Focal myositis associated with Leishmania spp. infection in a dog - diagnostic approach / Miosite focal associada à infecção por Leishmania spp. em um cão - abordagem diagnóstica

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic, zoonotic disease widely spread in several countries. The disease is caused by Leishmania spp., and the dog is the main reservoir of this parasite. Clinical signs in the muscle skeletal system consist of muscle atrophy, weakness, lameness, abnormal locomotion, osteitis, polyarthritis, heat and swelling of the joints, enlarged local lymph nodes and pain. In this note, a case of canine myositis of the lumbar region associated with Leishmania spp. infection is reported. Clinical signs included weakness, fever, mild dehydration, enlarged mandibular, pre-scapular and popliteal lymph nodes and a large palpable soft mass in the lumbar region, semi-adhered and not painful. Serologic diagnosis resulted reagent by indirect immunofluorescence reaction method. Findings of ultrasonography of the lower back are described, revealing the misalignment of muscle fibers, interspersed with anechoic areas compatible with edema. Local fine needle aspiration cytology was crucial for a definitive diagnosis, revealing amastigote forms. In endemic areas of leishmaniasis, clinicians should consider this disease as a differential diagnosis in the presence of musculoskeletal injuries with no apparent cause.(AU)

A leishmaniose canina visceral é uma doença sistêmica, zoonótica e amplamente difundida causada por parasitas do gênero Leishmania spp., sendo o cão importante hospedeiro. Os sinais clínicos de leishmaniose no sistema músculo esquelético se constituem em atrofia muscular, fraqueza, claudicação, locomoção anormal, osteíte, poliartrite, hipertermia, dor e edema das articulações. A presente nota descreve um caso de miosite lombar em cão associada à infecção por Leishmania spp. Os sinais clínicos incluíram fraqueza, febre, desidratação leve, aumento dos linfonodos mandibulares, pré-escapulares e poplíteos e uma grande massa macia palpável na região lombar, semi-aderida e não dolorosa. O diagnóstico sorológico resultou em reagente pelo método da reação de imunofluorescência indireta totalmente diluída. Os achados da ultrassonografia da região lombar são descritos, revelando o desalinhamento das fibras musculares, intercaladas com áreas anecóicas, compatíveis com edema. A citologia local de aspiração por agulha fina foi crucial para o diagnóstico definitivo, revelando formas amastigotas. Nas áreas endêmicas da leishmaniose, deve-se considerar esta doença como diagnóstico diferencial na presença de lesões musculoesqueléticas sem causa aparente.(AU)

Cytological aspects of equine oral fibrosarcoma

Background: Although mesenchymal neoplasms are prominent in horses due to the occurrence of sarcoids, other neoplasmsmay occur. Fibrosarcoma in horses is uncommon, notwithstanding, few studies have performed diagnostic techniques. Itis presumed, therefore, that other diagnostic methodologies should be explored. In this sense, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) emerges as an effective, low-cost, and minimally invasive method to identify tumors in these animals. Theobjective of this study was to describe the use of FNAC in the diagnosis of oral fibrosarcoma in horses. Once fibrosarcomais an aggressive tumor, it is important to validate effective techniques for an early diagnosis.Case: A 10-year-old male Quarter Horse was treated, with a clinical complaint of increased volume in the right maxillaryregion. This tumor occupied about » of the hard palate area. Hyporexia, hypodipsia, mild dehydration, and weight losswere observed at clinical examination. Complementary examinations were requested, and an extensive radiolucent masswith an indication of bone involvement was observed on the radiograph. The hemogram revealed normocytic normochromicanemia, in addition to lymphopenia. In the serum biochemistry test, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and creatinine wereslightly increased. FNAC showed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, possibly fibrosarcoma. Due to its clinical worsening and lack of response to supportive treatment, humanitarian euthanasia was performed. Finally, a histopathologicalexamination confirmed the oral fibrosarcoma suggested by FNAC.Discussion: The early diagnosis of neoplasms is important for its correct treatment, as well as the prognosis. In this way,the combined use of complementary tests helps in the resolution of the case. FNAC is still little used in the examinationroutine in horses. In the present report, this test demonstrated efficacy since it revealed mesenchymal cells compatible withfibroblasts...(AU)

Cytological aspects of equine oral fibrosarcoma

Background: Although mesenchymal neoplasms are prominent in horses due to the occurrence of sarcoids, other neoplasmsmay occur. Fibrosarcoma in horses is uncommon, notwithstanding, few studies have performed diagnostic techniques. Itis presumed, therefore, that other diagnostic methodologies should be explored. In this sense, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) emerges as an effective, low-cost, and minimally invasive method to identify tumors in these animals. Theobjective of this study was to describe the use of FNAC in the diagnosis of oral fibrosarcoma in horses. Once fibrosarcomais an aggressive tumor, it is important to validate effective techniques for an early diagnosis.Case: A 10-year-old male Quarter Horse was treated, with a clinical complaint of increased volume in the right maxillaryregion. This tumor occupied about » of the hard palate area. Hyporexia, hypodipsia, mild dehydration, and weight losswere observed at clinical examination. Complementary examinations were requested, and an extensive radiolucent masswith an indication of bone involvement was observed on the radiograph. The hemogram revealed normocytic normochromicanemia, in addition to lymphopenia. In the serum biochemistry test, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and creatinine wereslightly increased. FNAC showed a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, possibly fibrosarcoma. Due to its clinical worsening and lack of response to supportive treatment, humanitarian euthanasia was performed. Finally, a histopathologicalexamination confirmed the oral fibrosarcoma suggested by FNAC.Discussion: The early diagnosis of neoplasms is important for its correct treatment, as well as the prognosis. In this way,the combined use of complementary tests helps in the resolution of the case. FNAC is still little used in the examinationroutine in horses. In the present report, this test demonstrated efficacy since it revealed mesenchymal cells compatible withfibroblasts...

Criptococose cutânea associada à severa infestação por Sarcoptes sp. e Demodex sp. em um cão / Cutaneous cryptococcosis associated with severe infestation by Sarcoptes sp. and Demodex sp. in a dog

Este trabalho descreve um caso de criptococose canina localizada na pele da região interdigital de um cão. Um cão de rua, sem raça definida, adulto jovem apresentava lesões pruriginosas, alopécicas e crostosas em toda extensão corpórea, e uma lesão ulcerada interdigital no membro pélvico esquerdo. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) da lesão interdigital demonstrou um processo inflamatório acrescido de organismos leveduriformes compatíveis com Cryptococcus sp. Efetuou-se, a seguir, a cultura fúngica, que ratificou o resultado da CAAF. O paciente também apresentou diagnóstico positivo para Sarcoptes sp. e Demodex sp. Cryptococcus sp. é o agente etiológico da criptococose, uma doença infecciosa oportunista que acomete o homem, animais domésticos e silvestres. A provável imunidade baixa do cão, neste estudo, pode ter sido um fator desencadeante para o desenvolvimento da doença. A criptococose em caninos, apresentada na forma cutânea, é incomum, o que justifica a relevância deste relato.

The aim of this study was to report a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis located in the interdigital skin of a dog. A young adult mongrel dog presented pruritic alopecic crusty lesions throughout corporeal extension and an ulcerated lesion in the interdigital region of the left pelvic limb. A fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the interdigital lesion showed an inflammatory process plus yeast organisms similar to Cryptococcus sp. A mycological culture was carried out confirming the results of FNAC. The patient also had positive diagnosis to Sarcoptes sp. and Demodex sp.. Cryptococcus sp. is the etiologic agent of cryptococcosis, an infectious opportunistic disease that affects humans, domestic and wild animals. The probable low immunity of the dog, in this study, may have been a triggering factor for the development of the disease. Canine cutaneous cryptococcosis is unusual, which explains the relevance of this report case.

Criptococose cutânea associada à severa infestação por Sarcoptes sp. e Demodex sp. em um cão / Cutaneous cryptococcosis associated with severe infestation by Sarcoptes sp. and Demodex sp. in a dog

Este trabalho descreve um caso de criptococose canina localizada na pele da região interdigital de um cão. Um cão de rua, sem raça definida, adulto jovem apresentava lesões pruriginosas, alopécicas e crostosas em toda extensão corpórea, e uma lesão ulcerada interdigital no membro pélvico esquerdo. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) da lesão interdigital demonstrou um processo inflamatório acrescido de organismos leveduriformes compatíveis com Cryptococcus sp. Efetuou-se, a seguir, a cultura fúngica, que ratificou o resultado da CAAF. O paciente também apresentou diagnóstico positivo para Sarcoptes sp. e Demodex sp. Cryptococcus sp. é o agente etiológico da criptococose, uma doença infecciosa oportunista que acomete o homem, animais domésticos e silvestres. A provável imunidade baixa do cão, neste estudo, pode ter sido um fator desencadeante para o desenvolvimento da doença. A criptococose em caninos, apresentada na forma cutânea, é incomum, o que justifica a relevância deste relato.(AU)

The aim of this study was to report a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis located in the interdigital skin of a dog. A young adult mongrel dog presented pruritic alopecic crusty lesions throughout corporeal extension and an ulcerated lesion in the interdigital region of the left pelvic limb. A fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the interdigital lesion showed an inflammatory process plus yeast organisms similar to Cryptococcus sp. A mycological culture was carried out confirming the results of FNAC. The patient also had positive diagnosis to Sarcoptes sp. and Demodex sp.. Cryptococcus sp. is the etiologic agent of cryptococcosis, an infectious opportunistic disease that affects humans, domestic and wild animals. The probable low immunity of the dog, in this study, may have been a triggering factor for the development of the disease. Canine cutaneous cryptococcosis is unusual, which explains the relevance of this report case.(AU)

Avaliação da associação vincristina-ivermectina no tratamento do tumor venéreo transmissível canino

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma doença neoplásica de células redondas que afeta principalmente o sistema genital de cães. A vincristina é considerada a droga de primeira escolha no tratamento, no entanto, nos últimos anos, vários casos de resistência foram relatados, bem como múltiplos efeitos colaterais causados por essa droga. Portanto, o uso de novos medicamentos ou novas combinações tem sido estudado, como a associação de vincristina e ivermectina (que é um fármaco que funciona como um inibidor da glicoproteína-P), buscando reduzir os efeitos colaterais da vincristina. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência da combinação de vincristina e ivermectina no tratamento de cães naturalmente infectados com TVT. Também avaliamos a duração do tratamento, o número de aplicações de quimioterapia e os efeitos colaterais causados por este protocolo quimioterápico. Quarenta e um cães naturalmente infectados pelo TVT foram tratados no HOSPMEV-UFBA durante um período de 19 meses. Dentro destes quarenta e um, realizamos um estudo experimental com vinte animais. Foram alocados dez cães em dois grupos, aleatoriamente: o grupo controle (G-Vin) (n = 10) foi tratado apenas com vincristina a cada sete dias na dose de 0,5 mg / m² IV, e o grupo experimental (G-Iv/Vin) (n = 10) foi tratado com vincristina em a mesma dosagem e intervalo, juntamente com ivermectina SC, em torno de 24-48 horas antes da administração de vincristina, a cada quinze dias. Todos os cães foram acompanhados semanalmente por exame clínico, hemograma completo e análise citológica até o desaparecimento do tumor. No G-Vin 3 (3/10) dos cães apresentavam tumor do tipo linfocitoide, 2 (2/10) apresentavam tumor do tipo misto e 5 (5/10) apresentavam tumor do tipo plasmocitoides; no G-Iv/Vin 1 (1/10) apresentou tumor tipo linfocitoide, 3 (3/10) do tipo misto e 6 (6/10) do tipo plasmocitóide. Não houve diferença entre o tempo do tratamento entre os dois grupos (p = 0,48) e as doses necessárias de vincristina para remissão total do tumor (p = 0,80). No entanto, em cães do G-Vin, houve uma queda significativa nos valores de leucócitos totais quando comparados antes e após o tratamento, o que não ocorreu com os cães do G-Iv/Vin. Concluímos que existem benefícios terapêuticos da associação da ivermectina à vincristina para o tratamento do TVT, uma vez que houve redução da citotoxicidade do protocolo com a associação dos dois fármacos, não comprometendo o sucesso do tratamento. Sugerimos novos estudos, com maior número de animais, avaliar diferença estatística entre os grupos.

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round cells neoplastic disease that mostly affects the genital system of dogs. Vincristine is considered the first-line drug in the treatment, however in recent years, several cases of resistance have been reported, as well as multiple side-effects caused by this drug. Therefore, the use of new medications or new combinations have been studied, such as the association of vincristine and ivermectin (which is a drug that works as a P-glycoprotein inhibitor), seeking to reduce vincristine side-effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the combination of vincristine and ivermectin in the treatment of dogs naturally infected with TVT. We also assessed, the treatment length, the number of chemotherapy applications and the side effects caused by this chemotherapy protocol. Forty-one dogs naturally infected by TVT were treated at HOSPMEV-UFBA during a 19-month period. Within these forty-one, we conducted an experimental study with twenty animals. We allocated ten dogs in two groups, randomly: the control group (G-Vin) (n=10) was treated only with vincristine every seven days at a dose of 0.5 mg / m² IV, whether the experimental group (G-Iv/Vin) (n=10) was treated with vincristine at the same dosage and interval along with ivermectin IM, around 24-48 hours prior to vincristine administration, every fifteen days. All dogs were followed weekly by clinical examination, complete blood count and cytological analysis until tumor disappearance. In the G-Vin 3 (3/10) dogs presented lymphocyte type tumor, 2 (2/10) presented mixed type tumor and 5 (5/10) presented plasmacytoid type tumor; in the G-Iv/Vin 1 (1/10) presented lymphocyte type tumor, 3 (3/10) of the mixed type and 6 (6/10) of the plasmacytoid type. There was no difference between treatment length between the two groups (p = 0.48) and the required doses of vincristine to total tumor remission (p = 0.80). However, in dogs from the G-Vin, there was a significant drop in total leukocyte values when comparing before and after the treatment, which did not occur with the dogs from the G-Iv/Vin. We concluded that there are therapeutic benefits of associating ivermectin with vincristine for TVT treatment, since there was a reduction of the cytotoxicity of the protocol with the association of the two drugs, not jeopardizing the success of the treatment. We suggest further studies, with a greater number of animals, evaluate statistical difference between groups.

Mielose eritrêmica em um gato

The aim of this research is to describe a case of erythremic myelosis in a cat. This disease is considered rare in veterinary clinics. A one-year-old female siamese cat was brought to the veterinary hospital with clinical signs of severe anemia, emaciation and fever. The blood panel revealed marked nonregenerative anemia with elevated number of atypical erythroid progenitors and megacaryoblasts. Elevated atypical erythroid over myeloid precursors (above 85%) were also found in bone marrow biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes revealed immature erythoid cells. At necropsy, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow were obliterated by neoplastic cells. The diagnosis of erythremic myelosis was given by clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings.

Neste relato, é descrito um caso de mielose eritrêmica em um gato. Essa doença é considerada de aparecimento raro na clínica médica veterinária. Uma gata, raça Siamês, de um ano de idade, foi atendida com sinais clínicos de acentuada anemia, emaciação e febre. Havia marcada anemia arregenerativa, com grande número de precursores eritróides e megaloblastos atípicos, identificados pelo hemograma. O mielograma revelou população eritrocitária acima de 85%, quando comparada com a mielóide. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina dos linfonodos revelou a presença de células eritróides imaturas. Na necropsia, o baço, os linfonodos e a medula óssea estavam obliterados por células neoplásicas. O diagnóstico de mielose eritrêmica foi dado com base nos achados clínico-laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos.

Mielose eritrêmica em um gato

The aim of this research is to describe a case of erythremic myelosis in a cat. This disease is considered rare in veterinary clinics. A one-year-old female siamese cat was brought to the veterinary hospital with clinical signs of severe anemia, emaciation and fever. The blood panel revealed marked nonregenerative anemia with elevated number of atypical erythroid progenitors and megacaryoblasts. Elevated atypical erythroid over myeloid precursors (above 85%) were also found in bone marrow biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes revealed immature erythoid cells. At necropsy, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow were obliterated by neoplastic cells. The diagnosis of erythremic myelosis was given by clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings.

Neste relato, é descrito um caso de mielose eritrêmica em um gato. Essa doença é considerada de aparecimento raro na clínica médica veterinária. Uma gata, raça Siamês, de um ano de idade, foi atendida com sinais clínicos de acentuada anemia, emaciação e febre. Havia marcada anemia arregenerativa, com grande número de precursores eritróides e megaloblastos atípicos, identificados pelo hemograma. O mielograma revelou população eritrocitária acima de 85%, quando comparada com a mielóide. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina dos linfonodos revelou a presença de células eritróides imaturas. Na necropsia, o baço, os linfonodos e a medula óssea estavam obliterados por células neoplásicas. O diagnóstico de mielose eritrêmica foi dado com base nos achados clínico-laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos.

Specificity and Sensitivity of Cytological Techniques for Rapid Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Lesions of Canine Mammary Gland

The present study aimed at evaluating diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of cytology for rapid diagnosis and differentiation of various mammary affections of canines and the comparison of cytological findings with that of histopathology. Cytological evaluation was conducted on 33 dog patients having mammary gland lesions. Out of these, 28 cases were diagnosed for various mammary affections and rest five cases were inconclusive on the basis of cytological evaluation. Among various affections, 23 were diagnosed as tumors, four as mastitis and one as a case of steatitis. Comparison of cytological findings with histological diagnoses yielded 70% concordance between the two. For malignant mammary tumours, the correlation was 92.30% while for benign mammary tumours, it was quite low (66.66%). Among malignant tumours (n=13), there was one false positive case (7.69%) and one false negative case (7.69%). One case of mixed mammary tumour was misdiagnosed as simple adenocarcinoma. In benign tumours, only one false negative (3.3%) result was found and there was no false positive result. Various cytological techniques like touch impression, fine needle biopsy and teat fluid cytology were employed and these techniques yielded sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnoses as 87.5% and 85.7%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of cytology for diagnosing mammary tumours was 93.3% and75%, respectively. Overall, cytology was found most accurate in diagnosis of neoplastic lesions followed by inflammatory lesions and hyperplastic lesions.(AU)

Diagnóstico de criptococose canina pela citologia aspirativa por agulha fina / Diagnosis of canine cryptococcosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology

Relata-se um caso de criptococose canina de caráter sistêmico e neurológico diagnosticado com o auxílio da citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF). O paciente, da raça Labrador, 1 ano e 5 meses, macho, apresentava sinais de depressão/estupor, hiporexia, presença de uma massa cervical delimitada entre os dois linfonodos submandibulares e aumento de linfonodos. A punção aspirativa da massa cervical e dos linfonodos poplíteo, pré-escapular e submandibular revelaram presença de fungos compatíveis com Cryptococcus neoformans, o qual foi então confirmado pela cultura fúngica, e classificado como sorotipo D. A CAAF mostrou ser um método rápido, seguro e eficaz em casos de criptococose canina com presença de linfoadenomegalia.(AU)

This paper aimed to described a 1.5 year-old Labrador male, diagnosed with cryptococcosis using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The dog was showing signs of depression and hyporexia. Peripheral lymph nodes and a mass situated between the submandibular lymph nodes were aspirated. The cytology showed yeast-like structures resembling Cryptococcus sp. in all samples examined. These findings were confirmed by culture (C. neoformans, serotype D). The FNAC technique allowed a quick, safe and easy diagnosis in this case.(AU)

Mastocitoma e mastocitemia em um cão / Mastocytoma and mastocitemia in a dog

Um canino, sem raça definida, foi atendido apresentando pequenos nódulos cutâneos avermelhadosdistribuídos pelo corpo. Foi solicitada a citologia aspirativa por agulha fina na qual se verificou a presençade grande quantidade de mastócitos com características neoplásicas. No esfregaço sanguíneofoi possível visualizar mastócitos circulantes. A mastocitemia pode indicar um mau prognóstico causadopela infiltração de células neoplásicas na medula óssea. Portanto, este trabalho objetiva relatarum caso de mastocitoma acompanhado de mastocitemia em um cão para um melhor esclarecimentoaos clínicos veterinários.(AU)

This paper aims to report a case of mastocytoma and mastocitemia in a dog. A mixed-breed dog wastreated showing small reddish nodules in the skin distributed throughout the body.Fine-needle aspirationcytology was performed and thus, it was possible to see the presence of a large number ofneoplastic mast cells. In the blood smear was possible to visualize circulating mast cells. Mastocitemiacan indicate a bad prognosis caused by the infiltrating neoplastic process in the bone marrow. Thus,the aim of this paper is to describe a case of mastocytoma and mastocitemia in a dog to a better understandingof the veterinary clinicians.(AU)

Mastocitoma e mastocitemia em um cão / Mastocytoma and mastocitemia in a dog

Um canino, sem raça definida, foi atendido apresentando pequenos nódulos cutâneos avermelhadosdistribuídos pelo corpo. Foi solicitada a citologia aspirativa por agulha fina na qual se verificou a presençade grande quantidade de mastócitos com características neoplásicas. No esfregaço sanguíneofoi possível visualizar mastócitos circulantes. A mastocitemia pode indicar um mau prognóstico causadopela infiltração de células neoplásicas na medula óssea. Portanto, este trabalho objetiva relatarum caso de mastocitoma acompanhado de mastocitemia em um cão para um melhor esclarecimentoaos clínicos veterinários.

This paper aims to report a case of mastocytoma and mastocitemia in a dog. A mixed-breed dog wastreated showing small reddish nodules in the skin distributed throughout the body.Fine-needle aspirationcytology was performed and thus, it was possible to see the presence of a large number ofneoplastic mast cells. In the blood smear was possible to visualize circulating mast cells. Mastocitemiacan indicate a bad prognosis caused by the infiltrating neoplastic process in the bone marrow. Thus,the aim of this paper is to describe a case of mastocytoma and mastocitemia in a dog to a better understandingof the veterinary clinicians.

Specificity and sensitivity of cytological techniques for rapid diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of canine mammary gland

The present study aimed at evaluating diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of cytology for rapid diagnosis and differentiation of various mammary affections of canines and the comparison of cytological findings with that of histopathology. Cytological evaluation was conducted on 33 dog patients having mammary gland lesions. Out of these, 28 cases were diagnosed for various mammary affections and rest five cases were inconclusive on the basis of cytological evaluation. Among various affections, 23 were diagnosed as tumors, four as mastitis and one as a case of steatitis. Comparison of cytological findings with histological diagnoses yielded 70% concordance between the two. For malignant mammary tumours, the correlation was 92.30% while for benign mammary tumours, it was quite low (66.66%). Among malignant tumours (n=13), there was one false positive case (7.69%) and one false negative case (7.69%). One case of mixed mammary tumour was misdiagnosed as simple adenocarcinoma. In benign tumours, only one false negative (3.3%) result was found and there was no false positive result. Various cytological techniques like touch impression, fine needle biopsy and teat fluid cytology were employed and these techniques yielded sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnoses as 87.5% and 85.7%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of cytology for diagnosing mammary tumou