Pseudopterígio em coelho - tratamento com tracolimus / Pseudopterygium in a rabbit - treatment with tracolimus

Background: Pseudopterygium, also known as aberrant conjunctival growth, is poorly described in the literature, althoughit is known that this abnormality is uncommon and affects dwarf rabbits and their crossbreeds. The etiology of this diseaseis unknown, but there are hypotheses that the conjunctival growth cause may have its origins in immunological factors,inflammation, traumatic conditions, or cartilage dysplasias. Thus, this study reports the treatment efficacy applied in arabbit, through the continuous use of tracolimus eye drops, after surgical procedure of conjunctival fold resection, as away of controlling the pseudopterygium in rabbits.Case: This case report discusses the positive results from the surgical and therapeutic conduct of a clinical case attended bythe Ophthalmology and Microsurgical Veterinary Service at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) of the UFSM. Thepatient was a male rabbit, sterilized, approximately 2-year-old, crossed with a dwarf rabbit. The owner’s main complaintwas the change in the aspect of the left eye, with progressive worsening in the previous four weeks. In the ophthalmologicalexamination, the animal did not present impaired vision or discomfort, however, a vascularized pink membrane was noted,which consisted of a fold of the bulbar conjunctiva, that grew centripetally and covered 90% of the cornea in 360 degrees.The diagnosis was confirmed through visual inspection and the patient’s history. The eye alteration had a characteristicaspect, described as proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva over the cornea, in a centripetal manner and without signs ofinflammation. In addition, other ophthalmological alterations were ruled out during the patient’s physical and specificexamination. The patient was referred for anesthetic evaluation and, in addition, pre-surgical blood tests were performed,which were normal, according to the expected ranges for the species...

Pseudopterígio em coelho - tratamento com tracolimus / Pseudopterygium in a rabbit - treatment with tracolimus

Background: Pseudopterygium, also known as aberrant conjunctival growth, is poorly described in the literature, althoughit is known that this abnormality is uncommon and affects dwarf rabbits and their crossbreeds. The etiology of this diseaseis unknown, but there are hypotheses that the conjunctival growth cause may have its origins in immunological factors,inflammation, traumatic conditions, or cartilage dysplasias. Thus, this study reports the treatment efficacy applied in arabbit, through the continuous use of tracolimus eye drops, after surgical procedure of conjunctival fold resection, as away of controlling the pseudopterygium in rabbits.Case: This case report discusses the positive results from the surgical and therapeutic conduct of a clinical case attended bythe Ophthalmology and Microsurgical Veterinary Service at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) of the UFSM. Thepatient was a male rabbit, sterilized, approximately 2-year-old, crossed with a dwarf rabbit. The owners main complaintwas the change in the aspect of the left eye, with progressive worsening in the previous four weeks. In the ophthalmologicalexamination, the animal did not present impaired vision or discomfort, however, a vascularized pink membrane was noted,which consisted of a fold of the bulbar conjunctiva, that grew centripetally and covered 90% of the cornea in 360 degrees.The diagnosis was confirmed through visual inspection and the patients history. The eye alteration had a characteristicaspect, described as proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva over the cornea, in a centripetal manner and without signs ofinflammation. In addition, other ophthalmological alterations were ruled out during the patients physical and specificexamination. The patient was referred for anesthetic evaluation and, in addition, pre-surgical blood tests were performed,which were normal, according to the expected ranges for the species...(AU)

Polymerase chain reaction using conjunctival swab samples for detecting Leishmania DNA in dogs / Reação em cadeia da polimerase usando amostras de Swab de conjuntiva para detecção de DNA de Leishmania em cães

The dog is the main domestic reservoir of Leishmania and font of infection for the vector, constituting an important host for the transmission of the parasite to humans. Non-invasive collection of swab samples for leishmaniasis diagnosis has been a promising alternative. This study analyzed the positivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in conjunctiva samples. DNA extraction was performed using SDS 20% and PCR was performed using 13A/13B primers that amplify 120-bp of Leishmania kDNA. Of the 77 dogs analyzed, 50 (64.93%) had ocular changes: 25 (32.47%) dogs had periocular lesion, 41 (53.25%) dogs had purulent eye discharge, and 17 (22.08%) dogs had both signals. PCR was positive in 35 dogs (45.45%), and there was no significant difference between dogs with and without ocular signals (p=0.4074). PCR positivity was significant higher in dogs without periocular injury (p=0.0018). Conjunctive PCR, a less invasive, fast, and painless collection technique, is indicated to complement the diagnosis, especially in dogs without periocular injury, independent of the presence of purulent eye discharge.(AU)

O cão é o principal reservatório doméstico de Leishmania e também fonte de infecção para o vetor, constituindo um importante hospedeiro para a transmissão do parasita ao homem. A coleta não invasiva de amostras em swab para diagnóstico das leishmanioses tem sido uma alternativa promissora. Este estudo analisou a positividade da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para o diagnóstico de leishmaniose canina em amostras de conjuntiva. A extração do DNA foi realizada com SDS 20%. A PCR foi realizada com primers 13A/13B que amplificam 120-pb do kDNA de Leishmania. Dos 77 cães analisados, 50 (64,93%) tiveram alterações oculares; 25 (32,47%) cães tiveram uma lesão periocular; 41 (53,25%) tiveram secreção ocular purulenta e 17 (22,08%) cães tiveram ambos os sinais. A PCR foi positiva em 35 cães (45,45%) e não houve diferença significativa em cães com e sem sinais oculares (p = 0,4074). A positividade da PCR foi significativamente maior em cães sem lesão periocular (p = 0,0018). PCR em conjuntiva, uma técnica de coleta menos invasiva, rápida e indolor, é indicada para complementar o diagnóstico, principalmente em cães sem lesão periocular, independentemente da presença de secreção ocular purulenta.(AU)

Polymerase chain reaction using conjunctival swab samples for detecting Leishmania DNA in dogs / Reação em cadeia da polimerase usando amostras de Swab de conjuntiva para detecção de DNA de Leishmania em cães

Abstract The dog is the main domestic reservoir of Leishmania and font of infection for the vector, constituting an important host for the transmission of the parasite to humans. Non-invasive collection of swab samples for leishmaniasis diagnosis has been a promising alternative. This study analyzed the positivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in conjunctiva samples. DNA extraction was performed using SDS 20% and PCR was performed using 13A/13B primers that amplify 120-bp of Leishmania kDNA. Of the 77 dogs analyzed, 50 (64.93%) had ocular changes: 25 (32.47%) dogs had periocular lesion, 41 (53.25%) dogs had purulent eye discharge, and 17 (22.08%) dogs had both signals. PCR was positive in 35 dogs (45.45%), and there was no significant difference between dogs with and without ocular signals (p=0.4074). PCR positivity was significant higher in dogs without periocular injury (p=0.0018). Conjunctive PCR, a less invasive, fast, and painless collection technique, is indicated to complement the diagnosis, especially in dogs without periocular injury, independent of the presence of purulent eye discharge.

Resumo O cão é o principal reservatório doméstico de Leishmania e também fonte de infecção para o vetor, constituindo um importante hospedeiro para a transmissão do parasita ao homem. A coleta não invasiva de amostras em swab para diagnóstico das leishmanioses tem sido uma alternativa promissora. Este estudo analisou a positividade da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para o diagnóstico de leishmaniose canina em amostras de conjuntiva. A extração do DNA foi realizada com SDS 20%. A PCR foi realizada com primers 13A/13B que amplificam 120-pb do kDNA de Leishmania. Dos 77 cães analisados, 50 (64,93%) tiveram alterações oculares; 25 (32,47%) cães tiveram uma lesão periocular; 41 (53,25%) tiveram secreção ocular purulenta e 17 (22,08%) cães tiveram ambos os sinais. A PCR foi positiva em 35 cães (45,45%) e não houve diferença significativa em cães com e sem sinais oculares (p = 0,4074). A positividade da PCR foi significativamente maior em cães sem lesão periocular (p = 0,0018). PCR em conjuntiva, uma técnica de coleta menos invasiva, rápida e indolor, é indicada para complementar o diagnóstico, principalmente em cães sem lesão periocular, independentemente da presença de secreção ocular purulenta.

Avaliação da microbiota bacteriana conjuntival de cães hígidos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Marília / Evaluation of the conjunctival bacterial microbiota of healthy dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade de Marília

A microbiota conjuntival dos cães é formada por uma associação de micro-organismos normalmente não patogênicos, que interagem com o sistema imune do animal e possui função de atuar como barreira natural contra entrada de agentes patogênicos. O presente trabalho foi delineado para investigar os micro-organismos presentes na conjuntiva de cães sadios. Foram utilizados 25 cães sadios da rotina clínico cirúrgica do hospital veterinário da Unimar e após instilar uma gota de colírio anestésico em cada olho colheu-se amostra conjuntival superior e inferior de ambos os olhos com swab etéril, preservando a amostra em meio Stuart e logo após cultivada em meios BHI (Brain Heart Infusion), Ágar sangue de carneiro 6%, Ágar MacConkey e Ágar TSA. Após o crescimento bacteriano foi realizada a identificação dos micro-organismos cultivados por meio de testes de triagem bioquímica como oxidase e catalase, além da análise da morfologia bacteriana em lâmina, padrão e coloração de crescimento em ágar. Houve crescimento bacteriano em amostras colhidas de 20 animais das quais 38% dos isolados foram compatíveis com S. intermedius; 30% de Bacilo sp. e 10% S. aureus. A espécie Staphylococcus sp. é natural de membranas mucosas, não sendo patogênica ao animal. Foi, portanto, constatada a predominância de S. intermedius nas amostras da microbiota do olho dos cães sadios examinados.

The conjunctival microbiota of dogs is formed by an association of normally non-pathogenic microorganisms, which interact with the animal’s immune system and have the function of acting as a natural barrier against the entry of pathogens. The objective of the present investigation was the isolation of microorganisms from the conjunctiva of healthy dogs. Twenty five healthy dogs from the clinical surgical routine of the veterinary hospital of Unimar were investigated after instilling a drop of anesthetic eye drops in each eye, an upper and lower conjunctival a sample was collected from both eyes with an sterile swab, preserving the sample in Stuart’s and immediately afterwards grown in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion), 6% sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar and TSA agar. After bacterial growth, cultured microorganisms were identified by means of biochemical screening tests of oxidase and catalase, in addition to analysis of the bacterial morphology in the slide, pattern and growth stain on agar. It was isolated bacteria from eye samples of twenty animals, of them, 38% of isolates were compatible with S. intermedius; 30% of Bacilo sp. and 10% S. aureus. The species Staphylococcus sp. is native to mucous membranes and is not pathogenic to the animal. So it was found the predominance of S. intermedius in samples from the eye microbiota of the healthy dogs investigated.

Avaliação da microbiota bacteriana conjuntival de cães hígidos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Marília / Evaluation of the conjunctival bacterial microbiota of healthy dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade de Marília

A microbiota conjuntival dos cães é formada por uma associação de micro-organismos normalmente não patogênicos, que interagem com o sistema imune do animal e possui função de atuar como barreira natural contra entrada de agentes patogênicos. O presente trabalho foi delineado para investigar os micro-organismos presentes na conjuntiva de cães sadios. Foram utilizados 25 cães sadios da rotina clínico cirúrgica do hospital veterinário da Unimar e após instilar uma gota de colírio anestésico em cada olho colheu-se amostra conjuntival superior e inferior de ambos os olhos com swab etéril, preservando a amostra em meio Stuart e logo após cultivada em meios BHI (Brain Heart Infusion), Ágar sangue de carneiro 6%, Ágar MacConkey e Ágar TSA. Após o crescimento bacteriano foi realizada a identificação dos micro-organismos cultivados por meio de testes de triagem bioquímica como oxidase e catalase, além da análise da morfologia bacteriana em lâmina, padrão e coloração de crescimento em ágar. Houve crescimento bacteriano em amostras colhidas de 20 animais das quais 38% dos isolados foram compatíveis com S. intermedius; 30% de Bacilo sp. e 10% S. aureus. A espécie Staphylococcus sp. é natural de membranas mucosas, não sendo patogênica ao animal. Foi, portanto, constatada a predominância de S. intermedius nas amostras da microbiota do olho dos cães sadios examinados.(AU)

The conjunctival microbiota of dogs is formed by an association of normally non-pathogenic microorganisms, which interact with the animals immune system and have the function of acting as a natural barrier against the entry of pathogens. The objective of the present investigation was the isolation of microorganisms from the conjunctiva of healthy dogs. Twenty five healthy dogs from the clinical surgical routine of the veterinary hospital of Unimar were investigated after instilling a drop of anesthetic eye drops in each eye, an upper and lower conjunctival a sample was collected from both eyes with an sterile swab, preserving the sample in Stuarts and immediately afterwards grown in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion), 6% sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar and TSA agar. After bacterial growth, cultured microorganisms were identified by means of biochemical screening tests of oxidase and catalase, in addition to analysis of the bacterial morphology in the slide, pattern and growth stain on agar. It was isolated bacteria from eye samples of twenty animals, of them, 38% of isolates were compatible with S. intermedius; 30% of Bacilo sp. and 10% S. aureus. The species Staphylococcus sp. is native to mucous membranes and is not pathogenic to the animal. So it was found the predominance of S. intermedius in samples from the eye microbiota of the healthy dogs investigated.(AU)

Eversão da cartilagem da terceira pálpebra em um gato / Eversion of the third eyelid cartilage in a cat

Background: Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid is a rare congenital disease in cats. It is caused by the anterioreversion of the cartilage edge of the third eyelid. Clinical signs may be associated with secondary keratoconjunctivitis,third eyelid gland protrusion, and ocular surface irritation. The diagnosis is made by ophthalmic examination, and treatment consists of surgical resection of the everted cartilage portion. The goal of the present study was to report a case ofeversion of third eyelid cartilage in a cat, given that it is an unusual abnormality in this animal species, and an importantdifferential diagnosis to be considered in the disorders of the third eyelid.Case: A 6-year-old neutered female Persian cat was presented with a presumptive diagnosis of protrusion of the thirdeyelid gland, history of ocular irritation, and epiphora in the left eye. The disorder had been intermittently present sincethe animal was 1-year-old, with spontaneous disappearance after approximately 15 days. The owner related the reappearance of the disorder to stressful situations, with no previous history of trauma or other ocular alteration. During theophthalmic examination, suspended solute was observed through biomiscroscopic examination in both eyes, as well asan increase in volume of the third eyelid in the left eye, without other changes. A thorough examination, under generalanesthesia, indicated the protruding volume of the cartilage of the everted third eyelid. The third eyelid was pleated inits upper portion, demonstrating that the cartilage of the third eyelid was folded instead of following the curvature of theocular surface. Under general anesthesia, the cartilage was partially removed through two parallel incisions on the bulbarconjunctival surface, divulsioning 5 mm in length in the vertical portion of the cartilage in a ‘T’ shape, and separating the...

Eversão da cartilagem da terceira pálpebra em um gato / Eversion of the third eyelid cartilage in a cat

Background: Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid is a rare congenital disease in cats. It is caused by the anterioreversion of the cartilage edge of the third eyelid. Clinical signs may be associated with secondary keratoconjunctivitis,third eyelid gland protrusion, and ocular surface irritation. The diagnosis is made by ophthalmic examination, and treatment consists of surgical resection of the everted cartilage portion. The goal of the present study was to report a case ofeversion of third eyelid cartilage in a cat, given that it is an unusual abnormality in this animal species, and an importantdifferential diagnosis to be considered in the disorders of the third eyelid.Case: A 6-year-old neutered female Persian cat was presented with a presumptive diagnosis of protrusion of the thirdeyelid gland, history of ocular irritation, and epiphora in the left eye. The disorder had been intermittently present sincethe animal was 1-year-old, with spontaneous disappearance after approximately 15 days. The owner related the reappearance of the disorder to stressful situations, with no previous history of trauma or other ocular alteration. During theophthalmic examination, suspended solute was observed through biomiscroscopic examination in both eyes, as well asan increase in volume of the third eyelid in the left eye, without other changes. A thorough examination, under generalanesthesia, indicated the protruding volume of the cartilage of the everted third eyelid. The third eyelid was pleated inits upper portion, demonstrating that the cartilage of the third eyelid was folded instead of following the curvature of theocular surface. Under general anesthesia, the cartilage was partially removed through two parallel incisions on the bulbarconjunctival surface, divulsioning 5 mm in length in the vertical portion of the cartilage in a ‘T shape, and separating the...(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas multicêntrico com envolvimento de anexos oculares em um cão / Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma with the involvement of the ocular annexes in a dog

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...

Carcinoma de células escamosas multicêntrico com envolvimento de anexos oculares em um cão / Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma with the involvement of the ocular annexes in a dog

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...(AU)

Relação entre os fatores associados às parasitoses gastrointestinais, desempenho e estado fisiológico de ovelhas Santa Inês / Relationship between factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitosis, performance and physiological state of sheep Santa Ines

O objetivo foi de verificar a correlação entre os escores de Famacha©, contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), volume globular (VG) e variáveis de desempenho, de ovelhas em diferentes estados fisiológicos (vazias, gestantes e lactantes), criadas no município de Quissamã, estado de Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi realizado durante um ano, utilizando 60 fêmeas adultas da raça Santa Inês, criadas em sistema semiextensivo. A cada 14 dias foram coletadas, de cada animal, amostras de fezes e de sangue. Os animais também foram pesados (PV) e avaliados quanto ao escore de condição corporal (EC). Houve diferença significativa entre as características avaliadas devido ao estado fisiológico (p<0,05). Durante a fase de lactação, as ovelhas apresentam maiores valores de OPG e Famacha© e menores médias para PV, EC e VG. As correlações de maior magnitude foram entre OPG e VG (-0,40) nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre PV, EC e OPG foram baixas (0,12 e -0,17), próximas de zero no final da gestação e na lactação. Em geral, a magnitude das correlações entre as características foi similar nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre EC mostraram-se mais associadas às demais características, do que o peso do animal. Por apresentar uma correlação negativa média com o volume globular, o método Famacha© pode ser indicado como uma forma prática e sustentável de avaliar o grau de anemia dos ovinos após infecções por Haemonchus contortus, ovinos.(AU)

With the purpose of verifying the relationship between score Famacha©, fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and performance variables of sheep in differences physiological status (empty, pregnant and lactation), breeding in Quissamã, Rio de Janeiro. The study was conducted during one year using 60 adult females of Santa Ines sheep, created in semi extensive system. In each 14 days were collected stool samples for parasitological examinations and blood samples for hematological examinations. The animals were also weighed and evaluated for body condition score. There were significant difference between the evaluated characteristics due to the physiological state (p<0,05). The correlations of greater magnitude presented were between FEC and VG (-0,40) in the three physiological states. The correlations between weight, body score, fecal eggs counts and packed cell volume were low (0,12 e -0,17), near to zero in late pregnancy and lactation. In general, the magnitude of the correlations between the characteristics were similar in the three physiological states. The body condition score were more associated with other characteristics than with the weight of the animal. By presenting a negative correlation with the average packed cell volume, the method Famacha© can be indicated as a practical and sustainable to assess the degree of anemia in sheep after infections with Haemonchus spp.(AU)

Relação entre os fatores associados às parasitoses gastrointestinais, desempenho e estado fisiológico de ovelhas Santa Inês / Relationship between factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitosis, performance and physiological state of sheep Santa Ines

O objetivo foi de verificar a correlação entre os escores de Famacha©, contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), volume globular (VG) e variáveis de desempenho, de ovelhas em diferentes estados fisiológicos (vazias, gestantes e lactantes), criadas no município de Quissamã, estado de Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi realizado durante um ano, utilizando 60 fêmeas adultas da raça Santa Inês, criadas em sistema semiextensivo. A cada 14 dias foram coletadas, de cada animal, amostras de fezes e de sangue. Os animais também foram pesados (PV) e avaliados quanto ao escore de condição corporal (EC). Houve diferença significativa entre as características avaliadas devido ao estado fisiológico (p<0,05). Durante a fase de lactação, as ovelhas apresentam maiores valores de OPG e Famacha© e menores médias para PV, EC e VG. As correlações de maior magnitude foram entre OPG e VG (-0,40) nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre PV, EC e OPG foram baixas (0,12 e -0,17), próximas de zero no final da gestação e na lactação. Em geral, a magnitude das correlações entre as características foi similar nos três estados fisiológicos. As correlações entre EC mostraram-se mais associadas às demais características, do que o peso do animal. Por apresentar uma correlação negativa média com o volume globular, o método Famacha© pode ser indicado como uma forma prática e sustentável de avaliar o grau de anemia dos ovinos após infecções por Haemonchus contortus, ovinos.

With the purpose of verifying the relationship between score Famacha©, fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV) and performance variables of sheep in differences physiological status (empty, pregnant and lactation), breeding in Quissamã, Rio de Janeiro. The study was conducted during one year using 60 adult females of Santa Ines sheep, created in semi extensive system. In each 14 days were collected stool samples for parasitological examinations and blood samples for hematological examinations. The animals were also weighed and evaluated for body condition score. There were significant difference between the evaluated characteristics due to the physiological state (p<0,05). The correlations of greater magnitude presented were between FEC and VG (-0,40) in the three physiological states. The correlations between weight, body score, fecal eggs counts and packed cell volume were low (0,12 e -0,17), near to zero in late pregnancy and lactation. In general, the magnitude of the correlations between the characteristics were similar in the three physiological states. The body condition score were more associated with other characteristics than with the weight of the animal. By presenting a negative correlation with the average packed cell volume, the method Famacha© can be indicated as a practical and sustainable to assess the degree of anemia in sheep after infections with Haemonchus spp.

Análises clínica e cito-histomorfológica da superfície ocular de cães da raça Shih Tzu com ceratoconjuntivite seca

A ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) é uma enfermidade de grande impacto na medicina veterinária de pequenos animais. Ocasiona alterações na dinâmica do filme lacrimal, podendo ser classificada em quantitativa, nos casos em que a porção aquosa está diminuída, ou qualitativa, quando há alterações da camada de lipídio e/ou mucina. A CCS quantitativa é uma enfermidade muito comum em cães, principalmente a de origem imunomediada, sendo os cães da raça Shih Tzu alguns dos mais acometidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar estudo clínico e cito-histomorfológico de olhos de cães da raça Shih Tzu portadores de CCS em diferentes estádios da enfermidade. Foram realizadas análises clínica e cito-histomorfológica de 35 olhos provenientes de 23 cães da raça Shih Tzu, machos e fêmeas, entre dois e oito anos, sendo cada olho considerado uma unidade experimental e distribuído em um dos quatro grupos do estudo de acordo com o teste lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS-1). Assim, dez olhos com TLS-1 a 15 mm/min e não portadores de CCS compuseram o grupo controle (GC). Para compor os grupos de olhos portadores de CCS, 25 olhos foram assim distribuídos: grupo CCS inicial (CCS1), oito olhos com TLS-1 entre 14-11 mm/min; grupo CCS moderada (CCS2), sete olhos com TLS-1 entre 10-6 mm/min; e no grupo CCS severa (CCS3), dez olhos com TLS-1 5mm/min. Foi observada piora das variáveis clínicas estudadas nos olhos dos casos mais graves de CCS, incluindo hiperemia, neovascularização e pigmentação corneana. Ainda, à avaliação citomorfológica houve redução da quantidade de células intermediárias nos grupos de olhos com CCS. O exame histomorfológico demonstrou aumento do infiltrado inflamatório conjuntival linfoplasmocitário e redução da quantidade de células caliciformes conjuntivais (CCc) nos casos moderados a severos da enfermidade. Conclui-se que cães da raça Shih Tzu não sem CCS quantitativa apresentam disfunções lacrimais qualitativas da lágrima. Além disso, a severidade das alterações clínicas aumenta de acordo com o avanço da enfermidade. O exame citopatológico é limitado para a avaliação do infiltrado inflamatório e das células conjuntivais caliciformes quando comparado ao histopatológico, assim como as células epiteliais intermediárias podem ser consideradas um promissor marcador citológico da saúde ocular em cães da raça Shih Tzu. Cães da raça Shih Tzu portadores de CCS quantitativa apresentam processo inflamatório acentuado e deficiência da camada de mucina, gerando instabilidade do filme lacrimal. Acrescente-se que cães da raça Shih Tzu devem ser submetidos a avaliações oftálmicas de rotina para identificar disturbios qualitativos, quantitativos e de distribuição do filme lacrimal precocemente, e assim adequadamente tratados, visando minimizar os efeitos deletérios na córnea e conjuntiva.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a disease of great impact in the veterinary medicine of small animals. It causes changes in the dynamics of the tear film, and can be classified as quantitative, in cases where the aqueous portion is decreased, or qualitative, when there are changes in the lipid and/or mucin layer. Among the etiologies, immunomediated is the most common in dogs, with Shih Tzu dogs being one of the most affected. The aim of this study was to perform clinical and cytohistomorphological evaluation of eyes of Shih Tzu dogs with KCS at different stages of the disease. Clinical and cytohistomorphological analyses of 35 eyes from 23 Shih Tzu dogs, males, and females, between two and eight years old, each eye being considered an experimental unit, and distributed in one of the four study groups according to the Schirmer Tear Test (STT-1). Thus, ten eyes with STT-1 at 15 mm/min and non-KCS comprised the control group (GC). To make up the groups of eyes with KCS, 25 eyes were distributed as well: initial KCS group (KCS1), eight eyes with STT-1 between 14-11 mm/min; moderate KCS group (KCS2), seven eyes with STT-1 between 10-6 mm/min; and in the severe KCS group (CCS3), ten eyes with STT-1 5mm/min. Worsening of the clinical variables studied was observed in the eyes of the most severe cases of KCS, including hyperemia, neovascularization, and corneal pigmentation. Furthermore, the cytomorphological evaluation reduced the number of intermediate cells in the groups of eyes with KCS. Histomorphological examination showed an increase in the lymphoplasmocitic conjunctival inflammatory infiltrate and a reduction in the amount of conjunctival goblet cells (CGc) in moderate to severe cases of the disease. It was concluded that Shih Tzu dogs without quantitative KCS have qualitative tear disfunction. The severity of clinical changes increases with the progression of the disease. The cytopathological examination is limited to assess inflammatory infiltrate and globet cell counting when compared to histopathological examination, as well as intermediate epithelial cells can be considered a promising cytological marker of the ocular health in Shih Tzu dogs. Shih Tzu dogs with quantitative KCS presents a marked inflammatory process and deficiency of the mucin layer, causing instability of the pre-corneal lacrimal film. Also, Shih Tzu dogs should be submitted to routine ophthalmic evaluations to identify early quantitative and distribution disorders of the tear film, and thus adequatily treated, in order to minimize the deleterious the cornea and conjunctiva.

Imunomarcação de Leishmania sp. e aspectos histológicos na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi / Hystopathology and Leishmania sp. Immunostaining in third eyelid of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the varioustissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for theleishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out theparasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasinaturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologicevaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the thirdeyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitizedhistiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasiawere often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland(TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.(AU)

Imunomarcação de Leishmania sp. e aspectos histológicos na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi / Hystopathology and Leishmania sp. Immunostaining in third eyelid of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the varioustissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for theleishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out theparasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasinaturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologicevaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the thirdeyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitizedhistiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasiawere often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland(TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

IMUNOMARCAÇÃO DE Leishmania sp. E ASPECTOS HISTOLÓGICOS NA TERCEIRA PÁLPEBRA DE CÃES NATURALMENTE INFECTADOS POR Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the various tissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for the leishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out the parasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologic evaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the third eyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitized histiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasia were often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland (TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre os vários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular tem sido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vinte e seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HE e à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observada na conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária, com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perda de estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achados costumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado, acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímica revelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

Detecção de formas amastigotas em exame parasitológico de esfregaço obtido a partir de suabe conjuntival de cães com leishmaniose visceral / Detection of amastigote forms in a parasitological exam of smears made from conjuntival swab in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Leishmaniose é uma enfermidade multissistêmica cujas manifestações clínicas são extremamente variáveis. Em cães sinais clínicos oftálmicos são relativamente frequentes, ainda que outros sinais sistêmicos não sejam identificados. Atualmente, o diagnóstico da doença baseia-se em métodos parasitológicos, sorológicos e moleculares, mas, até o momento, a identificação de formas amastigotas desse parasito em esfregaços feitos a partir de suabes conjuntivais não é empregada rotineiramente. Valendo-se de cães sorologicamente positivos para leishmaniose, portadores (G1) ou não (G2) de alterações oftálmicas, este estudo avaliou a viabilidade do esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival como método de diagnóstico para a enfermidade. O exame suprarreferido foi positivo em 60% dos animais do G1 e 38,1% do G2, no entanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à positividade nos dois grupos (P=0,2167). Os dados apontam para uma tendência de os cães com leishmaniose e com sinais oftálmicos serem positivos ao exame parasitológico de esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival, podendo esse método ser útil no diagnóstico parasitológico da leishmaniose canina.(AU)

Leishmaniasisis is a multisystemic disease with varying clinical presentations. In dogs, alterations in the eyes are commonly observed even in animals with no systemic signs. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis is currently based on parasitological, serological and molecular methods, although the identification of amastigote forms of this parasite in conjunctival swabs is not a routine technique in clinical practice. Serologically positive dogs for leishmaniasis presenting (G1) or not (G2) ocular alterations were enrolled in this study to evaluate the conjunctival swab as a method for the diagnosis of this disease. The parasitological evaluation of the swabs disclosed 60% positivity for dogs in group 1, whereas only 38.1% of dogs in group 2 were positive. However, no significant difference was documented between the two groups (P=0.2167). Our data suggest a tendency for dogs with ocular signs to be tested positive in the conjunctival swab exam, thus, this method is useful in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis.(AU)

Avaliação da técnica de esfoliação com escova citológica para coleta de células conjuntivais em gatos sadios: comparação entre a face palpebral da membrana nictitante e a conjuntiva palpebral / Evaluation of the exfoliative cytology technique using cytobrush in healthy cats: Comparison between palpebral surface of nictitating membrane and palpebral conjunctiva

A citologia conjuntival é um importante meio de diagnóstico de afecções da superfície ocular. Buscam-se técnicas que forneçam quantidade e qualidade celular, com uso de instrumentos que provoquem mínimo trauma e que diminuam as chances de danos iatrogênicos ao olho. Existem diversas técnicas de coleta de células, entre elas encontram-se: impressão, esfoliação e punção por agulha fina. Dentre os métodos utilizados para esfoliação, o uso da escova citológica fornece resultados superiores em vários parâmetros, incluindo a qualidade das células. Estudou-se a citologia conjuntival por esfoliação com escova citológica, utilizada para coleta de material da cérvix uterina, tendo como objetivos determinar se tal instrumento se adequaria à coleta de material da face palpebral da membrana nictitante e da conjuntiva palpebral de felinos sadios. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: facilidade de execução da técnica, possibilidade de ocorrência de danos iatrogênicos e quantidade e qualidade de células coletadas. Cinquenta gatos machos (58%) e fêmeas (42%), com ou sem raça definida, participaram do estudo. Apenas gatos isentos de alterações oculares no exame físico foram incluídos. A escova citológica se mostrou um instrumento de fácil utilização, que fornece células em quantidade satisfatória e com morfologia preservada. Comparada a conjuntiva palpebral, a face palpebral da membrana nictitante se mostrou um local mais adequado à realização da coleta de amostras citológicas, pela maior facilidade de execução da técnica e menor possibilidade de danos iatrogênicos. No que diz respeito à quantidade e qualidade celular, não houve diferença significativa entre os dois locais de coleta. Foi possível observar células provenientes das diferentes camadas do epitélio conjuntival com predomínio de células intermediárias e ausência de células caliciformes.(AU)

Conjunctival cytology is an important diagnostic method for ocular superficial diseases. There are several techniques to collect cells, including impression, exfoliation and fine needle aspiration. These techniques have shown individual variations depending on method and instrument used on the collection process. Techniques with instruments that cause low damage and decrease iatrogenic damage risks to the eyes, providing cellular quantity and quality, are wanted. Exfoliative cytology techniques are frequently used in human and veterinary medicine. Among the methods used for exfoliation, cytobrush provides better results on many parameters, including cell quality. The use of conjunctival exfoliation cytology using cytobrush (brush usually used for cervix cytology) was investigated. The aim was to determine if this technique would provide an adequate number and quality of conjunctival third eyelid cells of cats; to compare these samples with those collected by the same way from conjunctival area and to determine a cytologic pattern of this region. This comparison would provide information about technique security, possible damage risks and collected cells characteristics. Cats were evaluated through physical and routine ophthalmic exam. Fifty domestic cats, males (58%) and females (42%), of any breed were accepted. In the study were included only animals free of ocular and systemic changes. Cytobrush showed an easy and usefulness instrument, that provides satisfactory amount of cells with preserved morphology. Compared to palpebral conjunctiva, palpebral surface of nictitating membrane showed a most adequate site to cytological sample collect, greater facility of technical perform and smaller possibility of iatrogenic damage. In respect to quality and quantity of cells there was no significant difference between collect sites. It was possible to observe epithelial cells of conjunctiva from different stratum with predominance of intermediate cells and absence of goblet cells.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva of a dog: case report / Tumor venéreo transmissível na conjuntiva palpebral de um cão: relato de caso

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm that occurs in sexually mature dogs, usually transmitted by coitus. This tumor normally affects the genital mucosa and is rarely found in any other part of the body. A case of transmissible venereal tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva of a 3-year old, crossbreed, male dog with a history of an abnormal mass in the right eye was presented. Ophthalmic examination revealed a mass originated from the lower eyelid conjunctiva of the right eye. No other ocular abnormalities were detected. Cytological examination was carried out and the diagnosis was TVT. The dog was treated with lyophilized vincristine sulphate intravenously, once a week, for four weeks. Despite the atypical clinical presentation, the response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent leading to complete regression of the neoplasm and no relapse after a year.

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia contagiosa que ocorre em cães sexualmente maduros, sendo geralmente transmitido pelo coito. A neoplasia normalmente afeta a mucosa genital e é raramente encontrada em outras partes do corpo. Apresentamos um caso de tumor venéreo transmissível na conjuntiva palpebral de um cão macho, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade e histórico de presença de uma massa na conjuntiva palpebral inferior do olho direito. Não foram detectadas outras alterações oculares. O diagnóstico citológico da massa foi TVT. O cão foi tratado com sulfato de vincristina por via intravenosa, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. Embora a apresentação do caso seja atípica, a resposta à quimioterapia foi excelente, levando a regressão completa da neoplasia, sem recorrência após um ano.

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ORAL COM ÓLEOS DE LINHO E PEIXE PARA O TRATAMENTO DA CERATOCONJUNTIVITE SECA EM CÃES

A ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS) é uma afecção de caráter inflamatório, comum em cães. O uso do ômega 3 e 6 no tratamento de humanos e coelhos com CCS tem sido pesquisado devido ao potencial efeito imunomodulador desses ácidos graxos, porém não há relatos do seu uso em cães com essa afecção. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos óleos de linho e peixe, produtos ricos em ômega 3 e 6, administrados por via oral, na produção lacrimal e inflamação ocular de cães com CCS. Foram utilizados 45 cães, sendo 15 sem CCS, constituindo o grupo controle (GC), e 30 com CCS. Estes foram divididos de forma randomizada e cega em dois grupos: grupo tratado com óleo de linho (GL) e grupo tratado com óleo de peixe (GP); cada animal recebeu, por via oral, uma cápsula a cada 24 horas durante 60 dias, de acordo com o seu grupo. Exame clínico, teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1, teste de ruptura do filme lacrimal e teste de fluoresceína foram realizados antes do início do tratamento (M0) e aos 15 (M15), 30 (M30), 45 (M45) e 60 (M60) dias de tratamento. A citologia de impressão de superfície ocular foi realizada no M0, M30 e M60, enquanto a biópsia conjuntival para histopatologia foi obtida antes do tratamento e no momento final de avaliação. Houve diminuição significativa da hiperemia conjuntival nos cães de ambos os grupos tratados aos 60 dias. Na análise histopatológica, detectou-se diminuição da espessura epitelial no GL e GP, diminuição da queratinização no GL e diminuição do infiltrado de células inflamatórias no GP ao final do tratamento. Não houve diferença significativa nas demais avaliações. Conclui-se que os óleos de linho e peixe não aumentam a produção lacrimal até 60 dias do tratamento, porém melhoram a qualidade da superfície ocular. O óleo de peixe reduz o quadro inflamatório. Desta forma, o tratamento com óleo de linho ou peixe pode ser indicado como terapia adjuvante para cães com CCS.

The keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is inflammatory and a common disease in dogs. The use of omega 6 and 3 for treatment in humans and rabbits has been researched because of the potential immunomodulatory effect of these fatty acids, but there are no reports of its use in dogs with this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linseed oil and fish oil, products rich in omega 3 and 6, administered orally on tear production and ocular inflammation in dogs with KCS. For this study we used 45 dogs: 15 without KCS, constituting the control group (CG) and 30 with KCS. A randomized, double-blind clinical study was performed in assigned to treatment orally with oil fish (FO) or linseed oil (LO), both once daily for 60 days. More 15 dogs with no KCS were evaluated for a control group (CG). Clinical examination of the eye, Schirmer tear tests I, tear film breakup time, fluorescein test were performed prior to treatment (M0) and at days 15 (M15), 30(M30), 45(M45) and 60(M60) after initiation of treatment. The impression cytology on ocular surface was performed at M0, M30 and M60. The conjunctival histopathological analysis was only performed prior to treatment and at day 60 after treatment. That was a significant decrease in conjunctival hyperemia in dogs of both treatments at day 60. The histopathological analysis revealed a decrease in the epithelial thickness both in FO and LO, a decrease on the degree of keratinization in LO and a decrease inflammatory cell infiltration in FO. There were no significant differences in the others evaluations in both groups. The analyzed results demonstrate that although both treatments administered orally do not increase tear production within 60 days of treatment, it improve the ocular surface. Thus, fish oil reduces eye inflammation. Therefore, treatment with linseed oil or fish may be indicated as adjunctive therapy for dogs with KCS.