Bird visits and resource use in Butia odorata (Arecaceae) palm groves in southern Brazil / Visitas de pássaros e uso de recursos em palmares de Butia odorata (Arecaceae) no sul do Brasil

We evaluated avian use of a palm grove of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick in the Brazilian Pampa. We recorded bird species richness, frequency of visits, and feeding behavior in palms trees with different flower and fruit availability. From January 2018 to February 2019, we observed 1,094 bird visits in 347 palm trees and identified 53 species. The most frequent visitors were Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783) and Zonotrichia capensis (Statius Muller, 1776). Perching was the most frequent use of palm trees by the birds (79%). Our hypothesis that an increase in the availability of flowers and fruits will be followed by a larger number of visits by insectivorous and frugivorous birds was not corroborated. In addition, there was a higher number of species visiting palm trees with no resources. The species composition and the number of guilds of visiting birds varied seasonally, but independently from resources availability. Bird richness, number of visits, and time length of visits did not vary between flowering/fruiting and resourceless palm trees. Based on this we argue that the main contribution of Butia odorata to the establishment of bird assemblages in palm groves is their role in offering perching, sheltering, and nesting sites.(AU)

Avaliamos as visitas das aves nas palmeiras Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick. em um palmar localizado no Pampa brasileiro. Registramos as espécies de aves, a frequência de visitas, e seu comportamento alimentar em palmeiras com diferentes disponibilidades de flores e frutos. Entre janeiro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019 observamos 1.094 visitas em 347 palmeiras e registramos 53 espécies de aves. As visitas mais frequentes foram feitas por Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783) e Zonotrichia capensis (Statius Muller, 1776). O principal uso das palmeiras foi o uso como poleiro (79%). Nossa hipótese de que o aumento de oferta de flores e frutos seria acompanhado por um maior número de visitas de aves insetívoras e frugívoras não foi corroborada. Além disso, houve um maior número de espécies visitando as palmeiras sem recursos do que as com recursos. A riqueza de espécies, o número de visitas, bem como a duração das visitas não variaram entre as palmeiras com e sem flores ou frutos. Com isso nós acreditamos que a principal contribuição da Butia odorata no palmar para o estabelecimento da avifauna está relaciona com a oferta de poleiros, abrigos e sítios para nidificação.(AU)

Bird visits and resource use in Butia odorata (Arecaceae) palm groves in southern Brazil / Visitas de pássaros e uso de recursos em palmares de Butia odorata (Arecaceae) no sul do Brasil

We evaluated avian use of a palm grove of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick in the Brazilian Pampa. We recorded bird species richness, frequency of visits, and feeding behavior in palms trees with different flower and fruit availability. From January 2018 to February 2019, we observed 1,094 bird visits in 347 palm trees and identified 53 species. The most frequent visitors were Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783) and Zonotrichia capensis (Statius Muller, 1776). Perching was the most frequent use of palm trees by the birds (79%). Our hypothesis that an increase in the availability of flowers and fruits will be followed by a larger number of visits by insectivorous and frugivorous birds was not corroborated. In addition, there was a higher number of species visiting palm trees with no resources. The species composition and the number of guilds of visiting birds varied seasonally, but independently from resources availability. Bird richness, number of visits, and time length of visits did not vary between flowering/fruiting and resourceless palm trees. Based on this we argue that the main contribution of Butia odorata to the establishment of bird assemblages in palm groves is their role in offering perching, sheltering, and nesting sites.

Avaliamos as visitas das aves nas palmeiras Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick. em um palmar localizado no Pampa brasileiro. Registramos as espécies de aves, a frequência de visitas, e seu comportamento alimentar em palmeiras com diferentes disponibilidades de flores e frutos. Entre janeiro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019 observamos 1.094 visitas em 347 palmeiras e registramos 53 espécies de aves. As visitas mais frequentes foram feitas por Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783) e Zonotrichia capensis (Statius Muller, 1776). O principal uso das palmeiras foi o uso como poleiro (79%). Nossa hipótese de que o aumento de oferta de flores e frutos seria acompanhado por um maior número de visitas de aves insetívoras e frugívoras não foi corroborada. Além disso, houve um maior número de espécies visitando as palmeiras sem recursos do que as com recursos. A riqueza de espécies, o número de visitas, bem como a duração das visitas não variaram entre as palmeiras com e sem flores ou frutos. Com isso nós acreditamos que a principal contribuição da Butia odorata no palmar para o estabelecimento da avifauna está relaciona com a oferta de poleiros, abrigos e sítios para nidificação.

Bird visits and resource use in Butia odorata (Arecaceae) palm groves in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT We evaluated avian use of a palm grove of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick in the Brazilian Pampa. We recorded bird species richness, frequency of visits, and feeding behavior in palms trees with different flower and fruit availability. From January 2018 to February 2019, we observed 1,094 bird visits in 347 palm trees and identified 53 species. The most frequent visitors were Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783) and Zonotrichia capensis (Statius Muller, 1776). Perching was the most frequent use of palm trees by the birds (79%). Our hypothesis that an increase in the availability of flowers and fruits will be followed by a larger number of visits by insectivorous and frugivorous birds was not corroborated. In addition, there was a higher number of species visiting palm trees with no resources. The species composition and the number of guilds of visiting birds varied seasonally, but independently from resources availability. Bird richness, number of visits, and time length of visits did not vary between flowering/fruiting and resourceless palm trees. Based on this we argue that the main contribution of Butia odorata to the establishment of bird assemblages in palm groves is their role in offering perching, sheltering, and nesting sites.

RESUMO Visitas de pássaros e uso de recursos em palmares de Butia odorata (Arecaceae) no sul do Brasil. Avaliamos as visitas das aves nas palmeiras Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick. em um palmar localizado no Pampa brasileiro. Registramos as espécies de aves, a frequênc ia de visitas, e seu comportamento alimentar em palmeiras com diferentes disponibilidades de flores e frutos. Entre janeiro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019 observamos 1.094 visitas em 347 palmeiras e registramos 53 espécies de aves. As visitas mais frequentes foram feitas por Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), Myiopsitta monachus (Boddaert, 1783) e Zonotrichia capensis (Statius Muller, 1776). O principal uso das palmeiras foi o uso como poleiro (79%). Nossa hipótese de que o aumento de oferta de flores e frutos seria acompanhado por um maior número de visitas de aves insetívoras e frugívoras não foi corroborada. Além disso, houve um maior número de espécies visitando as palmeiras sem recursos do que as com recursos. A riqueza de espécies, o número de visitas, bem como a duração das visitas não variaram entre as palmeiras com e sem flores ou frutos. Com isso nós acreditamos que a principal contribuição da Butia odorata no palmar para o estabelecimento da avifauna está relaciona com a oferta de poleiros, abrigos e sítios para nidificação.

30 years of research on insect galls in Brazil: a scientometric review

The first systematic studies on insect galls in Brazil date to the early 20th century, after which research on insect galls remained dormant in the country, with interest not reviving until the 1980s. The aim of this study was is to document historical trends in publications about insect galls in Brazil over the last 30 years. Papers about insect galls and galling species in Brazil published in peer-reviewed journals from 1988 to 2017 were compiled. A total of 1,378 papers were analyzed, of which 182 addressed insect galls in Brazil. The results showed that the number of publications on the subject has been increasing over the last 30 years, and especially in the last decade. The diversity of journals that published on the subject has also been increasing. The studies were concentrated on the following topics: ecology (94 papers), inventory (29) and taxonomy (27). Most of the insect gall inventories in Brazil took place in the Southeast Region (29 papers), followed by the Central-West and Northeast regions, with eight papers each. This study documents a trend toward increasing scientific production on insect galls in Brazil, but with significant geographical bias: the researchers involved are concentrated in the Southeast Brazilian region.(AU)

30 years of research on insect galls in Brazil: a scientometric review

The first systematic studies on insect galls in Brazil date to the early 20th century, after which research on insect galls remained dormant in the country, with interest not reviving until the 1980s. The aim of this study was is to document historical trends in publications about insect galls in Brazil over the last 30 years. Papers about insect galls and galling species in Brazil published in peer-reviewed journals from 1988 to 2017 were compiled. A total of 1,378 papers were analyzed, of which 182 addressed insect galls in Brazil. The results showed that the number of publications on the subject has been increasing over the last 30 years, and especially in the last decade. The diversity of journals that published on the subject has also been increasing. The studies were concentrated on the following topics: ecology (94 papers), inventory (29) and taxonomy (27). Most of the insect gall inventories in Brazil took place in the Southeast Region (29 papers), followed by the Central-West and Northeast regions, with eight papers each. This study documents a trend toward increasing scientific production on insect galls in Brazil, but with significant geographical bias: the researchers involved are concentrated in the Southeast Brazilian region.