Atividade inseticida do Spinosad sobre Alphitobius diaperinus em fezes de poedeiras comerciais naturalmente infestadas / Insecticidal activity of Spinosad against Alphitobius diaperinus in naturally infested excrements of commercial hens

Objetivou-se neste ensaio experimental avaliar a eficácia do Spinosad contra Alphitobius diaperinus desenvolvendo-se em fezes de galinhas poedeiras de ovos comerciais. Foi avaliada a presença de adultos e larvas de A. diaperinus, presentes no esterco localizado sob as gaiolas, nos dias 2 e 1, 1, 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 61 pós-tratamento. O Spinosad, na concentração de 250ppm, quando aplicado na dose de 0,126L/m2 mostrou-se ineficaz contra cascudinhos. As doses de 0,252L/m2 e de 0,504L/m2 (400ppm) mostraram-se igualmente eficazes contra adultos de cascudinhos até o 6ºDPT, atingindo percentuais de eficácia de 91,30% e 90,15%. Contra larvas de A. diaperinus, as diluições de 0,126L/m2 e de 0,252 L/m2 (Spinosad 400ppm) foram eficazes, respectivamente, até o 19ºDPT (96,71%) e 33ºDPT (85,70%). Período mais prolongado de eficácia contra A. diaperinus foi observado com Spinosad a 400ppm, na dose de 0,504L/m2: 19DPT (89,55%) para adultos e 54DPT (92,72%) para larvas, demonstrando o período ativo deste tratamento, confirmando a hipótese de que o Spinosad apresenta potencial inseticida para controle de infestações de A. diaperinus infestando em fezes de poedeiras comerciais, representando uma alternativa para programas sanitários avícolas que utilizem a rotação de princípios ativos como forma de mitigar a seleção de resistência nas populações do coleóptero.

The objective of this experimental trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Spinosad against Alphitobius diaperinus developing in feces from laying hens of commercial eggs. The presence of adults and larvae of A. diaperinus, present in the manure located under the cages, on days –2 and –1, 1, 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 and 61 was evaluated after treatment. Spinosad, at a concentration of 250ppm, when applied at a dose of 0.126L / m2 was shown to be ineffective against “lesser mealworm”. The doses of 0.252L / m2 and 0.504L / m2 (400ppm) proved to be equally effective against adults of strawberries up to the 6th PDT, reaching efficacy percentages of 91.30% and 90.15%. Against A. diaperinus larvae, the dilutions of 0.126 L / m2 and 0.252 L / m2 (Spinosad - 400ppm) were effective, respectively, up to 19ºDPT (96.71%) and 33ºDPT (85.70%). The longest period of effectiveness against A. diaperinus was observed with Spinosad at 400ppm, at a dose of 0.504L / m2: 19DPT (89.55%) for adults and 54DPT (92.72%) for larvae, demonstrating the active period of this treatment, confirming the hypothesis that Spinosad has potential insecticide to control infestations of A. diaperinus infesting in commercial laying faeces, representing an alternative for poultry health programs that use the rotation of active ingredients as a way to mitigate the selection of resistance in populations of the coleoptera.

Atividade inseticida do Spinosad sobre Alphitobius diaperinus em fezes de poedeiras comerciais naturalmente infestadas / Insecticidal activity of Spinosad against Alphitobius diaperinus in naturally infested excrements of commercial hens

Objetivou-se neste ensaio experimental avaliar a eficácia do Spinosad contra Alphitobius diaperinus desenvolvendo-se em fezes de galinhas poedeiras de ovos comerciais. Foi avaliada a presença de adultos e larvas de A. diaperinus, presentes no esterco localizado sob as gaiolas, nos dias 2 e 1, 1, 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 61 pós-tratamento. O Spinosad, na concentração de 250ppm, quando aplicado na dose de 0,126L/m2 mostrou-se ineficaz contra cascudinhos. As doses de 0,252L/m2 e de 0,504L/m2 (400ppm) mostraram-se igualmente eficazes contra adultos de cascudinhos até o 6ºDPT, atingindo percentuais de eficácia de 91,30% e 90,15%. Contra larvas de A. diaperinus, as diluições de 0,126L/m2 e de 0,252 L/m2 (Spinosad 400ppm) foram eficazes, respectivamente, até o 19ºDPT (96,71%) e 33ºDPT (85,70%). Período mais prolongado de eficácia contra A. diaperinus foi observado com Spinosad a 400ppm, na dose de 0,504L/m2: 19DPT (89,55%) para adultos e 54DPT (92,72%) para larvas, demonstrando o período ativo deste tratamento, confirmando a hipótese de que o Spinosad apresenta potencial inseticida para controle de infestações de A. diaperinus infestando em fezes de poedeiras comerciais, representando uma alternativa para programas sanitários avícolas que utilizem a rotação de princípios ativos como forma de mitigar a seleção de resistência nas populações do coleóptero.(AU)

The objective of this experimental trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Spinosad against Alphitobius diaperinus developing in feces from laying hens of commercial eggs. The presence of adults and larvae of A. diaperinus, present in the manure located under the cages, on days –2 and –1, 1, 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 and 61 was evaluated after treatment. Spinosad, at a concentration of 250ppm, when applied at a dose of 0.126L / m2 was shown to be ineffective against “lesser mealworm”. The doses of 0.252L / m2 and 0.504L / m2 (400ppm) proved to be equally effective against adults of strawberries up to the 6th PDT, reaching efficacy percentages of 91.30% and 90.15%. Against A. diaperinus larvae, the dilutions of 0.126 L / m2 and 0.252 L / m2 (Spinosad - 400ppm) were effective, respectively, up to 19ºDPT (96.71%) and 33ºDPT (85.70%). The longest period of effectiveness against A. diaperinus was observed with Spinosad at 400ppm, at a dose of 0.504L / m2: 19DPT (89.55%) for adults and 54DPT (92.72%) for larvae, demonstrating the active period of this treatment, confirming the hypothesis that Spinosad has potential insecticide to control infestations of A. diaperinus infesting in commercial laying faeces, representing an alternative for poultry health programs that use the rotation of active ingredients as a way to mitigate the selection of resistance in populations of the coleoptera.(AU)

A new species of Lelegeis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperini) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Lelegeis Champion, 1886 occurs only in the Neotropical region and comprises four species: L. aeneipennis Champion, 1886 from Mexico; L. apicalis Laporte & Brullé, 1831 from Cuba; L. hispaniolae Triplehorn, 1962 from Haiti and the Dominican Republic; and L. nigrifrons (Chevrolat, 1878) occurring in Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Here, Lelegeis pytanga sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, and the first detailed description of the sclerites of the male and female terminalia of Lelegeis is produced. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other Lelegeis by its dull reddish brown to reddish orange elytral coloration, while the remaining body surface is dull black. The morphology of Lelegeis and its generic boundaries within Diaperinae are discussed.

A new species of Lelegeis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperini) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Lelegeis Champion, 1886 occurs only in the Neotropical region and comprises four species: L. aeneipennis Champion, 1886 from Mexico; L. apicalis Laporte & Brullé, 1831 from Cuba; L. hispaniolae Triplehorn, 1962 from Haiti and the Dominican Republic; and L. nigrifrons (Chevrolat, 1878) occurring in Brazil, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Here, Lelegeis pytanga sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, and the first detailed description of the sclerites of the male and female terminalia of Lelegeis is produced. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other Lelegeis by its dull reddish brown to reddish orange elytral coloration, while the remaining body surface is dull black. The morphology of Lelegeis and its generic boundaries within Diaperinae are discussed.(AU)

Efficacy of Phosphine Gas Against the Darkling Beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus)

Background: The darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus is the most commonly beetle found in poultry sheds and causes economic and sanitary impact in the poultry industry. The life cycle of the mealworm can vary from one to three months depending on environmental conditions, and adults can survive for up to one year. The insect lives in the poultry litter where it eats feed and organic waste. The temperature in the poultry house and the accumulation of feed and organic matter promote ideal conditions for beetle infestation. The consumption of beetles affects feed conversion in poultry, especially in the first days of life and it is often cited as a vector of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens. The control of its populations is generally achieved by insecticide application on the walls and floor, but resistant populations of beetles are often reported. Phosphine gas is used as a fumigant to control insects in stored grain. In this study the efficacy of phosphine gas against this beetle was evaluated. Materials, Methods & Results: Two experiments were conducted: one in vitro trial, and a trial simulating field conditions. The in vitro trial aimed to evaluate the exposure time required (ETR) to obtain 100% insect mortality, in the presence and absence of wood shavings. Adults and larvae were tested separately. In treatment T1, 100 adult beetles were placed in a petri dish without poultry litter; treatment T2, had 100 adult beetles per plate and filled with sterilized poultry litter. Treatments T3 andT4 had 100 A. diaperinus larvae per plate, in absence and presence of poultry litter, respectively. Three repetitions were performed for each treatment. Insect mortality in plates was monitored at 5 min intervals. The absence of beetle movements after shaking the plate was considered an indicator of insect mortality. The field evaluation was carried out in a poultry house with litter infested with A. diaperinus. [...]

Efficacy of Phosphine Gas Against the Darkling Beetle (Alphitobius diaperinus)

Background: The darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus is the most commonly beetle found in poultry sheds and causes economic and sanitary impact in the poultry industry. The life cycle of the mealworm can vary from one to three months depending on environmental conditions, and adults can survive for up to one year. The insect lives in the poultry litter where it eats feed and organic waste. The temperature in the poultry house and the accumulation of feed and organic matter promote ideal conditions for beetle infestation. The consumption of beetles affects feed conversion in poultry, especially in the first days of life and it is often cited as a vector of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens. The control of its populations is generally achieved by insecticide application on the walls and floor, but resistant populations of beetles are often reported. Phosphine gas is used as a fumigant to control insects in stored grain. In this study the efficacy of phosphine gas against this beetle was evaluated. Materials, Methods & Results: Two experiments were conducted: one in vitro trial, and a trial simulating field conditions. The in vitro trial aimed to evaluate the exposure time required (ETR) to obtain 100% insect mortality, in the presence and absence of wood shavings. Adults and larvae were tested separately. In treatment T1, 100 adult beetles were placed in a petri dish without poultry litter; treatment T2, had 100 adult beetles per plate and filled with sterilized poultry litter. Treatments T3 andT4 had 100 A. diaperinus larvae per plate, in absence and presence of poultry litter, respectively. Three repetitions were performed for each treatment. Insect mortality in plates was monitored at 5 min intervals. The absence of beetle movements after shaking the plate was considered an indicator of insect mortality. The field evaluation was carried out in a poultry house with litter infested with A. diaperinus. [...](AU)