e proteína C reativa. Foram objetivos deste estudo, definir o perfil eletroforético do felino com linfoma e avaliar as concentrações séricas de amilóide sérica A (ASA), α-1 glicoproteína ácida (GPA) e proteína C reativa (PCR) destes animais durante a quimioterapia, avaliando-se como possíveis indicadores de remissão de doença. Os grupos de estudo foram constituídos por 20 felinos clinicamente normais (controle) e 16 felinos com linfoma (experimental). Foram excluídos pacientes que apresentavam tratamentos prévios e/ou doenças concomitantes. A eletroforese das proteínas séricas foi realizada em tiras de acetato de celulose. Para as mensurações de ASA, GPA e PCR utilizaram-se kits comerciais, sendo as mesmas determinadas no grupo controle, uma única vez e, no grupo experimental, quando do diagnóstico e a cada 2 semanas durante 3 meses de tratamento. A análise estatística foi realizada com testes paramétricos, sendo o teste t não pareado utilizado para comparações entre os grupos controle e experimental no momento do diagnóstico e análise de variância simples (ANOVA), seguida do teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, para comparar o grupo experimental no diagnóstico e semanas de tratamento. Foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos controle e experimental no momento do diagnóstico, com relação à GPA (p<0,0001), ASA (p=0,0028), PCR (p=0,0003), globulina (p=0,0087), relação albumina: globulinas (p<0,0001) e α-2 globulinas (p=0,0082). Quando se compararam os achados do grupo experimental no diagnóstico e nas semanas de tratamento houve diferença nos resultados referente à GPA (p=0,0021) e ASA (p=0,0053), enquanto os níveis de PCR não se alteraram significativamente (p=0,4510). Concluiu-se que os felinos com linfoma apresentaram uma expressiva resposta de fase aguda, caracterizada por aumento das concentrações séricas de α-1 glicoproteína ácida, amiloide sérica A e proteína C reativa, sendo a amilóide sérica A e α-1 glicoproteína ácida potenciais indicadores de remissão de doença naqueles pacientes que estavam com suas concentrações elevadas quando do diagnóstico

Lymphoma belongs to a group of malignancies that have in common their origin in lymphoreticular cells, and is generally manifested in lymphoid tissues. In its evolution, there is a generalized reaction of the organism against a non-specific systemic conditions that compromises the homeostasis, known as acute phase response, which leads to a significant change in protein synthesis by the liver, resulting in an increase of some proteins known as acute phase proteins, and the most relevant are serum amyloid A, α-1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein. This study was designed to define the electrophoretic profile of feline lymphoma and to evaluate serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (ASA), α-1 acid glycoprotein (GPA) and C-reactive protein (PCR) of these animals during chemotherapy, evaluated as possible indicators of disease remission. The study groups consisted of 20 clinically normal cats (control) and 16 cats with lymphoma (experimental). We excluded patients who had previous treatments and/or concomitant diseases. Electrophoresis of serum proteins was conducted on strips of cellulose acetate. For measurements of ASA, GPA and PCR we used commercial kits, which are then determined, in the control group, only once and, in the experimental group, at diagnosis and every 2 weeks during 3 months of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed with parametric tests, where unparied t test was used for comparisons between control and experimental groups at diagnosis and simple analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Tukey/'s multiple comparisons to compare the experimental group in the diagnosis and weeks of treatment. There were significant differences between control and experimental groups at diagnosis of α-1 acid glycoprotein (p<0,0001), serum amyloid A (p=0,0028), C-reactive protein (p=0,0003), total globulin (p=0,0087), albumin: globulin (p<0,0001) and α-2 globulins (p=0,0082). When comparing the experimental group in the diagnosis and weeks of treatment was significant in the results of α-1 acid glycoprotein (p=0,0021) and serum amyloid A (p=0,0053), whereas C-reactive protein did not change significantly (p=0,4510). It is concluded that cats with lymphoma have an expressive acute phase response, characterized by increased in serum concentrations of serum amyloid A, α-1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein, and the serum amyloid A and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein reference potential indicators of remission in those patients who were with their high concentrations at diagnosis

Estudo das concentrações séricas de amilóide A, alpha-1 glicoproteína ácida e proteína C reativa em felinos com linfoma durante a quimioterapia / Study of amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein concentrations in feline lymphoma during chemotherapy

Linfomas pertencem a um grupo de neoplasias que têm em comum a origem em células linforreticulares, manifestando-se geralmente em tecidos linfóides. Em sua evolução, há uma reação generalizada do organismo de forma não específica contra as alterações sistêmicas que comprometem a homeostase, conhecida como resposta de fase aguda, a qual leva a uma importante alteração na síntese de proteínas pelo fígado, resultando no aumento de algumas proteínas conhecidas como proteínas de fase aguda, sendo as de maior relevância a amiloide sérica A, α-1 glicoproteína ácida e proteína C reativa. Foram objetivos deste estudo, definir o perfil eletroforético do felino com linfoma e avaliar as concentrações séricas de amilóide sérica A (ASA), α-1 glicoproteína ácida (GPA) e proteína C reativa (PCR) destes animais durante a quimioterapia, avaliando-se como possíveis indicadores de remissão de doença. Os grupos de estudo foram constituídos por 20 felinos clinicamente normais (controle) e 16 felinos com linfoma (experimental). Foram excluídos pacientes que apresentavam tratamentos prévios e/ou doenças concomitantes. A eletroforese das proteínas séricas foi realizada em tiras de acetato de celulose. Para as mensurações de ASA, GPA e PCR utilizaram-se kits comerciais, sendo as mesmas determinadas no grupo controle, uma única vez e, no grupo experimental, quando do diagnóstico e a cada 2 semanas durante 3 meses de tratamento. A análise estatística foi realizada com testes paramétricos, sendo o teste t não pareado utilizado para comparações entre os grupos controle e experimental no momento do diagnóstico e análise de variância simples (ANOVA), seguida do teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, para comparar o grupo experimental no diagnóstico e semanas de tratamento. Foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos controle e experimental no momento do diagnóstico, com relação à GPA (p<0,0001), ASA (p=0,0028), PCR (p=0,0003), globulina (p=0,0087), relação albumina: globulinas (p<0,0001) e α-2 globulinas (p=0,0082). Quando se compararam os achados do grupo experimental no diagnóstico e nas semanas de tratamento houve diferença nos resultados referente à GPA (p=0,0021) e ASA (p=0,0053), enquanto os níveis de PCR não se alteraram significativamente (p=0,4510). Concluiu-se que os felinos com linfoma apresentaram uma expressiva resposta de fase aguda, caracterizada por aumento das concentrações séricas de α-1 glicoproteína ácida, amiloide sérica A e proteína C reativa, sendo a amilóide sérica A e α-1 glicoproteína ácida potenciais indicadores de remissão de doença naqueles pacientes que estavam com suas concentrações elevadas quando do diagnóstico (AU)

Lymphoma belongs to a group of malignancies that have in common their origin in lymphoreticular cells, and is generally manifested in lymphoid tissues. In its evolution, there is a generalized reaction of the organism against a non-specific systemic conditions that compromises the homeostasis, known as acute phase response, which leads to a significant change in protein synthesis by the liver, resulting in an increase of some proteins known as acute phase proteins, and the most relevant are serum amyloid A, α-1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein. This study was designed to define the electrophoretic profile of feline lymphoma and to evaluate serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (ASA), α-1 acid glycoprotein (GPA) and C-reactive protein (PCR) of these animals during chemotherapy, evaluated as possible indicators of disease remission. The study groups consisted of 20 clinically normal cats (control) and 16 cats with lymphoma (experimental). We excluded patients who had previous treatments and/or concomitant diseases. Electrophoresis of serum proteins was conducted on strips of cellulose acetate. For measurements of ASA, GPA and PCR we used commercial kits, which are then determined, in the control group, only once and, in the experimental group, at diagnosis and every 2 weeks during 3 months of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed with parametric tests, where unparied t test was used for comparisons between control and experimental groups at diagnosis and simple analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Tukey\'s multiple comparisons to compare the experimental group in the diagnosis and weeks of treatment. There were significant differences between control and experimental groups at diagnosis of α-1 acid glycoprotein (p<0,0001), serum amyloid A (p=0,0028), C-reactive protein (p=0,0003), total globulin (p=0,0087), albumin: globulin (p<0,0001) and α-2 globulins (p=0,0082). When comparing the experimental group in the diagnosis and weeks of treatment was significant in the results of α-1 acid glycoprotein (p=0,0021) and serum amyloid A (p=0,0053), whereas C-reactive protein did not change significantly (p=0,4510). It is concluded that cats with lymphoma have an expressive acute phase response, characterized by increased in serum concentrations of serum amyloid A, α-1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein, and the serum amyloid A and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein reference potential indicators of remission in those patients who were with their high concentrations at diagnosis (AU)