Growth and nitrogen uptake by Arthrospira platensiscultured in aquaculture wastewater from Nile tilapia reared in biofloc system

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina)platensiscultivated in Zarrouk culture medium and effluent from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc system. Four treatments were used: Control (100% Zarrouk), E50 (50% Zarrouk + 50% Tilapia effluent), E75 (25% Zarrouk + 75% Tilapia effluent), and E100 (100% Tilapia effluent), and the experiment lasted 10 days. Growth parameters such as maximum cell density (MCD), doubling time (DT), and growth rate (K) were daily evaluated, as well aspH and water temperature. In addition, the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-N (NO2-N), and nitrate-N (NO3-N) were analyzed in order to compare nitrogen absorption. Among treatments, E50 and E75 obtained higher maximum cell densities and presented an exponential growth rate similar to the control treatment. Regarding the concentrations of nitrogen compounds, a significant reduction was observed in all treatments, with an NO3-Nuptake of 99%, followed by 80% of TAN and 90% of NO2-N. Thus, giving the results obtained, besides being able to grow in wastewater, A. platensis can also be used in bioremediation processes, confirming the potential of this species.

Growth and nitrogen uptake by Arthrospira platensiscultured in aquaculture wastewater from Nile tilapia reared in biofloc system

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina)platensiscultivated in Zarrouk culture medium and effluent from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc system. Four treatments were used: Control (100% Zarrouk), E50 (50% Zarrouk + 50% Tilapia effluent), E75 (25% Zarrouk + 75% Tilapia effluent), and E100 (100% Tilapia effluent), and the experiment lasted 10 days. Growth parameters such as maximum cell density (MCD), doubling time (DT), and growth rate (K) were daily evaluated, as well aspH and water temperature. In addition, the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-N (NO2-N), and nitrate-N (NO3-N) were analyzed in order to compare nitrogen absorption. Among treatments, E50 and E75 obtained higher maximum cell densities and presented an exponential growth rate similar to the control treatment. Regarding the concentrations of nitrogen compounds, a significant reduction was observed in all treatments, with an NO3-Nuptake of 99%, followed by 80% of TAN and 90% of NO2-N. Thus, giving the results obtained, besides being able to grow in wastewater, A. platensis can also be used in bioremediation processes, confirming the potential of this species.(AU)

Sarcoide equino: revisão de literatura / Equine sarcoid: literature review / Sarcoide equino: revisión de literatura

Entre todas as especialidades veterinárias, a dermatologia e a oncologia vêm se destacado. Nos equinos, além de causar problemas econômicos, as lesões de pele são um importante problema estético. A pele é o local mais comum de neoplasmas em equinos, perfazendo aproximadamente 50% de todos os tumores. Entre os principais destacam-se sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma e melanoma. O sarcoide é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente em equinos, e corresponde a um terço de todos os tumores descritos nesta espécie.Clinicamente são classificados em seis tipos: verrucoso, superficial, nodular, fibroblástico, maligno ou misto. O diagnóstico é dado mediante biopsia da pele e estudo histopatológico. A ligadura, remoção cirúrgica, criocirurgia, cirurgia a laser, eletroquimioterapia com uso de cisplatina intralesional, uso de BCG, radioterapia e uso tópico de aciclovir são opções de técnicas de tratamentos de tumores. O protocolo de tratamento deve ser escolhido com critérios pelo veterinário, já que para cada protocolo existem indicações diferentes e eficácias variáveis, que dependem do tipo de tumor, tamanho e sua localização. Esta revisão visa a descrever técnicas de tratamentos disponíveis na literatura para o sarcoide equino, além de esclarecer a etiologia, suas características histológicas e aspectos clínicos para melhor abordagem no diagnóstico desta neoplasia. De acordo com o descrito na literatura, o sarcoide equino é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente na rotina clínica, o que determinou a escolha desta revisão, possibilitando, assim, um maior conhecimento acerca dessa afecção e dos tratamentos disponíveis no mercado.(AU)

Among all veterinary specialties, dermatology and oncology have stood out lately. In horses, besides causing economic problems, skin lesions are a major aesthetic issue. The skin is the most common place for neoplasms in horses, making up about 50% of all tumors. Among the main ones, there are sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma and melanoma. Sarcoid is the most common skin neoplasia in horses, and corresponds to a third of all tumors reported in this species. They are clinically classified into six types: verrucous, superficial, nodular, fibroblastic, malignant or mixed. Diagnosis is made through skin biopsy and histopathology. Bandage, surgical removal, cryosurgery, laser surgery, electrochemotherapy with intralesional cisplatin, use of BCG, radiotherapy and topical acyclovir are techniques for tumor treatments. The treatment protocol should be carefully chosen by the veterinarian, since for each protocol there are different indications and efficacy variables, depending on the tumor type, size and location. This review aims to describe techniques available in literature for the treatment of equine sarcoid as well as the etiology, clinical features and histologic aspects for the best approach in the diagnosis of this neoplasm. According to literature, equine sarcoid is the most frequent skin cancer in clinical routine, which has determined the choice of this review, enabling a greater knowledge about this disease and the treatments available.(AU)

Entre todas las especialidades veterinarias, la dermatología y oncología se han destacado. En los equinos, además de causar problemas económicos, lesiones de la piel son un problema estético importante. La piel es el sitio más común de las neoplasias en equinos, que comprenden aproximadamente el 50% de todos los tumores. Entre los principales se destacan sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma y melanoma. El sarcoide es la neoplasia más frecuente en equinos, y corresponde a un tercio de todos los tumores reportados en esta especie. Clínicamente se clasifican en seis tipos: verrugosas, superficiales, nodulares, fibroblastos, maligno o mezclado. El diagnóstico es dado a través de biopsia de la piel y estudio histopatológico. El vendaje, la extirpación quirúrgica, criocirugía, la cirugía a láser, electro quimioterapia intralesional con cisplatino, uso de BCG, radioterapia y aciclovir tópico son opciones de técnicas para tratamiento de tumores. El protocolo de tratamiento debe ser elegido con criterio por el veterinario, ya que para cada protocolo hay diferentes indicaciones y variable de eficacia, dependiendo del tipo de tumor, tamaño y ubicación. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir las técnicas de tratamientos disponibles en la literatura para sarcoide equino, además de aclarar la etiología, sus características histológicas y aspectos clínicos para mejor enfoque en el diagnóstico de la neoplasia. De acuerdo con el descrito en la literatura, el sarcoide equino es la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente en la rutina clínica, lo que ha determinado la elección de esta revisión, permitiendo mayor conocimiento acerca de esa enfermedad y los tratamientos disponibles en el mercado.(AU)

Caracterização molecular e susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de isolados bacterianos de camarões / Molecular characterization and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of isolated bacterials from shrimps (“Litopenaeus vannamei”)

Objetivou-se isolar bactérias provenientes do trato intestinal de camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei, por meio da caracterização bioquímica e molecular, atividade de inibição in vitro do Bacillus cereus e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. As espécies bacterianas identificadas foram Aeromonas caviae (n = 7), Alcaligenes denitrificans (n = 1), Bacillus cereus (n = 1) e Enterobacter spp. (n = 3). Bacillus cereus obtido neste estudo não apresentou atividade de inibição frente às demais bactérias isoladas de camarões. Quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos, foram observados 68,7% de eritromicina, 50% de tetraciclina, 81,2% de sulfametoxazol/trimetoprina, neomicina e estreptomicina, 12,5% de lincomicina e ampicilina, 87,5% de enrofloxacina e nitrofurantoína, 93,7% de ceftriaxona, 100% de norfloxacina e ácido nalidíxico. A caracterização molecular é útil para identificação dos microrganismos estudados. O ácido nalidíxico e a norfloxacina foram eficientes contra os isolados de camarões.(AU)

The objective was to isolate bacteria from gut of shrimps from Litopenaeus vannamei, by biochemical characterization and molecular identification, inhibition activity in vitro of Bacillus cereus and sensitivity pattern determination. The bacterial species isolated were: Aeromonas caviae (n = 7), Alcaligenes denitrificans (n = 1), Bacillus cereus (n = 1) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 3). Bacillus cereus isolated in this study did not have inhibitory activity to other shrimps isolated bactéria evaluated. In the susceptibility to antimicrobial drug test, it were observed 68,7% to erythromycin, 50% to tetracycline, 81,2% to trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole, neomycin and estreptomycin, 12,5% to lincomycin and ampicillin, 87,5% to enrofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, 93,7% to ceftriaxone, 100% to norfloxacin and nalidix acid. The characterization molecular is important on identifying the microrganisms studied. The nalidixic acid and norfloxacin are antimicrobial drugs with high sensitivity for bacteria isolated from shrimps.(AU)

Caracterização molecular e susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de isolados bacterianos de camarões / Molecular characterization and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of isolated bacterials from shrimps (“Litopenaeus vannamei”)

Objetivou-se isolar bactérias provenientes do trato intestinal de camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei, por meio da caracterização bioquímica e molecular, atividade de inibição in vitro do Bacillus cereus e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. As espécies bacterianas identificadas foram Aeromonas caviae (n = 7), Alcaligenes denitrificans (n = 1), Bacillus cereus (n = 1) e Enterobacter spp. (n = 3). Bacillus cereus obtido neste estudo não apresentou atividade de inibição frente às demais bactérias isoladas de camarões. Quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos, foram observados 68,7% de eritromicina, 50% de tetraciclina, 81,2% de sulfametoxazol/trimetoprina, neomicina e estreptomicina, 12,5% de lincomicina e ampicilina, 87,5% de enrofloxacina e nitrofurantoína, 93,7% de ceftriaxona, 100% de norfloxacina e ácido nalidíxico. A caracterização molecular é útil para identificação dos microrganismos estudados. O ácido nalidíxico e a norfloxacina foram eficientes contra os isolados de camarões.

The objective was to isolate bacteria from gut of shrimps from Litopenaeus vannamei, by biochemical characterization and molecular identification, inhibition activity in vitro of Bacillus cereus and sensitivity pattern determination. The bacterial species isolated were: Aeromonas caviae (n = 7), Alcaligenes denitrificans (n = 1), Bacillus cereus (n = 1) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 3). Bacillus cereus isolated in this study did not have inhibitory activity to other shrimps isolated bactéria evaluated. In the susceptibility to antimicrobial drug test, it were observed 68,7% to erythromycin, 50% to tetracycline, 81,2% to trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole, neomycin and estreptomycin, 12,5% to lincomycin and ampicillin, 87,5% to enrofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, 93,7% to ceftriaxone, 100% to norfloxacin and nalidix acid. The characterization molecular is important on identifying the microrganisms studied. The nalidixic acid and norfloxacin are antimicrobial drugs with high sensitivity for bacteria isolated from shrimps.