Effect of Exogenous Progesterone or Flunixin Meglumine After AI on Serum Progesterone Concentration and Pregnancy per AI in Lactating Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of post AI administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) or a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) synthesis inhibitor agen on serum P4 concentrations and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. Eighty lactating cows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) CON (control), received 5 mL of saline solution on d 6 and 14 post AI; 2) IP (injection of P4), received 125 mg of P4im on d 6 and 14 post AI; 3) CIDR, received a controlled internal drug release insert containing 1.38g of P4 From d 6 to 20 post AI; and 4) FM (Flunixin Meglumine), received 0.625 g of Flunixin Meglumine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, twice daily on d 15 and 19 post AI. Blood samples were taken on d 0, 6, 14, 17 and 20 post AI to determine P4 concentrations. Transrectal palpation was performed between 40 and 45 d post AI to determine pregnancy status. All treatment groups (i.e. IP4, CIDR and FM)resulted in greater serum P4 concentration on d 17 and 20 post AI coopared to CON(P < 0.05). Cows given a CIDR insert had greater concentrations of P4 on d 17 and 20 than IP4 and FM cows (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between IP4 and FM groups for serum P4 concentrations. The P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in CIDR-treated cows (55%, 11/20) than CON (25%, 5/20), and intermediate in IP4 (40%, 8/20) and FM (35%, 7/20) cows. In summary, treatment with exogenous P4 (i.e. CIDR And IP4) or FM Increased serum P4 concentrations in lactating dairy cows. However, results suggest that only CIDR administration would improve P/AI.

Effect of Exogenous Progesterone or Flunixin Meglumine After AI on Serum Progesterone Concentration and Pregnancy per AI in Lactating Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of post AI administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) or a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) synthesis inhibitor agen on serum P4 concentrations and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. Eighty lactating cows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) CON (control), received 5 mL of saline solution on d 6 and 14 post AI; 2) IP (injection of P4), received 125 mg of P4im on d 6 and 14 post AI; 3) CIDR, received a controlled internal drug release insert containing 1.38g of P4 From d 6 to 20 post AI; and 4) FM (Flunixin Meglumine), received 0.625 g of Flunixin Meglumine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, twice daily on d 15 and 19 post AI. Blood samples were taken on d 0, 6, 14, 17 and 20 post AI to determine P4 concentrations. Transrectal palpation was performed between 40 and 45 d post AI to determine pregnancy status. All treatment groups (i.e. IP4, CIDR and FM)resulted in greater serum P4 concentration on d 17 and 20 post AI coopared to CON(P < 0.05). Cows given a CIDR insert had greater concentrations of P4 on d 17 and 20 than IP4 and FM cows (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between IP4 and FM groups for serum P4 concentrations. The P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in CIDR-treated cows (55%, 11/20) than CON (25%, 5/20), and intermediate in IP4 (40%, 8/20) and FM (35%, 7/20) cows. In summary, treatment with exogenous P4 (i.e. CIDR And IP4) or FM Increased serum P4 concentrations in lactating dairy cows. However, results suggest that only CIDR administration would improve P/AI.(AU)

Fertilidade Equina: A Influência da Idade Materna

A redução dos índices de fertilidade relacionados à idade é frequentemente relatada em humanos e equinos. Embora a caracterização da função seja mais evidente aos profissionais durante as avaliações ginecológicas, principalmente após o parto, a sua interpretação em conjunto com a idade da égua e a qualidade embrionária também devem ser consideradas para favorecer a eficiência reprodutiva da espécie equina. Nesse contexto, o primeiro objetivo desta tese foi investigar a influência da idade materna sobre a fertilidade de éguas Puro Sangue Inglês durante o pós-parto. Os resultados obtidos nesse primeiro estudo nos permitiram identificar que a idade influencia na fertilidade pós-parto da égua, sendo que a idade de dez anos é um ponto de corte para redução da fertilidade. Além disso, identificamos que o intervalo entre o parto e a cobertura pode influenciar na perda embrionária. Também foi possível identificar que a fertilidade do segundo estro após o parto é superior quando comparada com o primeiro estro (cio do potro). O segundo objetivo desta tese foi investigar o efeito da idade materna sobre a recuperação e qualidade de embriões recuperados de éguas Mangalarga Marchador em programas de transferência de embriões. Além disso, verificar a influência da suplementação de progesterona em éguas receptoras após a transferência de embriões com diferentes qualidades. Os resultados obtidos nesse segundo estudo nos permitiram identificar que a idade da égua doadora influencia na probabilidade de recuperação e na qualidade embrionária. Também foi possível identificar que a qualidade embrionária e o grupo de receptoras influenciaram na probabilidade de gestação aos 15 e 60 dias após a transferência. Enquanto que a suplementação de progesterona nas receptoras aumentou a probabilidade de gestação aos 15 e 60 dias em embriões de diferentes qualidades. No entanto, a perda embrionária foi dependente somente do grupo de receptoras. Em conjunto, os dados evidenciam que a idade materna influencia a fertilidade de éguas tanto no pós-parto quanto em programas de transferência de embriões

The reduction in age-related fertility rates is reported in humans and horses. Although the characterization of the function is more evident to professionals during gynecological evaluations, especially after foaling, its interpretation in conjunction with the mare's age and embryonic quality must also be considered to favor the reproductive efficiency of the equine species. In this context, the first objective of this thesis was to investigate the influence of maternal age on the fertility of Thoroughbred mares during the postpartum period. The results obtained in this first study allowed us to identify that age influences the mare's postpartum fertility, with the age of ten being a cut-off point for reducing fertility. In addition, we identified that the interval between delivery and coverage can influence embryonic loss. It was also possible to identify that the fertility of the second estrus after delivery is higher when compared to the first estrus (foal heat). The second objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of maternal age on the recovery and quality of embryos recovered from Mangalarga Marchador mares in embryo transfer programs. In addition, to verify the influence of progesterone supplementation in recipient mares after the transfer of embryos with different qualities. The results obtained in this second study allowed us to identify that the age of the donor mare influences the probability of recovery and the embryonic quality. It was also possible to identify that the embryonic quality and the group of recipients influenced the probability of pregnancy at 15 and 60 days after the transfer. While supplementation of progesterone in the recipients increased the probability of gestation at 15 and 60 days in embryos of different qualities. However, embryonic loss was dependent only on the recipient group. Taken together, the data show that maternal age influences the fertility of mares both in the postpartum period and in embryo transfer programs

Effects of prostaglandin administration 10 days apart on reproductive parameters of cyclic dairy nulliparous goats / Efeitos da aplicação de prostaglandinas intervaladas de 10 dias sobre características reprodutivas de cabras leiteiras nulíparas cíclicas

This study reported the effects of prostaglandin (PGF2a) administration 10 days apart on reproductive parameters of cyclic artificial inseminated (AI) nulliparous Alpine (n=9) and Saanen (n=9) goats. Animals received two doses of 22.5mg PGF2a 10 days apart. After 1st and 2nd PGF2a administrations, estrus was monitored at 12 h intervals, with a buck teaser. Plasma progesterone concentration (ng/mL) was determined from blood sampled on day 0 (1st PGF2a) and the following 5, 10 (2nd PGF2a), 15, 20, 25 and 30 days. After the onset of the second estrus, females were transrectally (5 MHz probe) scanned at 4 hour intervals until at least 8h after ovulation. Pregnancy was checked through transrectal ultrasound on days 20, 25, 30, 35 and 90 after insemination. All parameters studied did not differ between breeds (P>0.05). Estrous response and interval to estrus, respectively, after 1st (78.9% and 50.6±17.2h) and 2nd PGF2a (88.9% and 50.0±14.8h) administration did not differ (P>0.05). Overall animals ovulating (100.0%), interval to ovulation after 2nd PGF2a (64.5±19.5h) and after estrous onset (18.0±9.1h), ovulation rate (1.3±0.5), diameter of ovulatory follicle (8.1±1.1mm) were recorded. Embryo loss occurred before day 30 of pregnancy. Estrus can be efficiently synchronized in nulliparous Alpine and Saanen goats with two doses of prostaglandin 10 days apart.(AU)

Relataram-se os efeitos da aplicação de prostaglandina sobre características reprodutivas de cabras leiteiras nulíparas cíclicas. Cabras Alpinas (n=9) e Saanen (n=9) receberam duas doses de 22,5mg PGF2a com 10 dias de intervalo. A progesterona plasmática (ng/mL) foi determinada a partir de amostras de sangue coletadas nos dias 0 (primeira dose), 5, 10 (segunda dose), 15, 20, 25 e 30. Após início do segundo estro, as fêmeas foram monitoradas por ultrassonografia transretal a cada quatro horas até oito horas após a ovulação. A gestação foi verificada por ultrassonografia transretal nos dias 20, 25, 30, 35 e 90 após a segunda dose. As características estudadas foram semelhantes entre as raças (P>0,05). Animais em estro e o intervalo parto-estro de, respectivamente, 78,9% e 50,6±17,2h e 88,9% e 50,0±14,8h após a primeira e segunda administrações de prostaglandina, não diferiram (P>0,05). Todas as cabras ovularam e registraram-se valores do intervalo parto-ovulação após a segunda aplicação de prostaglandina de 64,5±19,5h e após início do estro de 18,0±9,1h, a taxa de ovulação de 1,3±0,5 e diâmetro do folículo ovulatório de 8,1±1,1mm. Perda embrionária ocorreu antes de 30 dias de gestação. O estro pode ser eficientemente sincronizado em cabras leiteiras núliparas com duas doses de prostaglandina intervaladas de 10 dias.(AU)