First report of a nest of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira (Hymenoptera: Apidae) / Primeiro registro de um ninho de Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

We provide herein the first report of a nest of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira, 2020, a species that was recently described for the Cerrado domain. The nest was collected in a Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae) plantation in Minas Gerais State, Brazil and was built in a trap nest, a dry petiole of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae). Within the nest there was a living female and a brood cell without partition containing a pupa, whose adult female emerged 28 days after pupation. Pollen analysis revealed the dominance of Emilia fosbergii Nicolson (Asteraceae) pollen grains, a weed recorded a few meters from the nest. The record of an adult female within the nest with a pupa and the absence of nest partition might suggest social behavior in this bee species.(AU)

Primeiro registro de um ninho de Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira (Hymenoptera: Apidae). É fornecido o primeiro registro de um ninho de Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira, 2020, uma espécie que foi recentemente descrita para o domínio do Cerrado. O ninho foi coletado em um cultivo de Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil e foi construído em um ninho-armadilha, um pecíolo seco de Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae). Dentro do ninho havia uma fêmea e uma célula de cria sem partição contendo uma pupa, a qual a fêmea adulta emergiu 28 dias após pupação. A análise polínica revelou a dominância de grãos de pólen de Emilia fosbergii Nicolson (Asteraceae), uma espécie ruderal observada a poucos metros do ninho. O registro de uma fêmea adulta dentro do ninho juntamente com uma pupa e a ausência de partição na célula de cria podem sugerir comportamento social nesta espécie de abelha.(AU)

Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area

Abstract This study aimed to assess the diversity, abundance and seasonal dynamics of Ophioniformes wasps collected throughout a year, as recorded in Malaise traps set at the Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, a Brazilian Savanna area in Aquidauana city, MS. A total of 621 specimens of Ophioniformes belonging to 11 subfamilies, 30 genera and 106 species were sampled. Despite the impressive number of species found, in a pattern of a few relatively abundant species and many rare ones, our data estimate even higher richness, probably between 125 to 165 species in the studied area. The genera Diadegma, Nonnus, Diradops, Meniscomorpha, Syzeuctus, Ophiopterus and Thyreodon are recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul State. Among the climatic variables evaluated, mean temperature and relative humidity were positively and significantly correlated with richness and abundance. Our data highlights the huge unknown species richness of these parasitoids in Brazil and the need of taxonomic studies efforts in the future.

Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area

Abstract This study aimed to assess the diversity, abundance and seasonal dynamics of Ophioniformes wasps collected throughout a year, as recorded in Malaise traps set at the Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, a Brazilian Savanna area in Aquidauana city, MS. A total of 621 specimens of Ophioniformes belonging to 11 subfamilies, 30 genera and 106 species were sampled. Despite the impressive number of species found, in a pattern of a few relatively abundant species and many rare ones, our data estimate even higher richness, probably between 125 to 165 species in the studied area. The genera Diadegma, Nonnus, Diradops, Meniscomorpha, Syzeuctus, Ophiopterus and Thyreodon are recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul State. Among the climatic variables evaluated, mean temperature and relative humidity were positively and significantly correlated with richness and abundance. Our data highlights the huge unknown species richness of these parasitoids in Brazil and the need of taxonomic studies efforts in the future.

Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area

This study aimed to assess the diversity, abundance and seasonal dynamics of Ophioniformes wasps collected throughout a year, as recorded in Malaise traps set at the Reserva Ecológica da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, a Brazilian Savanna area in Aquidauana city, MS. A total of 621 specimens of Ophioniformes belonging to 11 subfamilies, 30 genera and 106 species were sampled. Despite the impressive number of species found, in a pattern of a few relatively abundant species and many rare ones, our data estimate even higher richness, probably between 125 to 165 species in the studied area. The genera Diadegma, Nonnus, Diradops, Meniscomorpha, Syzeuctus, Ophiopterus and Thyreodon are recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul State. Among the climatic variables evaluated, mean temperature and relative humidity were positively and significantly correlated with richness and abundance. Our data highlights the huge unknown species richness of these parasitoids in Brazil and the need of taxonomic studies efforts in the future.(AU)

Desenvolvimento de porta-enxerto de videira em consórcio com plantasde cobertura do solo / Development of vine rootstock in intercropped with soil cover crops

A utilização de plantas de cobertura do solo, no cultivo da videira é uma técnica importante, principalmente para regiões de clima tropical devido às elevadas temperaturas do ar e do solo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento do cultivar de porta-enxerto de videira IAC 572 ‘Jales’, consorciadocom diferentes plantas decobertura do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul -Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições de duas plantas do porta-enxerto, totalizando dez plantas úteis por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram definidos pelas plantas de cobertura: milheto (Pennisetum glaucum); crotolária (Crotalaria juncea); e mamona (Ricinus communis). Foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, diâmetro de caule, número de ramos e teor relativo de clorofila. O desenvolvimento de porta-enxerto IAC 572 ‘Jales’, é favorecido pelo cultivo consorciado com crotalária e milheto na entrelinha de plantio, pois contribui para maior altura de plantas e maior teor relativo de clorofila. A utilização da cultura da mamona, em consórcio com o porta-enxerto, deve ser evitada. Tais resultados demonstram a importância de se conhecer a interação entre e espécie cultivada e as plantas de cobertura do solo. Desta forma, outras espécies devem ser avaliadas, para cultivo em consócio com a cultura da videira em regiões tropicais.

The use of soil cover crops in the cultivation of the vine is an important technique, especially for tropical climate regions due to high air and soil temperatures. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the development of the vine rootstock cultivar “IAC 572 ‘Jales’, intercropped with different types of soilcover plants in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul -Cassilândia University Unit. The experimental design performed on randomized blocks and with five replications of two rootstock plants, totaling ten useful plants per treatment. The treatments were defined by cover crops: millet (Pennisetum glaucum); crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea); and castor (Ricinus communis). Plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and relative chlorophyll content were evaluated. The development of IAC 572 'Jales' rootstock is favored by the intercropping with crotalaria and millet between the planting rows, as it contributes to greater plant height and higher relative chlorophyll content. The use of castor bean culture, in consortium with the rootstock, should be avoided. These results demonstrate the importance of knowing the interaction between the cultivated species and the ground cover crops. Thus, other species must be evaluated, for cultivation in association with the culture of the vine in tropical regions.

Desenvolvimento de porta-enxerto de videira em consórcio com plantasde cobertura do solo / Development of vine rootstock in intercropped with soil cover crops

A utilização de plantas de cobertura do solo, no cultivo da videira é uma técnica importante, principalmente para regiões de clima tropical devido às elevadas temperaturas do ar e do solo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento do cultivar de porta-enxerto de videira IAC 572 ‘Jales, consorciadocom diferentes plantas decobertura do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul -Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições de duas plantas do porta-enxerto, totalizando dez plantas úteis por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram definidos pelas plantas de cobertura: milheto (Pennisetum glaucum); crotolária (Crotalaria juncea); e mamona (Ricinus communis). Foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, diâmetro de caule, número de ramos e teor relativo de clorofila. O desenvolvimento de porta-enxerto IAC 572 ‘Jales, é favorecido pelo cultivo consorciado com crotalária e milheto na entrelinha de plantio, pois contribui para maior altura de plantas e maior teor relativo de clorofila. A utilização da cultura da mamona, em consórcio com o porta-enxerto, deve ser evitada. Tais resultados demonstram a importância de se conhecer a interação entre e espécie cultivada e as plantas de cobertura do solo. Desta forma, outras espécies devem ser avaliadas, para cultivo em consócio com a cultura da videira em regiões tropicais.(AU)

The use of soil cover crops in the cultivation of the vine is an important technique, especially for tropical climate regions due to high air and soil temperatures. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the development of the vine rootstock cultivar “IAC 572 ‘Jales, intercropped with different types of soilcover plants in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul -Cassilândia University Unit. The experimental design performed on randomized blocks and with five replications of two rootstock plants, totaling ten useful plants per treatment. The treatments were defined by cover crops: millet (Pennisetum glaucum); crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea); and castor (Ricinus communis). Plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and relative chlorophyll content were evaluated. The development of IAC 572 'Jales' rootstock is favored by the intercropping with crotalaria and millet between the planting rows, as it contributes to greater plant height and higher relative chlorophyll content. The use of castor bean culture, in consortium with the rootstock, should be avoided. These results demonstrate the importance of knowing the interaction between the cultivated species and the ground cover crops. Thus, other species must be evaluated, for cultivation in association with the culture of the vine in tropical regions.(AU)

Sistema Santa Fé auxilia na redução do escoamento superficial e melhoria da qualidade da água? / Santa Fé System assists in reducing runoff and improvement the quality of water?

A cobertura vegetal na superfície do solo é uma prática fundamental para o estabelecimento de sistemas conservacionistas do solo e da água. O Sistema Santa Fé consiste na inclusão de espécies forrageiras no sistema de produção de grãos, sobretudo por consorciação. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do cultivo do milho solteiro e do milho em consórcio com capim U. brizantha cv. marandu, no escoamento superficial e qualidade da água escoada utilizando um simulador de chuvas.O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Escola do IF Goiano Campus Iporá em Neossolo Quartzarênico argiloso, em uma região do Cerrado. As seguintes coberturas do solo foram avaliadas: solo descoberto, milho híbrido solteiro e Sistema Santa Fé. Para a determinação do volume escoado e a qualidade da água escoada em cada tratamento foram realizados três testes, utilizando-se um simulador de chuvas pendular construído no IF Goiano Campus Iporá. Em cada teste foram contabilizadas o volume total de água escoada e a cada cinco minutos foram coletadas amostras para caracterização da qualidade da água, nas quais foram analisadas a turbidez, pH e condutividade elétrica. As perdas de água foram reduzidas 82% e a turbidez em 96% no sistema Santa Fé, em comparação ao solo descoberto. O Sistema Santa Fé apresentou melhor desempenho com menor volume de escoamento superficial e melhor qualidade da água escoada quando avaliada a turbidez, o que demonstra o seu elevado potencial em minimizar a erosão hídrica do solo.(AU)

The cover crop on the soil surface is a fundamental practice for the establishment of soil and water conservation systems.The Santa Fé System consists of the inclusion of forage species in the grain production system, mainly by intercropping. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation of single maize and maize in consortium with U. brizantha cv. marandu, in runoff and quality of run off using a rainfall simulator. The experiment was carried out at the School Farm of the IF Goiano Campus Iporá in a Quartzipsament, in a Brazilian Savanna region. The following land cover were evaluated: uncovered soil, single hybrid corn and Santa Fé System. For the determination of the runoff volume and the runoff quality, three tests were performed in each treatment, using a pendulum rainfall simulator built at the IF Goiano Campus Iporá. In each test, the total volume of runoff was counted and every five minutes samples were collected to characterize the runoff quality, in which turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity were analyzed. Water losses were reduced by 82% and turbidity by 96% in the Santa Fé system, compared to uncovered soil.The Santa Fé System showed better performance with less runoff volume and better quality of runoff when turbidity was evaluated, which demonstrates its high potential in minimizing soil water erosion.(AU)

Sistema Santa Fé auxilia na redução do escoamento superficial e melhoria da qualidade da água? / Santa Fé System assists in reducing runoff and improvement the quality of water?

A cobertura vegetal na superfície do solo é uma prática fundamental para o estabelecimento de sistemas conservacionistas do solo e da água. O Sistema Santa Fé consiste na inclusão de espécies forrageiras no sistema de produção de grãos, sobretudo por consorciação. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do cultivo do milho solteiro e do milho em consórcio com capim U. brizantha cv. marandu, no escoamento superficial e qualidade da água escoada utilizando um simulador de chuvas.O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Escola do IF Goiano Campus Iporá em Neossolo Quartzarênico argiloso, em uma região do Cerrado. As seguintes coberturas do solo foram avaliadas: solo descoberto, milho híbrido solteiro e Sistema Santa Fé. Para a determinação do volume escoado e a qualidade da água escoada em cada tratamento foram realizados três testes, utilizando-se um simulador de chuvas pendular construído no IF Goiano Campus Iporá. Em cada teste foram contabilizadas o volume total de água escoada e a cada cinco minutos foram coletadas amostras para caracterização da qualidade da água, nas quais foram analisadas a turbidez, pH e condutividade elétrica. As perdas de água foram reduzidas 82% e a turbidez em 96% no sistema Santa Fé, em comparação ao solo descoberto. O Sistema Santa Fé apresentou melhor desempenho com menor volume de escoamento superficial e melhor qualidade da água escoada quando avaliada a turbidez, o que demonstra o seu elevado potencial em minimizar a erosão hídrica do solo.

The cover crop on the soil surface is a fundamental practice for the establishment of soil and water conservation systems.The Santa Fé System consists of the inclusion of forage species in the grain production system, mainly by intercropping. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation of single maize and maize in consortium with U. brizantha cv. marandu, in runoff and quality of run off using a rainfall simulator. The experiment was carried out at the School Farm of the IF Goiano Campus Iporá in a Quartzipsament, in a Brazilian Savanna region. The following land cover were evaluated: uncovered soil, single hybrid corn and Santa Fé System. For the determination of the runoff volume and the runoff quality, three tests were performed in each treatment, using a pendulum rainfall simulator built at the IF Goiano Campus Iporá. In each test, the total volume of runoff was counted and every five minutes samples were collected to characterize the runoff quality, in which turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity were analyzed. Water losses were reduced by 82% and turbidity by 96% in the Santa Fé system, compared to uncovered soil.The Santa Fé System showed better performance with less runoff volume and better quality of runoff when turbidity was evaluated, which demonstrates its high potential in minimizing soil water erosion.

A new synonym and seventeen new distributional records in South American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), with notes on Chlorethe scabrosa Zajciw, 1963

We studied 18 cerambycid beetle species native to South America. Seventeen represent new state records in Brazil. Particularly, Chlorethe scabrosaZajciw, 1963 is newly reported for the state of Rio de Janeiro with exclusion of C. brachypteraZajciw, 1963. The Brazilian state of the type locality of Dufauxia guaicurana Lane, 1955 is fixed. Pirangoclytus mendosus (Galileo & Martins, 1996) is synonymized with P. mniszechii (Chevrolat, 1862), and its holotype is a female. Variation on Trypanidius maculatus Monné & Delfino, 1980 is commented. New country and department records for Paraguay are also provided.

A new synonym and seventeen new distributional records in South American Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), with notes on Chlorethe scabrosa Zajciw, 1963

We studied 18 cerambycid beetle species native to South America. Seventeen represent new state records in Brazil. Particularly, Chlorethe scabrosaZajciw, 1963 is newly reported for the state of Rio de Janeiro with exclusion of C. brachypteraZajciw, 1963. The Brazilian state of the type locality of Dufauxia guaicurana Lane, 1955 is fixed. Pirangoclytus mendosus (Galileo & Martins, 1996) is synonymized with P. mniszechii (Chevrolat, 1862), and its holotype is a female. Variation on Trypanidius maculatus Monné & Delfino, 1980 is commented. New country and department records for Paraguay are also provided.(AU)

Evaluation of the use of pequi pulp flour in breaded meat / Avaliação do uso de farinha da polpa de pequi em empanados cárneos

Processed meat foods may be associated with poor eating habits, but the aggregation of vegetable ingredients, such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), makes the formulations of these products healthier and more nutritious. Thus this study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of breaded chicken prepared with pequi pulp flour in breading, as well as to evaluate the technological and sensorial properties of the breaded chicken. The pequis pulp from the region of Montes Claros - MG was dehydrated to obtain flour used in predust, with substitutions of 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the breadcrumbs flour. Meat products were chemically evaluated for moisture, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and ashes, technologically with measures of specific volume, yield, color difference, chromaticity, and tone of the breaded chicken, and sensorially by the evaluation of the intention of consumption and acceptance. As a result, pequi flour added lipid and protein content, improved yield, allowed higher specific volumes, and more intense color tones to the breaded. In addition, these presented good sensorial results and without significant differences among the studied formulations. It was concluded that the use of pequi flour in the production of breaded chicken can provide nutritional and technological enrichment to these products, without adversely affecting their sensorial characteristics.

Alimentos cárneos processados podem estar associados a hábitos alimentares pouco sadios, mas a agregação de ingredientes vegetais, como o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), torna as formulações desses produtos mais saudáveis e nutritivas. Assim, este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição química de empanados de frango preparados com farinha da polpa de pequi na camada de empanamento, bem como avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas e sensoriais dos empanados produzidos. A polpa de pequis da região de Montes Claros - MG foi desidratada para obtenção da farinha utilizada na camada de pré enfarinhamento, com substituições de 0%, 25%, 50% e 100% da farinha de rosca. Os produtos cárneos foram avaliados quimicamente quanto aos teores de umidade, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos e cinzas; tecnologicamente com medidas de volume específico, rendimento, diferença de cor, cromaticidade e tonalidade dos empanados; e sensorialmente pela avaliação da intenção de consumo e aceitação. Como resultados, a farinha de pequi acrescentou conteúdo lipídico e proteico, melhorou o rendimento, permitiu maiores volumes específicos e tonalidades de cor mais intensas aos empanados. Ademais estes apresentaram bons resultados sensoriais e sem diferenças significativas entre as formulações estudadas. Conclui-se que a utilização da farinha de pequi na produção de empanados, pode fornecer enriquecimento nutricional e tecnológico a estes produtos, sem alterar negativamente suas características sensoriais.

Evaluation of the use of pequi pulp flour in breaded meat / Avaliação do uso de farinha da polpa de pequi em empanados cárneos

Processed meat foods may be associated with poor eating habits, but the aggregation of vegetable ingredients, such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), makes the formulations of these products healthier and more nutritious. Thus this study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of breaded chicken prepared with pequi pulp flour in breading, as well as to evaluate the technological and sensorial properties of the breaded chicken. The pequis pulp from the region of Montes Claros - MG was dehydrated to obtain flour used in predust, with substitutions of 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the breadcrumbs flour. Meat products were chemically evaluated for moisture, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and ashes, technologically with measures of specific volume, yield, color difference, chromaticity, and tone of the breaded chicken, and sensorially by the evaluation of the intention of consumption and acceptance. As a result, pequi flour added lipid and protein content, improved yield, allowed higher specific volumes, and more intense color tones to the breaded. In addition, these presented good sensorial results and without significant differences among the studied formulations. It was concluded that the use of pequi flour in the production of breaded chicken can provide nutritional and technological enrichment to these products, without adversely affecting their sensorial characteristics.(AU)

Alimentos cárneos processados podem estar associados a hábitos alimentares pouco sadios, mas a agregação de ingredientes vegetais, como o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), torna as formulações desses produtos mais saudáveis e nutritivas. Assim, este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição química de empanados de frango preparados com farinha da polpa de pequi na camada de empanamento, bem como avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas e sensoriais dos empanados produzidos. A polpa de pequis da região de Montes Claros - MG foi desidratada para obtenção da farinha utilizada na camada de pré enfarinhamento, com substituições de 0%, 25%, 50% e 100% da farinha de rosca. Os produtos cárneos foram avaliados quimicamente quanto aos teores de umidade, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos e cinzas; tecnologicamente com medidas de volume específico, rendimento, diferença de cor, cromaticidade e tonalidade dos empanados; e sensorialmente pela avaliação da intenção de consumo e aceitação. Como resultados, a farinha de pequi acrescentou conteúdo lipídico e proteico, melhorou o rendimento, permitiu maiores volumes específicos e tonalidades de cor mais intensas aos empanados. Ademais estes apresentaram bons resultados sensoriais e sem diferenças significativas entre as formulações estudadas. Conclui-se que a utilização da farinha de pequi na produção de empanados, pode fornecer enriquecimento nutricional e tecnológico a estes produtos, sem alterar negativamente suas características sensoriais.(AU)

Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams

Drought can be viewd as a perturbation in running waters and fish are often trapped in isolated pools, where deterioration of water quality may be stressful. We investigated how this extreme condition influences response of oxidative stress biomarkers. The response of the characid Astyanax elachylepis was assessed during the dry and rainy seasons in intermittent and perennial (control) sites in streams from Brazilian savannah (Cerrado). We predicted that the biomarkers would be enhanced in the dry season in intermittent streams only due the environmentally harsh conditions in the few isolated pools that remain filled with water. As predicted, fish from the intermittent stream in the dry season presented higher gill MDA values, indicating greater stress. In the liver, MDA values were higher in the dry season for both intermittent and perennial streams, suggesting a generalized seasonal response. As expected, some antioxidant response enzymes changed in the intermittent sites during the dry season. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers vary seasonally, with greater increase in intermittent sites. These evidences contribute for the understanding of the spatio-temporal variation of the fish responses and fish resistance to perturbations by drought in tropical environments.(AU)

A seca pode ser vista como uma perturbação em ambientes aquáticos lóticos e, em alguns casos, os peixes podem ser aprisionados em trechos lênticos (poços), onde a perda da qualidade da água pode causar estresse. Investigamos como esta condição extrema influencia biomarcadores bioquímicos de estresse oxidativo. Para isso, a resposta do caracídeo Astyanax elachylepis foi avaliada durante as estações seca e chuvosa em trechos intermitentes e perenes (controle) de riachos da savana brasileira (Cerrado). Predizemos que os biomarcadores seriam aumentados somente em peixes dos trechos intermitentes durante a estação seca, devido as condições restritivas dos poucos poços isolados que contém água. Como predito, os peixes do riacho intermitente apresentaram altos valores de MDA nas brânquias durante a estação seca, indicando maior estresse oxidativo. No fígado, os valores de MDA foram maiores na estação seca em ambos riachos, intermitente e perene, sugerindo uma resposta sazonal generalizada. Como esperado, algumas enzimas antioxidantes foram alteradas em peixes de trechos intermitentes durante a estação seca. Portanto, os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo variam sazonalmente e essa variação é maior em trechos intermitentes. Essas evidências contribuem para a compreensão da variação espaço-temporal da resposta dos peixes e da sua resistência às perturbações por seca em ambientes tropicais.(AU)

Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams

ABSTRACT Drought can be viewd as a perturbation in running waters and fish are often trapped in isolated pools, where deterioration of water quality may be stressful. We investigated how this extreme condition influences response of oxidative stress biomarkers. The response of the characid Astyanax elachylepis was assessed during the dry and rainy seasons in intermittent and perennial (control) sites in streams from Brazilian savannah (Cerrado). We predicted that the biomarkers would be enhanced in the dry season in intermittent streams only due the environmentally harsh conditions in the few isolated pools that remain filled with water. As predicted, fish from the intermittent stream in the dry season presented higher gill MDA values, indicating greater stress. In the liver, MDA values were higher in the dry season for both intermittent and perennial streams, suggesting a generalized seasonal response. As expected, some antioxidant response enzymes changed in the intermittent sites during the dry season. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers vary seasonally, with greater increase in intermittent sites. These evidences contribute for the understanding of the spatio-temporal variation of the fish responses and fish resistance to perturbations by drought in tropical environments.

RESUMO A seca pode ser vista como uma perturbação em ambientes aquáticos lóticos e, em alguns casos, os peixes podem ser aprisionados em trechos lênticos (poços), onde a perda da qualidade da água pode causar estresse. Investigamos como esta condição extrema influencia biomarcadores bioquímicos de estresse oxidativo. Para isso, a resposta do caracídeo Astyanax elachylepis foi avaliada durante as estações seca e chuvosa em trechos intermitentes e perenes (controle) de riachos da savana brasileira (Cerrado). Predizemos que os biomarcadores seriam aumentados somente em peixes dos trechos intermitentes durante a estação seca, devido as condições restritivas dos poucos poços isolados que contém água. Como predito, os peixes do riacho intermitente apresentaram altos valores de MDA nas brânquias durante a estação seca, indicando maior estresse oxidativo. No fígado, os valores de MDA foram maiores na estação seca em ambos riachos, intermitente e perene, sugerindo uma resposta sazonal generalizada. Como esperado, algumas enzimas antioxidantes foram alteradas em peixes de trechos intermitentes durante a estação seca. Portanto, os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo variam sazonalmente e essa variação é maior em trechos intermitentes. Essas evidências contribuem para a compreensão da variação espaço-temporal da resposta dos peixes e da sua resistência às perturbações por seca em ambientes tropicais.

A new cecidogenous species of many-plumed moth (Alucitidae) associated with Cordiera A. Rich. ex DC. (Rubiaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Larvae of many-plumed moths (Alucitidae), especially in the world-wide genus Alucita Linnaeus, 1758 are known as borers or gall-inducers on flowers, fruits and shoots of a few dicotyledonous families, including Bignoniaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Rubiaceae. However, there is no study available on the biology of the monotypic, Neotropical genus Prymnotomis Meyrick, 1931 except for its original description that was based on a single male, the holotype of Prymnotomis crypsicroca Meyrick, 1931 from Espirito Santo, Brazil. We describe here a second species for this genus, Prymnotomis cecidicola sp. nov. whose larvae induce galls on Cordiera elliptica (Cham.) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), a dioecious plant with dimorphic inflorescences found in the Brazilian Cerrado, Planaltina City, Federal District. Adults, larvae, pupae and galls are illustrated under light and scanning electron microscopy. Galls are green, spherical, unilocular and develop individually on C. elliptica flower buds. During development they look like fruits in shape and colour but are larger, do not have style scars when on female plants, and are induced also in male inflorescences. Pupation occurs outside the gall within a silk cocoon, presumably in the litter. A preliminary analysis of DNA barcode sequences including putative members of other alucitid lineages and Neotropical BINs (Barcode Index Number) supports Prymnotomis cecidicola sp. nov. as an independent phylogenetic unit, with 12 to 18% divergence. Its nearest-neighbour was the BIN cluster 5 (BOLD:AAA0842) that includes specimens from Costa Rica.

A new cecidogenous species of many-plumed moth (Alucitidae) associated with Cordiera A. Rich. ex DC. (Rubiaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Larvae of many-plumed moths (Alucitidae), especially in the world-wide genus Alucita Linnaeus, 1758 are known as borers or gall-inducers on flowers, fruits and shoots of a few dicotyledonous families, including Bignoniaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Rubiaceae. However, there is no study available on the biology of the monotypic, Neotropical genus Prymnotomis Meyrick, 1931 except for its original description that was based on a single male, the holotype of Prymnotomis crypsicroca Meyrick, 1931 from Espirito Santo, Brazil. We describe here a second species for this genus, Prymnotomis cecidicola sp. nov. whose larvae induce galls on Cordiera elliptica (Cham.) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), a dioecious plant with dimorphic inflorescences found in the Brazilian Cerrado, Planaltina City, Federal District. Adults, larvae, pupae and galls are illustrated under light and scanning electron microscopy. Galls are green, spherical, unilocular and develop individually on C. elliptica flower buds. During development they look like fruits in shape and colour but are larger, do not have style scars when on female plants, and are induced also in male inflorescences. Pupation occurs outside the gall within a silk cocoon, presumably in the litter. A preliminary analysis of DNA barcode sequences including putative members of other alucitid lineages and Neotropical BINs (Barcode Index Number) supports Prymnotomis cecidicola sp. nov. as an independent phylogenetic unit, with 12 to 18% divergence. Its nearest-neighbour was the BIN cluster 5 (BOLD:AAA0842) that includes specimens from Costa Rica.(AU)

Vegetative propagation of pequi (souari nut) by cutting / Propagação vegetativa do pequizeiro por estaquia

Pequi is propagated mainly by the seminal pathway (seminal route) and presents an uneven and reduced germination. The increasing demand for fruits and seedlings for reforestation indicate the need for new strategies for the propagation of this species which would minimize the negative impact of predatory extractivism on Caryocar brasiliense. The present study aimed to assist the development of a protocol for the cutting of the pequi tree (pequizeiro). Different ages of the matrix plant and levels of foliation and pruning were assessed through the collection (sampling) of cuttings (stakes) from plants in the field. It was noted that cuttings (stakes) from seedlings (young plants) have greater rooting capacity when compared to cuttings derived from adult plants. Pequi leafless stakes failed to root. In contrast, stakes with 50% of leaflets cut from their original size showed 2.5% of rooting whereas those with 6 leaflets showed 22.5% of rooting. Stakes from pruned apical branches exhibited 21.2% of rooting. Both callogenesis and rooting of pequi stakes demonstrated the potential of this particular species from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) for cutting.(AU)

O pequizeiro é propagado predominantemente por via seminal apresentando germinação desuniforme e reduzida. A crescente demanda por frutos e mudas para reflorestamento indicam a necessidade de novas estratégias para a propagação desta espécie, minimizando os impactos do extrativismo predatório. Objetivou-se com este estudo auxiliar no desenvolvimento de um protocolo para estaquia do pequizeiro, avaliando diferentes idades da planta matriz, níveis de enfolhamento e podas, por meio de coleta de estacas em plantas a campo. Verificou-se que estacas oriundas de plantas jovens possuem maior capacidade de enraizamento, quando comparada às estacas derivadas de plantas adultas. Estacas de pequizeiro sem folhas não enraizaram, embora estacas com 50% de folíolos cortados do seu tamanho original apresentaram 2,5% de enraizamento e com seis folíolos 22,5%. Estacas oriundas de ramos apicais podados exibiram 21,2% de enraizamento. A calogênese e o enraizamento de estacas de pequi demonstram o potencial desta espécie do Cerrado para estaquia.(AU)

How do males of Hypsiboas goianus (Hylidae: Anura) respond to conspecific acoustic stimuli?

Acoustic communication plays an important role in the social behavior of anurans. Acoustic signals, which can be used in different contexts such as mate attraction and territory defense, may mediate social interactions among individuals. Herein, we used playback experiments to test whether males of Hypsiboas goianus (Lutz, 1968) change their vocal behavior in response to conspecific advertisement calls. Specifically, we used different field playback experiments in which we modified the time interval between advertisement calls to simulate males with distinct states of motivation (Sequence A and B). We did not observe differences in the acoustic response of males of H. goianus between the two types of field playback experiments. On the other hand, we observed that H. goianus males reduce the dominant frequency of the advertisement call and increase the rate of aggressive calls in response to a conspecific competitor. Our results suggest that the acoustic plasticity observed in males of H. goianus represents an aggressive response that allows repelling conspecific individuals.

How do males of Hypsiboas goianus (Hylidae: Anura) respond to conspecific acoustic stimuli?

Acoustic communication plays an important role in the social behavior of anurans. Acoustic signals, which can be used in different contexts such as mate attraction and territory defense, may mediate social interactions among individuals. Herein, we used playback experiments to test whether males of Hypsiboas goianus (Lutz, 1968) change their vocal behavior in response to conspecific advertisement calls. Specifically, we used different field playback experiments in which we modified the time interval between advertisement calls to simulate males with distinct states of motivation (Sequence A and B). We did not observe differences in the acoustic response of males of H. goianus between the two types of field playback experiments. On the other hand, we observed that H. goianus males reduce the dominant frequency of the advertisement call and increase the rate of aggressive calls in response to a conspecific competitor. Our results suggest that the acoustic plasticity observed in males of H. goianus represents an aggressive response that allows repelling conspecific individuals.(AU)

Thermal comfort index and infrared temperatures for lambs subjected to different environmental conditions

There is an abundance of thermal indices with different input parameters and applicabilities. Infrared thermography is a promising technique for evaluating the response of animals to the environment and differentiating between genetic groups. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate superficial body temperatures of lambs from three genetic groups under different environmental conditions, correlating these with thermal comfort indices. Forty lambs (18 males and 22 females) from three genetic groups (Santa Inês, Ile de France × Santa Inês and Dorper × Santa Inês) were exposed to three climatic conditions: open air, housed and artificial heating. Infrared thermal images were taken weekly at 6h, 12h and 21h at the neck, front flank, rear flank, rump, nose, skull, trunk and eye. Four thermal comfort indices were calculated using environmental measurements including black globe temperature, air humidity and wind speed. Artificial warming, provided by infrared lamps and wind protection, conserved and increased the superficial body temperature of the lambs, thus providing lower daily thermal ranges. Artificial warming did not influence daily weight gain or mortality. Skin temperatures increased along with increases in climatic indices. Again, infrared thermography is a promising technique for evaluating thermal stress conditions and differentiating environments. However, the use of thermal imaging for understanding animal responses to environmental conditions requires further study.