Hérnia diafragmática peritôniopericárdica congênita em uma gata / Congenital peritoniopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a female kitten

Background: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare pathogenesis of congenital origin, which occurs due to a failure in the communication between the diaphragm and the pericardium during embryogenesis. Symptoms may be non-existent or non-specific, depending on the herniated organ involved and, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. Regarding the most indicated treatment, there are still divergences in the literature concerning the indication of conservative or surgical treatment. This study reports the case of a feline peritoneopericardial hernia, for which surgical correction was the treatment of choice. Case: A 3-month-old female kitten, no defined racial pattern, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco for treatment of a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia. This condition was diagnosed through radiographic examination after the patient having been submitted to pediatric castration and presented anesthetic complications in the transsurgery. Blood count, biochemical profile and Doppler echocardiogram were performed, which showed no significant changes. To obtain a better study and surgical planning, computed tomography was performed to observe the heart located cranially in the pericardial cavity. Caudally to the heart, hepatic parenchyma located in the pericardial cavity was observed; and hepatic vessels presenting slightly enlarged dimensions. These tomographic findings suggested peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia; being the liver present in the pericardial cavity and signs of congestion in the hepatic parenchyma. Due to the likelihood of future worsening of the hernia, surgical correction was performed, with an abdominal midline incision in the preumbilical region to reposition the liver to its normal anatomy, followed by diaphragm reconstitution through a herniorrhaphy. After the surgical procedure, the patient was referred for observation in internment and, after 15 days, the skin sutures were removed. Complete correction of the hernial defect was observed on radiography performed 30 days after the surgical procedure. However, the examination showed the presence of deviation/ deformity in the topography of the sternum and costal cartilages, with slight cardiac displacement to the right hemithorax, suggesting the presence of pectus excavatum. Discussion: Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is considered rare and, despite being one of the most common causes of congenital pericardial anomaly in felines, it has a low prevalence ranging from 0.06% to 1.45%. They are usually diagnosed from two years of age, with prevalence for older animals. However, due to having presented anesthetic changes, the patient of this case report could be diagnosed early. Among the most common organs that migrate to the thoracic cavity, the liver is the most commonly observed, which is also the hernia content of the present report. Peritoneopericardial hernia is often diagnosed through radiography and ultrasound, and these imaging tests proved to be sufficient for the diagnosis in this report. However, computed tomography was important for providing a better study of case and for the adoption of median celiotomy as a treatment. Associations with other malformations are described in the literature, with pectus excavatum being the most common and also observed in this report. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare anomaly, rarely reported in the literature and with divergences regarding its treatment. The adoption of early surgical treatment performed in this report showed satisfactory evolution and the possibility of a favorable prognosis.

Estudo anatomomorfológico do Schistosomus reflexus em um bovino / Anatomomorphological study of Schistosomus reflexus in a cattle

O Schistosomus reflexus (SR) é uma anomalia congênita fatal de baixa incidência observada principalmente em ruminantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência de SRem uma vaca com um quadro de distocia, multípara e de partos anteriores normais, atendida em uma propriedade localizada em Irati, região Centro-Sul do Paraná, Brasil. Durante a anamnese, foi relatado que o trabalho de parto ocorreu normalmente, com dilatação cervical e rompimento da bolsa alantoidiana e amniótica. Contudo, não ouve exteriorização do feto. Devido à inviabilidade da tração forçada observada no exame físico, optou-se pela cesariana. O feto extraído era disforme, apresentando dorsoflexão da coluna vertebral, órgãos abdominais expostos, anquilose de membros e face deformada, as quais são alterações anatômicas compatíveis com as características de Schistosomus reflexusdescritas na literatura. O caso apresentado contribui de forma relevante para o aprimoramento da compreensão e estudos sobre esse distúrbio, uma vez que sua ocorrência é rara.

Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a fatal congenital anomaly of low incidence mainly observed in ruminants. This study aimed to report the occurrence of SR in a cow with dystocia, multiparous, and normal previous deliveries, treated in a property located in Irati, south-central region of Paraná, Brazil. During anamnesis, it was reported that labor occurred normally, with cervical dilation and disruption of the allantoic and amniotic stalk. However, there was no externalization of the fetus. Due to the infeasibility of the forced traction observed in the physical examination, a cesarean was performed. The extracted fetus was misshaped, presenting dorsiflexion of the spine, exposed abdominal organs, ankylosis of limbs, and deformed face, which are anatomical alterations compatible with the characteristics of Schistosomus reflexus described in the literature. The case reported contributes significantly to the improvement of understanding and studies on this disorder, since its occurrence is rare.

Pelger-Huёt anomaly in a bitch Basenji

Background: Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) is characterized by morphological changes in all granulocytes, being more evident in neutrophils. Granulocytic function in these animals remains unchanged. Hereditary form of PHA should be differentiated from pseudo-PHA,a condition acquired from infections and/or inflammation conditions. Recognition of PHA is important to avoid misleading leukogram interpretation, since hyposegmentation of neutrophils can be confused with left shift, making it necessary to carry out diagnostic tests and treatment for the disease that is generating the deviation. The objective of this case report was to demonstrate the importance of laboratory diagnosis in PHA. Case: A 11-month-old bitch Basenji, was presented to perform preoperative evaluation for elective ovariosalpingohisterectomy at Veterinary Hospital (HUVET) of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Tutor reported that animal was healthy, vaccination status was current, had deworming protocol applied and had not made use of medications recently. Animal presented normophagy, normodipsia, normuria and normochezia. Upon physical examination, animal was alert consciousness level, with adequate hydration, hyperemic oral mucosa, a less than 2 s capillary perfusion time, normal lymph nodes (submandibular, pre-scapular, inguinal and popliteal), rectal temperature of 39.2°C, heart rate of 160 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 60 movements per minute, possibly due to the animal's agitated state. Abdominal palpation showed no changes. Physical examination presented no alterations. Preoperative exams included complete blood count (CBC) and biochemistry profile (ALT, AP, glucose, creatinine, urea, total proteins and fractions). Samples were sent to Hospital's Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory (LABHUVET/UFF) for analysis. CBC was performed using automatic method. Blood smears were stained with hematological stain and then a cytomorphological evaluation was performed. The first CBC revealed 23% of neutrophils with nuclear hyposegmentation and 44% of neutrophils were bands. A follow up was performed after 9 months, and a Complete Blood Count was performed again in which 12% of neutrophils showed nuclear hyposegmentation with mature chromatin pattern, 40% of neutrophils were bands, 1% of meta-myelotcytes neutrophils, 1% of myelocytes neutrophils and, also, eosinophils with nuclear hyposegmentation. Animal was healthy, and had no alterations on physical examination suggesting a diagnosis of PHA. Discussion: Recognition of PHA is important to avoid misleading leukogram interpretation, since neutrophils hyposegmentation can be confused with left shift, which is considered severe with poor prognosis, making it necessary to carry out diagnostic tests and treatment for the disease that is generating the deviation. The diagnosis of PHA was considered by the shape of the leukocytes nuclei, without evidence of inflammatory disease, during the patient follow up. Therefore, this anomaly should be considered as a differential diagnosis of left shift, thus avoiding unnecessary clinical and therapeutic procedures. Guidance in face of this hereditary hematological syndrome is important. The responsible guardian of the animal must not allow it to act as a breeder in order to interrupt possible transmission of this anomaly to offspring, because there is a fatal form when it comes to homozygotes.

Spontaneous pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice / Polidactilia pré-axial espontânea em camundongos Swiss

Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents’ breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.

A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.

Spontaneous pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice / Polidactilia pré-axial espontânea em camundongos Swiss

ABSTRACT: Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents' breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.

RESUMO: A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.

Anasarca fetal em um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano / Fetal anasarca in a newborn Siberian Husky dog

A anasarca fetal é caracterizada pelo edema generalizado do tecido subcutâneo, pela ampliação excessiva do feto, e, consequentemente, pela distocia obstrutiva durante o parto. Sua etiologia não foi elucidada, porém, acredita-se na relação da anasarca fecal com genes autossômicos recessivos, consanguinidade, malformações congênitas, dentre outros fatores. Além disso, o diagnóstico é feito por meio de ultrassonografia, pois não são observados sinais clínicos durante a gestação. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o caso de um cão recém-nascido da raça Husky Siberiano diagnosticado com anasarca fetal. O laudo, o qual foi obtido com a realização de uma ultrassonografia, estimou a presença de seis fetos com movimentação presente e normal. Entretanto, em um dos fetos os achados ultrassonográficos foram edema e cistos repletos de líquido no tecido subcutâneo, efusão pleural e peritoneal, os quais são compatíveis com anasarca fetal. Assim, foi realizado o procedimento de cesariana programada. Devido ao edema, o filhote nasceu pesando um quilo, enquanto os outros filhotes pesavam em média 350 gramas. Apesar de nascer com batimentos cardíacos presentes, o animal veio a óbito instantaneamente após o parto. A necropsia confirmou os achados ultrassonográficos e revelou a presença de hipoplasia pulmonar. O caso relatado apresenta como causa a consanguinidade, destacando a importância de proporcionar estratégias de reprodução que visem evitar a endogamia.

Fetal anasarca is characterized by generalized swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, excessive enlargement of the fetus, and, consequently, obstructive dystocia during delivery. Its etiology has not been elucidated; however, it is believed that the fetal anasarca is related to autosomal recessive genes, consanguinity, congenital malformations, among other factors. In addition, the diagnosis is made through ultrasound, as clinical signs are not observed during pregnancy. Thus, this study aimed to describe the case of a newborn Siberian Husky dog diagnosed with fetal anasarca. The report, which was obtained with ultrasonography, estimated the presence of six fetuses with present and normal movement. However, in one of the fetuses, the sonographic findings were edema and cysts filled with liquid in the subcutaneous tissue, pleural and peritoneal effusion, which are consistent with fetal anasarca. Therefore, a scheduled cesarean section was performed. Due to the edema, the puppy was born weighing one kilo, while the other puppies weighed an average of 350 grams. Despite being born with a heartbeat, the animal died instantly after delivery. The necropsy confirmed the sonographic findings and revealed the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. The reported case presents consanguinity as the cause, highlighting the importance of providing reproduction strategies to avoid inbreeding.

Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius em cadela Shih Tzu / Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius in a Shih Tzu bitch

Background: Congenital anomalies are structural, functional, or metabolic defects caused by a combination of environmental, genetic, or even iatrogenic factors. Genetic defects, which can be inherited, are more common in purebred dogs. Teratogenic factors such as radiation, toxins, chemical agents, infectious diseases, mechanical influences, drugs given to the mother, and nutrition can affect the litter during gestational development. The incomplete division of a fertilized egg results in monozygotic, conjoined or Siamese twins, which are animals with complete or incomplete duplications. This paper reports on an adult bitch with monocephalus dipygus dibrachius and the surgical procedures. Case: A 2-year-old female Shih Tzu weighing 5 kg was admitted to a veterinary clinic, presenting with swelling and myiasis near the anus and several development disorders, characterized by 2 pelvises, 2 anuses, 2 vulvas, 2 forelimbs and 6 hindlimbs. Her physiological parameters were otherwise normal. Only the dog's myiasis was treated at this time due to the owner's financial straits. After 5 months, the owner brought the bitch back to the veterinary clinic because the animal presented with fecaloma in 1 of the anuses. Radiography revealed numerous alterations: seven lumbar vertebrae with marked vertebral axis deviation, reduced disc space, as well as ankylosis and fused ventral spondylosis at L6 and L7. Two pelvises fused medially by the wings of the ileum, with slight deviation and thinning of pelvic bones. Four hip joints and medial joints with pelvic avulsion and bone remnants of the pelvic limbs. Acetabular tearing slightly flattened femoral head and thickened femoral neck. Caudal vertebrae and vertebral axis located in left pelvis. Left lateral patella inserted in the trochlear groove and lateral dislocation of right patella. Right patellofemoral joint with smooth surface, preserved intra-articular density and cranial displacement of the tibia relative to the femoral condyles (cranial cruciate ligament rupture). An ultrasound analysis revealed 2 bladders. Two months later surgery was performed due to recurrent complications. During laparotomy 2 uteruses, 2 bladders and bifurcation of the intestine were observed. Ovariosalpingohysterectomy was performed in both uterus and enterectomy of the problematic intestinal portion. After 2 days of the surgery, blood transfusion was performed. After 2 days of the transfusion, there was extravasation of yellow fluid from the surgical cut and abdominal palpation was indicative of bladder rupture, so the patient was sent to emergency surgery. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy, and ruptured bladder cystectomy were performed. The dog remained hospitalized for 24 days after surgery, before it was released. Discussion: The classification of conjoined twins is based on the location of the junction and the number of limbs. Monocephalus dipygus dibrachius was diagnosed based on the fact that the dog had 1 skull, 2 thoracic limbs and 4 pelvic limbs, as well as the corresponding genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract alterations. Imaging scans are extremely important for a proper diagnosis to ensure appropriate surgery planning. The bitch was the result of inbreeding between a male dog and its offspring, which probably contributed to this malformation. There are very few reports of surviving adult conjoined animals, and even fewer descriptions of successful surgical treatments. To the best of knowledge of the authors, there are no previous reports of a surviving adult dog suffering from this malformation.

Agenesia renal unilateral em gatinha / Unilateral renal agenesis in kitten

Background: The kidneys are a pair of organs that maintain homeostasis, and perform hormonal and excretory functions; the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Approximately 2% of cats are born with some structural or functional anomaly, which occurs during fetal development. Unilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in felines, where the cat has only one kidney. This can lead to a series of dysfunctions, with clinical signs, especially when the contralateral organ does not adequately compensate, since there is more than one concomitant congenital disease like kidney dysplasia, which is the abnormal formation of the kidney structures. This study aimed to report the case of a kitten diagnosed with unilateral renal agenesis; the clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Case: A 2-month-old mixed breed female kitten, weighing 0.5 kg, was attended in a veterinary clinic with emesis, hyporexia, hypodipsia, normuria, and diarrhea. Upon physical examination, dehydration, hyperthermia, and renomegaly by abdominal palpation were observed. Complementary examinations such as serum urea and creatinine estimation, abdominal ultrasound, and excretory urography, were requested, and the results include hemoglobin (9 g/dL), mean corpuscular volume (26%), normocytic normochromic anemia, urea (312 mg/dL), and creatinine (3.5 mg/dL). The abdominal ultrasound showed renomegaly on the left kidney and the absence of the right kidney. The above results and excretory urography help to confirm the diagnosis of unilateral renal agenesis and suggested renal dysplasia. The patient was hospitalized to stabilize her condition. The treatment is symptomatic and supportive and aims to increase the patient’s quality of life. Treatment with metoclopramide, erythropoietin, fluid therapy with ringer’s lactate solution, and renal therapeutic feed was prescribed. After 4 days of hospitalization and treatment, the serum creatinine was within normal...

Spontaneous pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice / Polidactilia pré-axial espontânea em camundongos Swiss

Spontaneous polydactyly has been described in several species, but only one report about it in Swiss mice. The aim of the current study was to report the spontaneous occurrence of pre-axial polydactyly in Swiss mice. Clinical examination showed one extra toe laterally to the first digit, in the plantar region, alopecia in the back, altered face growth anatomy and changed perineal region anatomy. Pre-axial polydactyly in the tibial side, fused metatarsals and Y-shaped free phalanges were evidenced in the radiographic images. Pre-axial polydactyly observed in the plantar region differed from that in reports on albino Swiss mice with post-axial polydactyly (Po/Po+) phenotype featured by one extra toe in the ulnar side of one, or both, front limbs, which is the dominant feature. The observed findings highlight the importance of both clinical examinations and close attention by professionals involved in rodents breeding on physical changes resulting from different causes, including the genetic ones, since they reveal mutations and, sometimes, new biomodels.(AU)

A polidactilia espontânea foi descrita em várias espécies, mas há apenas um relato em camundongos Swiss. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar uma ocorrência de polidactilia pré-axial em camundongos Swiss. O exame clínico revelou um dedo extra lateralmente ao primeiro dedo na região plantar, alopecia dorsal, anatomias facial e da região perineal alteradas. Nas imagens radiográficas foram evidenciados polidactilia pré-axial no lado tibial, metatarsos fundidos e falanges livres em forma de Y. A polidactilia pré-axial observada diferiu do relato existente de polidactilia pós-axial (Po/Po+) caracterizado por um dedo extra no lado ulnar de um ou ambos os membros anteriores e de característica dominante. Os achados observados destacam a importância dos exames clínicos e da atenção cuidadosa dos profissionais envolvidos na criação de roedores sobre as alterações físicas decorrentes de diferentes causas, inclusive as genéticas, em revelar mutações e, às vezes, novos biomodelos.(AU)

Efeitos da consanguinidade em rebanho de bubalinos no pantanal Mato-Grossense / Effects of inbreeding in bubaline herds in the pantanal Mato-Grossense / Efectos de la consanguinidad en rebaño de búfalos en el pantanal Mato-Grossense

A consanguinidade é uma realidade na criação de bubalinos no Brasil, devido ao número pequeno de animais no rebanho, e principalmente a falta de escrituração zootécnica e seleção genética da espécie. Isso faz com que exista muita endogamia e como consequência aparecem as anomalias congênitas, que associadas às condições ambientais resultam em animais com problemas de pele, baixo desenvolvimento, baixa produção e sanidade deficitária. O presente estudo demonstrou os efeitos de um manejo cuja persistência de um touro por período de 8 anos gerou progênie com despigmentação, culminando com alterações dermatológicas e baixo desenvolvimento em alguns animais de um rebanho, sendo estas: albinismo acentuado, albinismo parcial -cabeça e peitoral e fotossensibilização, na qual todos eram menos desenvolvidos se comparados aos pais não consanguíneos. A alta incidência de raios solares na região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense potencializou queimaduras cutâneas e desgaste desses animais. Com objetivo de eliminar os genes defeituosos, os animais foram descartados e um novo touro foi introduzido.(AU)

IInbreeding is a reality in buffalo breeding in Brazil, due to the small number of animals in the herd, and mainly the lack of zootechnical bookkeeping and genetic selection of the species. This means that there is a lot of inbreeding and, as a consequence, congenital anomalies appear, which, associated with environmental conditions, result in animals with skin problems, poor development, low production and poor health. The present study demonstrated the effects of a management whose persistence of a bull for a period of 8 years generated progeny with depigmentation, culminating with dermatological alterations and low development in some animals of a herd, namely: accentuated albinism, partial albinism -head and pectoral and photosensitization, in which all were less developed compared to non-consanguineous parents. The high incidence of solar rays in the Pantanal Mato-Grossense region potentiated skin burns and wear of these animals. In order to eliminate the defective genes, the animals were discarded anda new bull was introduced.(AU)

La consanguinidad es una realidad en la cría de búfalos en Brasil,debido al pequeño número de animales en el rebaño, y principalmente la falta de contabilidad zootécnica y de selección de genética de la especie. Esto provoca la existencia de mucha endogamia y como consecuencia aparecen las anomalías congénitas, que asociadas a las condiciones ambientales resultan en animales con problemas de piel, bajo desarrollo, baja producción y salud. El presente estudio demostró los efectos de un manejo donde la persistencia de un toro por un periodo de 8 años generó progenie con despigmentación, culminando en alteraciones dermatológicas en un rebaño de 35 animales, siendo de los afectados: despigmentación severa, albinismo parcial -cabeza y pecho y fotosensibilización, en los que todos fueron menos desarrollados si se comparan con los padres no consanguíneos. La alta incidencia de los rayos solares en la región del Pantanal Mato-Grossense colaboró con las quemaduras y el desgaste de estos animales. Con el objetivo de eliminar los genes defectuosos, los animales fueron descartados y se introdujo un nuevo toro.(AU)

Multimodal anesthesia associated with regional block in a dog who underwent corrective surgery for persistent right aortic arch: case report / Anestesia multimodal associada a bloqueio loco-regional em cão submetido a cirurgia corretiva para persistência de arco aórtico direito: relato de caso

The persistence of the fourth right aortic arch (PRAA) is a congenital malformation that affects the heart base's main vessels. Surgical treatment is recommended and should be advocated as a matter of urgency. In this context, efficient anesthesia planning is necessary, with satisfactory analgesia, associating multimodal techniques with regional blocks. The present work aims to report the anesthetic procedure during corrective surgery for PRAA in a dog. Neuroleptanalgesia was intramuscularly performed, using acepromazine (0.015 mg.kg-1) and methadone (0.3 mg.kg-1) in pre-anesthetic medication. Ketamine (1 mg.kg-1) and propofol (3 mg.kg-1) were administered at induction, both intravenously, followed by maintenance using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (initial rate of 0.4 mg.kg-1 .minute) and remifentanil, (0.2 mcg.kg.-1.minute). In addition, ultrasound-guided regional intercostal block was performed, with 5% bupivacaine without vasoconstrictor (0.05ml.kg-1). Ketamine infusion was postoperatively maintained for one hour. The instituted protocol proved to be satisfactory in controlling trans and postoperative pain, maintaining all parameters stable during and after the procedure, without any intercurrence. Thus, the protocol provided quality recovery to the patient.(AU)

A persistência do quarto arco aórtico direito é uma má formação congênita, afetando os principais vasos da base cardíaca. O tratamento cirúrgico é recomendado e preconiza-se um planejamento anestésico eficiente, associando-se técnicas multimodais a bloqueios regionais. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar a anestesia durante cirurgia corretiva de PDA em cão. Na medicação pré-anestésica, instituiu-se neuroleptonalgesia, utilizando-se acepromazina (0,015 mg.kg-1) e metadona (0,3 mg.kg-1), por via intramuscular. Na indução, foi administrada cetamina (1mg.kg -1) e propofol (3 mg.kg-1). Para manutenção, utilizou--se propofol (taxa inicial de 0,4 mg.kg-1.minuto) e remifentanil, (0,2 mcg.kg-1.minuto). Além disso, foi realizado bloqueio regional intercostal guiado por ultrassom com bupivacaína sem vasoconstritor a 5% (0,05ml.kg-1). O paciente permaneceu em infusão analgésica de cetamina por uma hora, no pós operatório. O protocolo estabelecido demonstrou ser satisfatório no controle de dor trans e pós-operatória, mantendo todos os parâmetros estáveis, sem nenhuma intercorrência, proporcionando qualidade de recuperação ao paciente.(AU)

Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

Clitoridectomy and urethrostomy in a pseudohermaphrodite dog

Background: Hermaphroditism is a rare congenital disease that causes ambiguous sexual features. True hermaphroditeshave testicular and ovarian tissue, whereas pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue and genitalia, butsecondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Pseudohermaphrodites are classified as male or female according to theirgonads. Treatment of pseudohermaphroditism consists of surgical removal of the gonads including reconstruction of abnormal genitalia, especially if the urethra is involved. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of a malepseudohermaphrodite in a dog treated with clitoridectomy with urethrostomy.Case: A 7-month-old, mixed-breed dog was referred due to the presence of a flaccid structure similar to a small penis,containing an os clitoris, bulbourethral glands, and urethra protruding from the vulva. Physical examination, completeblood count and serum biochemistry were within normal ranges. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 56.39 pg/mL, 127.9 ng/mL, and 0.892 ng/mL, respectively. The abdominal ultrasound and posteriorly theexploratory celiotomy found a normal size prostate and two round organs resembling testicles connected to a uterus-liketubular structure. The patient underwent surgical abdominal exploration that confirmed the ultrasonographic findings andled to gonadohysterectomy. Also, clitoridectomy and urethrostomy were performed to excise the protruded structure andmaintain normal urethral patency. The histopathological examination of the clitoris and penis confirmed it was a malegenital organ, however, the abdominal structures were compatible with the testicles, epididymis, uterus, and even a broadligament. These organs are normally found in cases of male pseudohermaphroditism. The...

Clitoridectomy and urethrostomy in a pseudohermaphrodite dog

Background: Hermaphroditism is a rare congenital disease that causes ambiguous sexual features. True hermaphroditeshave testicular and ovarian tissue, whereas pseudohermaphrodites have only one type of gonadal tissue and genitalia, butsecondary characteristics of the opposite sex. Pseudohermaphrodites are classified as male or female according to theirgonads. Treatment of pseudohermaphroditism consists of surgical removal of the gonads including reconstruction of abnormal genitalia, especially if the urethra is involved. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe a case of a malepseudohermaphrodite in a dog treated with clitoridectomy with urethrostomy.Case: A 7-month-old, mixed-breed dog was referred due to the presence of a flaccid structure similar to a small penis,containing an os clitoris, bulbourethral glands, and urethra protruding from the vulva. Physical examination, completeblood count and serum biochemistry were within normal ranges. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 56.39 pg/mL, 127.9 ng/mL, and 0.892 ng/mL, respectively. The abdominal ultrasound and posteriorly theexploratory celiotomy found a normal size prostate and two round organs resembling testicles connected to a uterus-liketubular structure. The patient underwent surgical abdominal exploration that confirmed the ultrasonographic findings andled to gonadohysterectomy. Also, clitoridectomy and urethrostomy were performed to excise the protruded structure andmaintain normal urethral patency. The histopathological examination of the clitoris and penis confirmed it was a malegenital organ, however, the abdominal structures were compatible with the testicles, epididymis, uterus, and even a broadligament. These organs are normally found in cases of male pseudohermaphroditism. The...(AU)

Ultrasonographic and radiographic diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ureteral ectopia (or ectopic ureter) is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the ureter insertsanywhere other than the vesical trigone. This anatomical change may have unilateral or bilateral involvement. The mostevident clinical sign, occurring mostly in females, is urinary incontinence, however in some cases the condition may progressto nephritis and dilation of the renal pelvis. The diagnosis is established through imaging, and definitive treatment requiressurgical approach. The present study reports a case of ureteral ectopia in a dog which was diagnosed by ultrasound andcontrast radiography (excretory urography) and successfully treated by neoureterostomy.Case: A 10-month-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN. Her owner reported incontinence of dark, malodorous urine sincebirth as the chief complaint. After clinical examination, cystitis was suspected, and a complete blood count, urinalysis,and abdominal ultrasound was requested. The blood count and creatinine were within the reference values. The presenceof struvite crystals were found on urinalysis. Ultrasound examination revealed a tortuous, dilated right ureter from therenal pelvis to the urinary bladder; no uroliths were identified as a cause of potential obstruction, but the ipsilateral kidneyshowed increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary definition, and moderate pelvic dilation. These findingssupported a presumptive diagnosis of ectopic ureter. For the purpose of confirming this suspicion, excretory urography wasperformed, revealing unilateral ureteral dilation and radiopaque contrast uptake following the path of the urethra. Once thediagnosis was confirmed, surgery was performed to correct the ureteral ectopia using the standard...

Ultrasonographic and radiographic diagnosis of ectopic ureter in a dog

Background: Ureteral ectopia (or ectopic ureter) is a congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the ureter insertsanywhere other than the vesical trigone. This anatomical change may have unilateral or bilateral involvement. The mostevident clinical sign, occurring mostly in females, is urinary incontinence, however in some cases the condition may progressto nephritis and dilation of the renal pelvis. The diagnosis is established through imaging, and definitive treatment requiressurgical approach. The present study reports a case of ureteral ectopia in a dog which was diagnosed by ultrasound andcontrast radiography (excretory urography) and successfully treated by neoureterostomy.Case: A 10-month-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), in Mossoró, RN. Her owner reported incontinence of dark, malodorous urine sincebirth as the chief complaint. After clinical examination, cystitis was suspected, and a complete blood count, urinalysis,and abdominal ultrasound was requested. The blood count and creatinine were within the reference values. The presenceof struvite crystals were found on urinalysis. Ultrasound examination revealed a tortuous, dilated right ureter from therenal pelvis to the urinary bladder; no uroliths were identified as a cause of potential obstruction, but the ipsilateral kidneyshowed increased cortical echogenicity, loss of corticomedullary definition, and moderate pelvic dilation. These findingssupported a presumptive diagnosis of ectopic ureter. For the purpose of confirming this suspicion, excretory urography wasperformed, revealing unilateral ureteral dilation and radiopaque contrast uptake following the path of the urethra. Once thediagnosis was confirmed, surgery was performed to correct the ureteral ectopia using the standard...(AU)

Clinical and anatomopathological descriptions of dog with arterious Hemitruncus: case report / [Descrições clínicas e anatomopatológicas de cão com hemitruncus arterioso: relato de caso

The anomalous origin of the pulmonary trunk in the ascending aorta, defined as arterious hemitruncus, is a rare congenital malformation in dogs, caused by a defect in the spiral septum. Thus, given the unusual occurrence in the canine species, the systemic severity and the high lethality, the aim of this study was to describe this heart disease in a three-month-old male German Spitz puppy, emphasizing clinical changes of the necropsy and microscopics. The animal had cyanosis, dyspnea and weakness and was forwarded for necropsy after sudden death. Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out. The association of these findings with the history indicated the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus followed by cardiorespiratory failure, emphasizing the importance of out complementary cardiological exams in young symptomatic patients for the survival of those affected. Arterious hemitruncus, although rare, must be added in the differential diagnosis of other heart diseases that cause similar clinical signs.(AU)

A origem anômala do tronco pulmonar em aorta ascendente, definida como hemitruncus arterioso, é uma malformação congênita rara em cães, causada por defeito no septo espiral. Assim, diante da ocorrência incomum na espécie canina, da gravidade sistêmica e da alta letalidade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever essa doença cardíaca em um filhote de três meses de idade, macho, Spitz Alemão, enfatizando as alterações clínicas, de necropsia e microscópicas. O animal apresentava cianose, dispneia e fraqueza e foi encaminhado para necropsia após morte súbita. Inúmeras alterações foram detectadas no exame post-mortem, inclusive no coração, como cardiomegalia e ausência do ligamento arterioso, o qual foi substituído pela fusão completa entre aorta ascendente e tronco pulmonar, após a saída de ambas dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito, respectivamente, e, dentre os achados microscópicos, destacou-se a hipertrofia de cardiomiócitos. A associação desses achados com o histórico indicou o diagnóstico de hemitruncus arterioso seguido de insuficiência cardiorrespiratória, ressaltando-se a importância de exames complementares cardiológicos em pacientes jovens sintomáticos na sobrevida dos acometidos. O hemitruncus arterioso, apesar de raro, deve ser acrescido no diagnóstico diferencial de outras cardiopatias que causam sinais clínicos similares.(AU)

Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - case report / [Ectopia de artéria subclávia direita em cão - relato de caso]

The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.(AU)

O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.(AU)

Morphological abnormality in larvae of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae) / Anormalidade morfológica em larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Uma larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum com anormalidade morfológica foi coletada juntamente com outros espécimes (larvas e fêmeas) dessa espécie e com ninfas de Amblyomma naponense morfologicamente normais em um porco do mato - Pecari tacaju - em área rural do estado de Rondônia/Brasil, durante investigação de ambientes de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. O espécime morfologicamente anormal apresentou uma bifurcação da região posterior do opistossoma, sem outros caracteres morfológicos alterados. Este é o primeiro registro de anormalidade morfológica no estádio de larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.

Amblyomma oblongoguttatum is a tick that is a parasite of mammals and its preferred hosts are the wild pigs, tapirs and small rodents, being collected also parasitizing domestic dogs and eventually humans. An Amblyomma oblongoguttatum larva with morphological abnormality was collected along with other specimens (larvae and females) of this species and with morphologically normal Amblyomma naponense nymphs in a wild pig - Pecari tacaju - in a rural area of the state of Rondônia / Brazil, during research of tick-borne disease environments. The morphologically abnormal specimen showed a bifurcation of the posterior region of the opisthosoma, without other altered morphological characters. This is the first record of morphological abnormality at the larval stage of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.

Morphological abnormality in larvae of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae) / Anormalidade morfológica em larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Uma larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum com anormalidade morfológica foi coletada juntamente com outros espécimes (larvas e fêmeas) dessa espécie e com ninfas de Amblyomma naponense morfologicamente normais em um porco do mato - Pecari tacaju - em área rural do estado de Rondônia/Brasil, durante investigação de ambientes de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. O espécime morfologicamente anormal apresentou uma bifurcação da região posterior do opistossoma, sem outros caracteres morfológicos alterados. Este é o primeiro registro de anormalidade morfológica no estádio de larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.

Amblyomma oblongoguttatum is a tick that is a parasite of mammals and its preferred hosts are the wild pigs, tapirs and small rodents, being collected also parasitizing domestic dogs and eventually humans. An Amblyomma oblongoguttatum larva with morphological abnormality was collected along with other specimens (larvae and females) of this species and with morphologically normal Amblyomma naponense nymphs in a wild pig - Pecari tacaju - in a rural area of the state of Rondônia / Brazil, during research of tick-borne disease environments. The morphologically abnormal specimen showed a bifurcation of the posterior region of the opisthosoma, without other altered morphological characters. This is the first record of morphological abnormality at the larval stage of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.(AU)