Full-Length Genomic Characterization of Chicken Anemia Virus in Turkey

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immune-suppressive disease caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). It is characterized by lymphoid atrophy, aplastic anemia, especially in chicks. In this study, full-length genomic characterization of CAV DNA from the broiler flocks in Turkey and phylogenetic analysis were aimed. In the study, CAV DNA were found positive for 37 (53%) flocks with PCR studies from thymus tissues of each 70 broiler flocks. And 17 purified CAV DNA PCR products from these 37 CAV isolates were full length sequenced with the NGS method (Illumina MiSeq). Also with the phylogenetic analyses, full length PCR products of 17 purified CAV isolates have been determined as 2298bp genome size and 99% similarity with each other. The highest similarity (99%) has been detected with the isolates from China and Taiwan. Furthermore, a 97-98% similarity has been detected with vaccine strains (Cux-1, 26P4 and Del Ros) and also 88-90 % similarity has been detected with GyV4 and GyV3 isolates. As a result, in the study full length genomic characterization of CAV DNA from the 7 regions of Turkey were determined. And also all Turkish CAV isolates and vaccine strains were in group 2 according to the phylogenetic tree were obtained. But these isolates and vaccine strains were not found in the same group with GyV3 and GyV4 strains. Besides, these CAV isolates were showed more similarity to the isolates reported from Taiwan and China than the vaccine strains.(AU)

Full-Length Genomic Characterization of Chicken Anemia Virus in Turkey

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immune-suppressive disease caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). It is characterized by lymphoid atrophy, aplastic anemia, especially in chicks. In this study, full-length genomic characterization of CAV DNA from the broiler flocks in Turkey and phylogenetic analysis were aimed. In the study, CAV DNA were found positive for 37 (53%) flocks with PCR studies from thymus tissues of each 70 broiler flocks. And 17 purified CAV DNA PCR products from these 37 CAV isolates were full length sequenced with the NGS method (Illumina MiSeq). Also with the phylogenetic analyses, full length PCR products of 17 purified CAV isolates have been determined as 2298bp genome size and 99% similarity with each other. The highest similarity (99%) has been detected with the isolates from China and Taiwan. Furthermore, a 97-98% similarity has been detected with vaccine strains (Cux-1, 26P4 and Del Ros) and also 88-90 % similarity has been detected with GyV4 and GyV3 isolates. As a result, in the study full length genomic characterization of CAV DNA from the 7 regions of Turkey were determined. And also all Turkish CAV isolates and vaccine strains were in group 2 according to the phylogenetic tree were obtained. But these isolates and vaccine strains were not found in the same group with GyV3 and GyV4 strains. Besides, these CAV isolates were showed more similarity to the isolates reported from Taiwan and China than the vaccine strains.

Detecção e caracterização molecular do vírus da Anemia Infecciosa das Galinhas em frangos de corte de criação de subsistência e industrial no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

A Anemia Infecciosa das Galinhas é uma enfermidade aguda e contagiosa que leva a imunossupressão em aves jovens. Sendo uma doença de grande impacto no setor avícola afetando a taxa de crescimento proporcionando uma grande desuniformidade do lote, além da capacidade de associação do agente etiológico com outras doenças imunossupressoras. O vírus da Anemia Infecciosa das Galinhas (vAIG), apresenta um material genético de natureza DNA, constituído por 3 moléculas proteicas que são componentes cruciais para o entendimento do comportamento do vírus. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar detecção a caracterização molecular do gene VP1 do vAIG a partir de amostras de frangos de corte em granjas industriais e de subsistência do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O vAIG foi detectado através da PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) convencional, em diferentes órgãos, como: timo, baço, fígado, tonsila cecal e Bursa de fabrícius. A partir de 60 aves amostradas (30 de granja industrial e 30 de subsistência) foi possível detectar a presença do vAIG em 21,6% (n=13/60). Nas granjas de criação de subsistência observou-se uma frequência de 20% (n=6/30), enquanto nas granjas de criação industrial a frequência foi de 23,33% (n=7/30) (p>0,05). O vírus foi mais frequentemente detectado no timo e no baço (21,6%, n=13/60), tanto em granjas de criação industrial como nas de criação de subsistência. Vale ressaltar que em nenhuma das granjas avaliadas as aves foram vacinadas contra o vAIG. Subsequentemente, duas amostras positivas do sistema de criação de subsistência e duas do sistema industrial foram sequenciadas e comparadas com outras sequências disponíveis no GenBank para o estudo da diversidade genética de estirpes virais. A análise filogenética demonstrou que as amostras 12 e 13 - Criação de Subsistência e as amostras 31 e 36 - Criação de Industrial foram agrupadas em um único clado, o que revela que as cepas são filogeneticamente relacionadas. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo nos permitem concluir que o vAIG circula em granjas de criação industrial e de subsistência no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Contudo, não se pode afirmar que as aves criações de subsistência são fontes de infecção para as granjas industriais. O monitoramento utilizando ferramentas moleculares para detecção do vAIG em granjas industriais é de extrema relevância para a avaliar se os métodos de prevenção estão sendo eficientes para evitar a introdução do vírus.

Chicken Infectious Anemia is an acute and contagious disease that leads to immunosuppression in young birds. Being a disease of great impact in the poultry sector, affecting the growth rate, providing a great non-uniformity of the flock, besides the capacity of association of the etiologic agent with other immunosuppressive diseases. The Chicken Infectious Anemia virus (CIAV) has a genetic material of ADN nature, consisting of 3 protein molecules that are crucial components for understanding the behavior of the virus. The objective of this study was to detect the molecular characterization of the CIAV VP1 gene from samples of broilers in industrial and subsistence farms in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CIAV was detected using conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), in different organs, such as: thymus, spleen, liver, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius. From 60 sampled birds (30 from industrial farm and 30 from subsistence) it was possible to detect the presence of CIAV in 21.6% (n = 13/60). In livestock farms, a frequency of 20% (n = 6/30) was observed, while in industrial farms the frequency was 23.33% (n = 7/30) (p> 0.05). The virus was most frequently detected in the thymus and spleen (21.6%, n = 13/60), both in industrial and livestock farms. It is worth mentioning that in none of the evaluated farms the birds were vaccinated against CIAV. Subsequently, two positive samples from the livelihood system and two from the industrial system were sequenced and compared with other sequences available from GenBank to study the genetic diversity of viral strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that samples 12 and 13 - Subsistence Creation and samples 31 and 36 - Industrial Creation were grouped into a single clade, which reveals that the strains are phylogenetically related. The results presented in this study allow us to conclude that CIAV circulates in farms of industrial creation and subsistence in the state of Rio de Janeiro. However, it cannot be said that livestock livestock are sources of infection for industrial farms. Monitoring using molecular tools for the detection of CIAV in industrial farms is extremely important to assess whether prevention methods are being effective in preventing the introduction of the virus.

Occurrence of chicken anemia virus in backyard chickens of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

The occurrence of CAV in backyard chickens in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, was evaluated. The spleen and thymus of chickens from different origins were collected for DNA extraction and nested-PCR. CAV genome was detected in 30% of the flocks (n=20) examined. CAV origin for backyard chickens is speculated, taking into consideration its widespread incidence in the chicken industry, the contamination of live vaccines with CAV prior to its eradication from SPF flocks, and the use of attenuated CAV vaccines.

Occurrence of chicken anemia virus in backyard chickens of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

The occurrence of CAV in backyard chickens in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, was evaluated. The spleen and thymus of chickens from different origins were collected for DNA extraction and nested-PCR. CAV genome was detected in 30% of the flocks (n=20) examined. CAV origin for backyard chickens is speculated, taking into consideration its widespread incidence in the chicken industry, the contamination of live vaccines with CAV prior to its eradication from SPF flocks, and the use of attenuated CAV vaccines.