Exploration of Zingiber officinale effects on growth performance, immunity and gut morphology in broilers / Exploração dos efeitos do Zingiber officinale no desempenho de crescimento, imunidade e morfologia intestinal em frangos de corte

The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of Zingiber officinale as a herbal feed additive on growth performance, carcass characteristic, serum biochemistry, total bacterial count (TBC), gut morphology, and immunological parameters of broilers. A total of 1500, day-old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were equally accredited to five treatment groups, each with six replicates (50 birds/replicate). Five experimental diets were prepared using basal diet i.e. with antibiotics positive control (PC), 3 g/kg ginger (group A), 6 g/kg ginger (group B), 9 g/kg ginger (group C) and without antibiotics negative control (NC). Group A and C showed significantly (p<0.05) higher feed intake (FI) as compared to other groups. Group C showed significantly (p<0.05) lower Total bacterial count (TBC) followed by group B as compared to NC. Carcass characteristics showed non-significant effects among different treatments. Mean villi length and width were significantly (p <0.05) higher in all ginger supplemented groups as compared to the control groups. Blood serum parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups B and C in comparison with the control groups. Whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly higher in group B as compared to the others. In conclusion, ginger supplementation @0.6% in the basal diet significantly improved growth performance and gut morphometry of broilers. It also showed a positive impact on cholesterol, triglycerides and gut microbes. Therefore, ginger could be a better substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de Zingiber officinale como aditivo à base de plantas medicinais sobre o desempenho de crescimento, características da carcaça, bioquímica sérica, contagem bacteriana total (CBT), morfologia intestinal e parâmetros imunológicos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.500 pintos de corte de um dia de idade (Hubbard) foram igualmente credenciados em cinco grupos de tratamento, cada um com seis repetições (50 aves/repetição). Cinco dietas experimentais foram preparadas usando dieta basal, ou seja, com controle positivo de antibióticos (PC), 3 g/kg de gengibre (grupo A), 6 g/kg de gengibre (grupo B), 9 g/kg de gengibre (grupo C) e sem controle negativo de antibióticos (NC). Os grupos A e C apresentaram consumo de ração (FI) significativamente (p < 0,05) maior do que os outros grupos. O grupo C apresentou contagem bacteriana total (CBT) significativamente menor (p < 0,05) seguido pelo grupo B em comparação com o NC. As características da carcaça apresentaram efeitos não significativos entre os diferentes tratamentos. O comprimento e largura médios das vilosidades foram significativamente (p < 0,05) maiores em todos os grupos suplementados com gengibre em comparação com os grupos de controle. Os parâmetros séricos do sangue, incluindo colesterol, triglicerídeos e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), foram significativamente (p < 0,05) menores nos grupos B e C em comparação com os grupos controle. Enquanto as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) foram significativamente maiores no grupo B em comparação com os outros. Em conclusão, a suplementação de gengibre a 0,6% na dieta basal melhorou significativamente o desempenho de crescimento e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Ele também mostrou um impacto positivo sobre o colesterol, triglicerídeos e micróbios intestinais. Portanto, o gengibre pode ser um substituto melhor para os promotores de crescimento com antibióticos.

Exploration of Zingiber officinale effects on growth performance, immunity and gut morphology in broilers

Abstract The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of Zingiber officinale as a herbal feed additive on growth performance, carcass characteristic, serum biochemistry, total bacterial count (TBC), gut morphology, and immunological parameters of broilers. A total of 1500, day-old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were equally accredited to five treatment groups, each with six replicates (50 birds/replicate). Five experimental diets were prepared using basal diet i.e. with antibiotics positive control (PC), 3 g/kg ginger (group A), 6 g/kg ginger (group B), 9 g/kg ginger (group C) and without antibiotics negative control (NC). Group A and C showed significantly (p 0.05) higher feed intake (FI) as compared to other groups. Group C showed significantly (p 0.05) lower Total bacterial count (TBC) followed by group B as compared to NC. Carcass characteristics showed non-significant effects among different treatments. Mean villi length and width were significantly (p 0.05) higher in all ginger supplemented groups as compared to the control groups. Blood serum parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly (p 0.05) lower in groups B and C in comparison with the control groups. Whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly higher in group B as compared to the others. In conclusion, ginger supplementation @0.6% in the basal diet significantly improved growth performance and gut morphometry of broilers. It also showed a positive impact on cholesterol, triglycerides and gut microbes. Therefore, ginger could be a better substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de Zingiber officinale como aditivo à base de plantas medicinais sobre o desempenho de crescimento, características da carcaça, bioquímica sérica, contagem bacteriana total (CBT), morfologia intestinal e parâmetros imunológicos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.500 pintos de corte de um dia de idade (Hubbard) foram igualmente credenciados em cinco grupos de tratamento, cada um com seis repetições (50 aves/repetição). Cinco dietas experimentais foram preparadas usando dieta basal, ou seja, com controle positivo de antibióticos (PC), 3 g/kg de gengibre (grupo A), 6 g/kg de gengibre (grupo B), 9 g/kg de gengibre (grupo C) e sem controle negativo de antibióticos (NC). Os grupos A e C apresentaram consumo de ração (FI) significativamente (p 0,05) maior do que os outros grupos. O grupo C apresentou contagem bacteriana total (CBT) significativamente menor (p 0,05) seguido pelo grupo B em comparação com o NC. As características da carcaça apresentaram efeitos não significativos entre os diferentes tratamentos. O comprimento e largura médios das vilosidades foram significativamente (p 0,05) maiores em todos os grupos suplementados com gengibre em comparação com os grupos de controle. Os parâmetros séricos do sangue, incluindo colesterol, triglicerídeos e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), foram significativamente (p 0,05) menores nos grupos B e C em comparação com os grupos controle. Enquanto as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) foram significativamente maiores no grupo B em comparação com os outros. Em conclusão, a suplementação de gengibre a 0,6% na dieta basal melhorou significativamente o desempenho de crescimento e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Ele também mostrou um impacto positivo sobre o colesterol, triglicerídeos e micróbios intestinais. Portanto, o gengibre pode ser um substituto melhor para os promotores de crescimento com antibióticos.

Exploration of Zingiber officinale effects on growth performance, immunity and gut morphology in broilers / Exploração dos efeitos do Zingiber officinale no desempenho de crescimento, imunidade e morfologia intestinal em frangos de corte

Abstract The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of Zingiber officinale as a herbal feed additive on growth performance, carcass characteristic, serum biochemistry, total bacterial count (TBC), gut morphology, and immunological parameters of broilers. A total of 1500, day-old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were equally accredited to five treatment groups, each with six replicates (50 birds/replicate). Five experimental diets were prepared using basal diet i.e. with antibiotics positive control (PC), 3 g/kg ginger (group A), 6 g/kg ginger (group B), 9 g/kg ginger (group C) and without antibiotics negative control (NC). Group A and C showed significantly (p<0.05) higher feed intake (FI) as compared to other groups. Group C showed significantly (p<0.05) lower Total bacterial count (TBC) followed by group B as compared to NC. Carcass characteristics showed non-significant effects among different treatments. Mean villi length and width were significantly (p <0.05) higher in all ginger supplemented groups as compared to the control groups. Blood serum parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups B and C in comparison with the control groups. Whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly higher in group B as compared to the others. In conclusion, ginger supplementation @0.6% in the basal diet significantly improved growth performance and gut morphometry of broilers. It also showed a positive impact on cholesterol, triglycerides and gut microbes. Therefore, ginger could be a better substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de Zingiber officinale como aditivo à base de plantas medicinais sobre o desempenho de crescimento, características da carcaça, bioquímica sérica, contagem bacteriana total (CBT), morfologia intestinal e parâmetros imunológicos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.500 pintos de corte de um dia de idade (Hubbard) foram igualmente credenciados em cinco grupos de tratamento, cada um com seis repetições (50 aves/repetição). Cinco dietas experimentais foram preparadas usando dieta basal, ou seja, com controle positivo de antibióticos (PC), 3 g/kg de gengibre (grupo A), 6 g/kg de gengibre (grupo B), 9 g/kg de gengibre (grupo C) e sem controle negativo de antibióticos (NC). Os grupos A e C apresentaram consumo de ração (FI) significativamente (p < 0,05) maior do que os outros grupos. O grupo C apresentou contagem bacteriana total (CBT) significativamente menor (p < 0,05) seguido pelo grupo B em comparação com o NC. As características da carcaça apresentaram efeitos não significativos entre os diferentes tratamentos. O comprimento e largura médios das vilosidades foram significativamente (p < 0,05) maiores em todos os grupos suplementados com gengibre em comparação com os grupos de controle. Os parâmetros séricos do sangue, incluindo colesterol, triglicerídeos e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), foram significativamente (p < 0,05) menores nos grupos B e C em comparação com os grupos controle. Enquanto as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) foram significativamente maiores no grupo B em comparação com os outros. Em conclusão, a suplementação de gengibre a 0,6% na dieta basal melhorou significativamente o desempenho de crescimento e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Ele também mostrou um impacto positivo sobre o colesterol, triglicerídeos e micróbios intestinais. Portanto, o gengibre pode ser um substituto melhor para os promotores de crescimento com antibióticos.

Exploration of Zingiber officinale effects on growth performance, immunity and gut morphology in broilers / Exploração dos efeitos do Zingiber officinale no desempenho de crescimento, imunidade e morfologia intestinal em frangos de corte

The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of Zingiber officinale as a herbal feed additive on growth performance, carcass characteristic, serum biochemistry, total bacterial count (TBC), gut morphology, and immunological parameters of broilers. A total of 1500, day-old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were equally accredited to five treatment groups, each with six replicates (50 birds/replicate). Five experimental diets were prepared using basal diet i.e. with antibiotics positive control (PC), 3 g/kg ginger (group A), 6 g/kg ginger (group B), 9 g/kg ginger (group C) and without antibiotics negative control (NC). Group A and C showed significantly (p<0.05) higher feed intake (FI) as compared to other groups. Group C showed significantly (p<0.05) lower Total bacterial count (TBC) followed by group B as compared to NC. Carcass characteristics showed non-significant effects among different treatments. Mean villi length and width were significantly (p <0.05) higher in all ginger supplemented groups as compared to the control groups. Blood serum parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups B and C in comparison with the control groups. Whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly higher in group B as compared to the others. In conclusion, ginger supplementation @0.6% in the basal diet significantly improved growth performance and gut morphometry of broilers. It also showed a positive impact on cholesterol, triglycerides and gut microbes. Therefore, ginger could be a better substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de Zingiber officinale como aditivo à base de plantas medicinais sobre o desempenho de crescimento, características da carcaça, bioquímica sérica, contagem bacteriana total (CBT), morfologia intestinal e parâmetros imunológicos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.500 pintos de corte de um dia de idade (Hubbard) foram igualmente credenciados em cinco grupos de tratamento, cada um com seis repetições (50 aves/repetição). Cinco dietas experimentais foram preparadas usando dieta basal, ou seja, com controle positivo de antibióticos (PC), 3 g/kg de gengibre (grupo A), 6 g/kg de gengibre (grupo B), 9 g/kg de gengibre (grupo C) e sem controle negativo de antibióticos (NC). Os grupos A e C apresentaram consumo de ração (FI) significativamente (p < 0,05) maior do que os outros grupos. O grupo C apresentou contagem bacteriana total (CBT) significativamente menor (p < 0,05) seguido pelo grupo B em comparação com o NC. As características da carcaça apresentaram efeitos não significativos entre os diferentes tratamentos. O comprimento e largura médios das vilosidades foram significativamente (p < 0,05) maiores em todos os grupos suplementados com gengibre em comparação com os grupos de controle. Os parâmetros séricos do sangue, incluindo colesterol, triglicerídeos e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), foram significativamente (p < 0,05) menores nos grupos B e C em comparação com os grupos controle. Enquanto as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) foram significativamente maiores no grupo B em comparação com os outros. Em conclusão, a suplementação de gengibre a 0,6% na dieta basal melhorou significativamente o desempenho de crescimento e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Ele também mostrou um impacto positivo sobre o colesterol, triglicerídeos e micróbios intestinais. Portanto, o gengibre pode ser um substituto melhor para os promotores de crescimento com antibióticos.(AU)

Effect of amla and ginger powders on quality criteria of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingers / Efeito da amla e do gengibre em pó nos critérios de qualidade dos palitos de bagre-africano (Clarias gariepinus)

Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) meat isn't preferred by consumers in compared to other fish species meat, thus to enhance the use of catfish meat, ready to eat catfish fingers were prepared with some plants additives (amla and ginger powder). The mean objective of this study was to assess the impact of amla and ginger powder on catfish finger qualities in terms of physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensorial parameters under stored at a low temperature (5 ± 1 °C). The obtained results were compared with those of a control sample (basic formula) and a sample containing the synthetic antioxidant. During the storage period, the levels of pH, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, total bacteria count, psychrophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts counts increased dramatically, although the values remained within acceptable ranges. The findings also revealed, that amla and ginger powder considerably (p < 0.05) reduced the changes in quality parameters, as well as there was a considerable increase in the quality parameter in all treated samples than in the control. Finally, amla and ginger powder can be a substitute for synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. These findings suggest that the powder of amla and ginger are suitable for use as a natural antioxidants and antimicrobials to extend the shelf-life of animal products.

Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) meat isn't preferred by consumers in compared to other fish species meat, thus to enhance the use of catfish meat, ready to eat catfish fingers were prepared with some plants additives (amla and ginger powder). The mean objective of this study was to assess the impact of amla and ginger powder on catfish finger qualities in terms of physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensorial parameters under stored at a low temperature (5 ± 1 °C). The obtained results were compared with those of a control sample (basic formula) and a sample containing the synthetic antioxidant. During the storage period, the levels of pH, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, trimethylamine, total bacteria count, psychrophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts counts increased dramatically, although the values remained within acceptable ranges. The findings also revealed, that amla and ginger powder considerably (p < 0.05) reduced the changes in quality parameters, as well as there was a considerable increase in the quality parameter in all treated samples than in the control. Finally, amla and ginger powder can be a substitute for synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. These findings suggest that the powder of amla and ginger are suitable for use as a natural antioxidants and antimicrobials to extend the shelf-life of animal products.

Effects of Zingiber officinale as a feed additive on productive parameters, carcass quality, and meat quality in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger as an additive in the diet of fattening rabbits. Sixty weaned rabbits (35 days old) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15). Animals were fed ad libitum with a control diet or one of three experimental diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2 g of ginger per 100 g of feed during 28 d. Weight gain in the final week of the experiment was significantly greater in rabbits fed ginger at 0.5 g/100 g of feed than in those fed ginger at 1 and 2 g/100 g of feed or the control diet. No significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed among the treatments, but higher values of live weight, carcass length, and carcass circumference were observed in rabbits treated with ginger than in those fed the control diet. Regarding carcass quality parameters involving the kidneys and empty gastrointestinal tract, we found that rabbits treated with ginger at 0.5 g/100 g of feed showed significant differences from those treated with ginger at 1 and 2 g/100 g of feed or the control diet. pH, water holding capacity, L*, and a* did not significantly differ among the treatments, although greater water holding capacity was observed in rabbits treated with ginger than in control rabbits. Parameter b* was significantly higher in rabbits fed ginger at 2 g/100 g of feed than in those fed at 0.5 and 1 g/100 g of feed and in the control. The results found suggest that ginger can be used as an additive in diets of fattening rabbits.(AU)

Chemical profile, anti 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxegenase inhibitory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome, callus and callus treated with elicitors / Perfil químico, anti-5-lipoxigenase e efeitos inibitórios da ciclooxegenase do rizoma de gengibre (Zingiber officinale), do calo e calos tratados com elicitores

The present study investigated the chemical profiles and evaluated the inhibitory effect against 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) activity for extracts of ginger rhizome, callus, and callus treated with the elicitors; yeast extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/L), glycine (100, 200 and 300 mg/L) and salicylic acid (100 and 200 mg/L). Oils and chloroform: methanol (CM) extracts were prepared by maceration in petroleum ether and CM (1:1, v/v), respectively. Chemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Oil of the callus recorded higher 5-Lox inhibitory effect (IC50 58.33±4.66 µg/mL) than the oil of rhizome (IC50168.34±15.64 µg/mL) and comparable to that of the positive control; Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (IC50 61.25±1.02 µg/mL). The chemical profile of the callus oil contained large amounts of fatty acids, mainly the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (31.11%) and saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (28.56%). Elicitors modified the chemical profile of the callus and ameliorated the anti-5-Lox activity of CM extract of the callus. CM extracts of callus treated with 100 and 300 mg/L yeast extract and 50 mg/L salicylic acid significantly suppressed (P ≤ 0.05) the 5-Lox activity by 33.16%, 25.46% and 16%, respectively as compared to the CM extract of untreated callus. In conclusion, ginger callus could be considered as a valuable dietary supplement in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os perfis químicos e avaliar o efeito inibitório da atividade da 5-Lipoxigenase (5-Lox) em extratos de rizoma, calo e calo de gengibre tratados com os eliciadores; extrato de levedura (100, 300 e 500 mg / L), glicina (100, 200 e 300 mg / L) e ácido salicílico (100 e 200 mg / L). Extratos de óleos e clorofórmio: metanol (CM) foram preparados por maceração em éter e CM (1: 1, v / v), respectivamente. Os perfis químicos foram determinados por análise de cromatografia gasosa / espectrometria de massa (GC / MS). O óleo do calo registrou maior efeito inibitório de 5-Lox (IC50 58,33 ± 4,66 µg / mL) do que o óleo de rizoma (IC50168,34 ± 15,64 µg / mL) e comparável ao do controle positivo; Ácido nordi-hidroguaiarético (IC50 61,25 ± 1,02 µg / mL). O perfil químico do óleo de calo continha grandes quantidades de ácidos graxos, principalmente o ácido graxo insaturado ácido oleico (31,11%) e ácido graxo saturado palmítico (28,56%). Os elicitores modificaram o perfil químico do calo e melhoraram a atividade anti-5-Lox do extrato de CM do calo. Extratos de CM de calos tratados com 100 e 300 mg / L de extrato de levedura e 50 mg / L de ácido salicílico suprimiram significativamente (P ≤ 0,05) a atividade de 5-Lox em 33,16%, 25,46% e 16%, respectivamente, em comparação com o extrato de CM de calo não tratado. Em conclusão, o calo de gengibre pode ser considerado um suplemento dietético valioso no tratamento de vários distúrbios inflamatórios.

Neurobehavioral and hepatic complications induced by acute inhalation exposure to abamectin in female rats of the Wistar strain treated with ginger (Zingiber officinale)

The study we conducted aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of abamectin (ABM) (pesticide) on liver function and neurobehavioral by using the open field test. As a therapy, we have opted for a treatment based on natural antioxidants ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) mixed with olive oil to see the restorative effects during the experiment. The study was conducted on female Wistar rats. The latter was given an inhalation exposure of abamectin (ABM) at a dose CL50 > 5.04mg/L/1hr each morning for one week. The effects of this exposure showed a drop in body weight gain (g), a significant decrease in the relative and absolute weights liver (gm/100 gm body weight) accompanied by hepatic impairment indicating a significant disturbance of transaminases (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and significant behavioral changes. Administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract at a dose of 3 ml mixed with olive oil at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 7 days orally (gavages) after inhalation indicates that ginger has a more remarkable and rapid effect on physical and mental health, it acts as a major means of defense and hepato-protective against toxicity.(AU)

Neurobehavioral and hepatic complications induced by acute inhalation exposure to abamectin in female rats of the Wistar strain treated with ginger (Zingiber officinale)

The study we conducted aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of abamectin (ABM) (pesticide) on liver function and neurobehavioral by using the open field test. As a therapy, we have opted for a treatment based on natural antioxidants ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) mixed with olive oil to see the restorative effects during the experiment. The study was conducted on female Wistar rats. The latter was given an inhalation exposure of abamectin (ABM) at a dose CL50 > 5.04mg/L/1hr each morning for one week. The effects of this exposure showed a drop in body weight gain (g), a significant decrease in the relative and absolute weights liver (gm/100 gm body weight) accompanied by hepatic impairment indicating a significant disturbance of transaminases (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and significant behavioral changes. Administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract at a dose of 3 ml mixed with olive oil at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 7 days orally (gavages) after inhalation indicates that ginger has a more remarkable and rapid effect on physical and mental health, it acts as a major means of defense and hepato-protective against toxicity.(AU)

Neurobehavioral and hepatic complications induced by acute inhalation exposure to abamectin in female rats of the Wistar strain treated with ginger (Zingiber officinale)

The study we conducted aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of abamectin (ABM) (pesticide) on liver function and neurobehavioral by using the open field test. As a therapy, we have opted for a treatment based on natural antioxidants ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) mixed with olive oil to see the restorative effects during the experiment. The study was conducted on female Wistar rats. The latter was given an inhalation exposure of abamectin (ABM) at a dose CL50 > 5.04mg/L/1hr each morning for one week. The effects of this exposure showed a drop in body weight gain (g), a significant decrease in the relative and absolute weights liver (gm/100 gm body weight) accompanied by hepatic impairment indicating a significant disturbance of transaminases (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and significant behavioral changes. Administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract at a dose of 3 ml mixed with olive oil at a dose of 1 ml/kg for 7 days orally (gavages) after inhalation indicates that ginger has a more remarkable and rapid effect on physical and mental health, it acts as a major means of defense and hepato-protective against toxicity.

Antibiotic resistance profile of gram-negative bacteria isolated from dog nasal swab samples, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of Alpinia purpurta (Vieill.) K. Schum (Zingiberaceae) / Perfil de resistência a antibióticos de bactérias gramnegativas isoladas de amostras de swab nasal de cães e atividades antibacteriana e antioxidante de extratos aquosos de Alpinia purpurta (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae)

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and their negligent use among dog owners have contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms found in pets. In addition, the search for medicinal plants with antibacterial properties has made the evaluation of aqueous extracts of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum an important issue. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of gram-negative bacteria isolated from nasal swab samples of dogs and assess the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves and rhizomes of A. purpurata. The bacteria identified were tested using the agar disc diffusion assay for the evaluation of antibiotic resistance. A total of 16 isolates were obtained from the 19 samples collected, with a high prevalence of Escherichia coli (n=5). There was a high rate of resistance to ß-lactams, where the highest percentage was seen for amoxicillin (72.5%). Aqueous leaf extracts had high levels of total phenolic compounds (637.47 µg GAE mg-1), differing significantly (p < 0.05) from aqueous rhizome extracts (228.64 µg GAE mg-1). There was no significant difference in EC50 of DPPH values between the aqueous extracts; however, the antioxidant capacity of rhizome extracts had higher values than leaf extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of leaves and rhizomes for the evaluated bacteria ranged from 9000 to 32,000 µg mL-1. For the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), most bacteria showed an MBC over 38,400 µg mL-1 for the rhizome. In conclusion, the bacteria isolated from dog nasal swabs showed a high resistance profile for the antibiotics of the penicillin class. Additionally, the results from the analysis of the aqueous extracts of rhizomes and leaves of A. purpurata showed an antimicrobial effect possibly associated with a high content of total phenolic compounds; these results can create a scope for using these extracts together with conventional antibiotics to control the emergence of antibiotic resistance among microbial species.(AU)

O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos na Medicina Veterinária e negligência de tutores de cães no uso adequado contribuíram no aumento de resistência em animais de companhia. Além disso, a busca por plantas medicinais que tenham efeito antibacteriano tornou importante a avaliação de extratos aquosos de Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o perfil de resistência aos antibióticos de bactérias Gram-negativas isoladas de amostras de swabs nasais de cães e verificar a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos aquosos das folhas e dos rizomas de A. purpurata. As bactérias identificadas foram submetidas à técnica de disco difusão em ágar para avaliação da resistência aos antibióticos. Das 19 amostras colhidas, foram isoladas 16 bactérias, com maior prevalência para Escherichia coli (n=5). Verificou-se um alto índice de resistência aos ß-lactâmicos testados, com maior percentual para amoxicilina (72,5%). Os extratos aquosos das folhas apresentam elevados teores de compostos fenólicos totais (637,47 µg GAE mg-1 extrato), sendo diferente (p < 0,05) dos extratos aquosos dos rizomas (228,64 µg GAE mg-1 extrato). Não houve diferença significativa nos valores de EC50 ­ DPPH para os extratos aquosos, entretanto, para a capacidade antioxidante FRAP, os extratos dos rizomas de A. purpurata demonstraram maiores valores quando comparados com os extratos aquosos das folhas. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) das folhas e rizomas para as bactérias avaliadas variaram entre 9.000 a 32.000 µg mL-1. Para a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM), a maioria das bactérias apresentaram CBM acima de 38.400 µg mL-1 para o rizoma. Conclui-se que as bactérias isoladas de swab nasal de cães apresentam alto perfil de resistência aos antibióticos da classe das penicilinas, no entanto, os resultados dos extratos aquosos dos rizomas e das folhas de A. purpurata sinalizam efeito antimicrobiano possivelmente associado ao elevado teor de compostos fenólicos totais, podendo ser utilizado em conjunto aos antibióticos convencionais, reduzindo assim sua resistência.(AU)

Evaluation of Comparative Effect of Feed Additive of Allium Sativum and Zingeber Officinale on Bird Growth and Histomorphometric Characteristics of Small Intestine in Broilers

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of garlic, ginger in the diets of broiler chickens and assessment in terms of feed intake, growth performance and economics of feeding. The results showed that groups supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder has shown significant effects on body weight as compared to the control group at day 28. Groups supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder show significant increase in body weight than the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different supplemented groups, villus length and width of duodenum and jejunum of birds served with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder is significantly higher than the villus length and width of birds supplemented with 0.25% garlic and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different supplemented groups, villus length of ileum of the group supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder is significantly (p 0.05) lower than the villus length of the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder.(AU)

Evaluation of Comparative Effect of Feed Additive of Allium Sativum and Zingeber Officinale on Bird Growth and Histomorphometric Characteristics of Small Intestine in Broilers

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of garlic, ginger in the diets of broiler chickens and assessment in terms of feed intake, growth performance and economics of feeding. The results showed that groups supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder has shown significant effects on body weight as compared to the control group at day 28. Groups supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder show significant increase in body weight than the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different supplemented groups, villus length and width of duodenum and jejunum of birds served with 0.5% garlic powder and 0.5% ginger powder is significantly higher than the villus length and width of birds supplemented with 0.25% garlic and 0.25% ginger powder. Between different supplemented groups, villus length of ileum of the group supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder is significantly (p 0.05) lower than the villus length of the groups supplemented with 0.25% garlic powder and 0.25% ginger powder.

ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Zingiber officinale NA DIETA DE CARPA-CAPIM (Ctenopharyngodon idella): PARÂMETROS METABÓLICOS E DESEMPENHO ZOOTÉCNICO

A piscicultura vem apresentando crescimento produtivo de grande significância dentro da produção aquícola, fato que vem ocasionando um acréscimo na produção de peixes com consequente aumento de densidade nos viveiros de cultivo. Uma negativa desta tendência de produção são os prejuízos econômicos devido a enfermidades que as altas taxas de lotação podem estimular, trazendo ao produtor a necessidade de estabelecer técnicas de manejo mais eficazes, alimentos mais seguros nutricionalmente, além de adotar métodos profiláticos mais eficientes. O uso profilático de produtos naturais vem despertando interesse neste setor, por apresentarem menores possibilidades de toxicidade aos animais e alto potencial biodegradável. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição do Óleo essencial de gengibre (OEG) na ração de juvenis de carpa-capim, e sua relação no crescimento e parâmetros metabólicos no plasma e tecidos dos peixes. Utilizou-se 500 juvenis de carpas-capim (2,5 ± 0,54 g), distribuídos em 20 caixas de 30 litros cada, em sistema de recirculação, onde receberam rações comerciais (40% PB) suplementadas com OEG nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mL/kg-1 de ração por 60 dias. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água foram monitorados e ajustados através de trocas parciais de água, e mantiveram-se dentro dos níveis aceitáveis para os peixes. Amostras de fígado, músculo e plasma foram coletadas, bem como medidas de peso e comprimento dos peixes para posterior análise de crescimento, composição centesimal do peixe inteiro e parâmetros metabólicos dos animais. Foi observado que nenhum dos níveis de OEG adicionados a ração causam efeito positivo sobre o crescimento de alevinos de carpa-capim. A concentração de 2,0 mL de OEG/kg-1 de ração pode ser utilizada para testes em espécies carnívoras ou onívoras, pois estas possuem trato digestório menor e possivelmente o aproveitamento e absorção serão promissores.

Fish farming has been showing productive growth of extreme significance within aquaculture production, a fact that has been causing an increase in fish production with a consequent increase in density in nurseries. A negative of this trend of production are the economic losses due to diseases that high stocking rates can stimulate, bringing to the producer the need to establish more effective management techniques, nutritionally safer foods, and adopt more efficient prophylactic methods. The prophylactic use of natural products has aroused interest in this sector, since they have lower possibilities of toxicity to animals and high biodegradable potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of OE from Zingiber officinale (EOG) on juvenile rations of carp-grass, and its relation on growth and metabolic parameters in fish plasma and tissues. 500 juvenile carp (2.5 ± 0.54 g) were distributed in 20 boxes of 30 liters each, in a recirculation system, where they received commercial feed (40% CP) supplemented with EOG at concentrations of 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mL/kg-1 of feed. The water quality parameters were monitored and adjusted when necessary, and remained within acceptable levels for fish. Liver, muscle and plasma samples were collected as well as measurements of fish weight and length for subsequent growth analysis, centesimal composition of the whole fish and metabolic parameters of the animals. It was observed that none of the OEG levels added to the feed had a positive effect on the growth of carp fingerlings. The concentration of 2.0 mL of OEG / kg-1 of feed can be used for tests on carnivorous or omnivorous species, since these have a lower digestive tract and possibly the recovery and absorption will be promising.

USO DE ESPECIARIAS COMO ADITIVOS NATURAIS NA PRODUÇÃO DE HAMBÚRGUER BOVINO

O interesse da população pelo consumo de alimentos saudáveis, práticos e com maior durabilidade é cada vez mais frequente. Para atender a essa demanda, as indústrias de alimentos têm buscado trabalhar com ingredientes naturais, visando minimizar o uso de aditivos sintéticos. O estudo objetivou investigar se a inclusão de diferentes especiarias em hambúrguer bovino afeta o crescimento bacteriano, a oxidação lipídica e as características sensoriais dos produtos. Foram elaboradas 4 formulações de hambúrguer: controle (sem aditivos), açafrão (1%), gengibre (1%) e urucum (1%). Os produtos foram analisados quanto à contagem bacteriana total (CBT) nos dias 0, 7 e 15 (armazenamento a 4 °C) e 0, 15 e 60 (armazenamento a 30 °C) e quanto à rancidez, nos dias 0, 30 e 60 (armazenamento a 30 °C). A aceitação dos atributos sensoriais e a intenção de compra foram avaliadas com o uso de escalas hedônicas. Todos os hambúrgueres formulados com especiarias e mantidos a 4 °C apresentaram menor CBT que a formulação controle, enquanto que, para os armazenados a 30 °C, o mesmo ocorreu apenas com os que continham gengibre. Menores valores de oxidação lipídica foram encontrados nas formulações contendo as especiarias, com 0, 30 e 60 dias de armazenamento a 30 °C. As formulações controle e gengibre lideraram a aceitação dos provadores nos atributos aparência e cor, enquanto que, para os demais atributos, não houve diferença entre as formulações com especiarias. Na intenção de compra, tanto os hambúrgueres formulados com gengibre como os do grupo controle despertaram maior interesse por parte dos provadores. Concluiu-se que a adição das especiarias reduziu a CBT e retardou a oxidação lipídica dos hambúrgueres, e que os produtos elaborados com gengibre apresentaram os maiores índices de aceitação sensorial e intenção e compra.

The population's interest in consuming healthier, more practical and durable foods is increasingly frequent. In order to meet this demand, the food industry has sought to work with natural ingredients in order to minimize the use of synthetic additives. The study aimed to investigate if the inclusion of different spices in bovine burger affects bacterial growth, lipid oxidation and sensorial characteristics of the products. Four hamburger formulations were prepared: control (without additives), saffron (1%), ginger (1%) and annatto (1%). The products were analyzed for total bacteri al count (TBC) on days 0, 7 and 15 (storage at 4 °C) and 0, 15 and 60 (storage at -30 °C) and, for rancidity, on days 0, 30 and 60 (storage at -30 °C). The acceptance of the sensory attributes and the purchase intent were evaluated using hedonic scales. Al l burgers formulated with spices and kept at 4 °C had lower TBC than the control formulation, whereas for those stored at -30 °C, the same occurred only with the ginger-made ones. Lower lipid oxidation was found for the formulations containing the spices, with 0, 30 and 60 days of storage at -30 °C. Control and ginger formulations led the acceptance of the tasters for the attributes appearance and color, while for the other attributes no difference s among the formulations with spices were detected. In the purchase intention trial, both the ginger-made and the control group burgers aroused greater interest from the tasters. It was concluded that the addition of spices reduced TBC and delayed the lipid oxidation of hamburgers, and that the products elaborated with ginger had the highest sensory acceptance and purchase intention indexes.

Qualidade de rosas de corte tratadas com produtos naturais

Use of natural products like floral preservative has contributed to reduce indiscriminate use of chemical products. Therefore, this research tested solutions to keep quality and to increase commercial durability of 'Vega' cv. cut roses. It was used a casual design in a factorial schema composed by six post harvest treatments and four evaluation dates. The following treatments were conducted: 1) Distilled water; 2) Metil jasmonate (350µM) application in pulsing form for four hours; 3) Metil jasmonate (500µM) spraying; 4) Mint oil (100ppm); 5) Ginger oil (100ppm); and 6) Propolis (0.05%) used as a maintenance solution. Flowers stayed in an environment at 20±2°C and 67±3% RH. Physiological and qualitative evaluations were conducted. Generally speaking, natural products presented a beneficial action over the shelf life of flowers. However, metil jasmonate spraying was, in all evaluated parameters, the most efficient product to maintain floral quality, providing a lower fresh mass loss and a lower respiratory rate of flowers. It also permitted improvement in coloration maintenance, water relative content and reducing sugars.

O uso de produtos naturais como conservantes florais vem contribuir para a redução do uso indiscriminado de produtos químicos potencialmente tóxicos. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho testar soluções para manter a qualidade e aumentar a durabilidade comercial de rosas vermelhas cortadas da cv. 'Vega'. Foi empregado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial composto por seis tratamentos pós-colheita e quatro datas de avaliação. Os tratamentos realizados foram os seguintes: 1) Água destilada; 2) Metil jasmonato (350µM); aplicado na forma de pulsing, por quatro horas; 3) Pulverização de Metil jasmonato (500µM); 4) Óleo de menta (100ppm); 5) Óleo de gengibre (100ppm); e 6) Própolis (0,05%), utilizados na forma de solução de manutenção. As flores foram mantidas em ambiente com temperatura de 20±2°C e umidade relativa de 67±3%. Procedeu-se a avaliações fisiológicas e qualitativas. De modo geral, os produtos naturais apresentaram ação benéfica sobre a vida de vaso das flores, entretanto, o uso do metil jasmonato em pulverização mostrou, em todos os parâmetros avaliados, ser o produto mais eficiente para manutenção da qualidade floral, promovendo menor perda de massa fresca e menor taxa respiratória das flores, além de permitir melhoria na manutenção da coloração, do conteúdo relativo de água e de carboidratos redutores.

Qualidade de rosas de corte tratadas com produtos naturais

Use of natural products like floral preservative has contributed to reduce indiscriminate use of chemical products. Therefore, this research tested solutions to keep quality and to increase commercial durability of 'Vega' cv. cut roses. It was used a casual design in a factorial schema composed by six post harvest treatments and four evaluation dates. The following treatments were conducted: 1) Distilled water; 2) Metil jasmonate (350µM) application in pulsing form for four hours; 3) Metil jasmonate (500µM) spraying; 4) Mint oil (100ppm); 5) Ginger oil (100ppm); and 6) Propolis (0.05%) used as a maintenance solution. Flowers stayed in an environment at 20±2°C and 67±3% RH. Physiological and qualitative evaluations were conducted. Generally speaking, natural products presented a beneficial action over the shelf life of flowers. However, metil jasmonate spraying was, in all evaluated parameters, the most efficient product to maintain floral quality, providing a lower fresh mass loss and a lower respiratory rate of flowers. It also permitted improvement in coloration maintenance, water relative content and reducing sugars.

O uso de produtos naturais como conservantes florais vem contribuir para a redução do uso indiscriminado de produtos químicos potencialmente tóxicos. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho testar soluções para manter a qualidade e aumentar a durabilidade comercial de rosas vermelhas cortadas da cv. 'Vega'. Foi empregado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial composto por seis tratamentos pós-colheita e quatro datas de avaliação. Os tratamentos realizados foram os seguintes: 1) Água destilada; 2) Metil jasmonato (350µM); aplicado na forma de pulsing, por quatro horas; 3) Pulverização de Metil jasmonato (500µM); 4) Óleo de menta (100ppm); 5) Óleo de gengibre (100ppm); e 6) Própolis (0,05%), utilizados na forma de solução de manutenção. As flores foram mantidas em ambiente com temperatura de 20±2°C e umidade relativa de 67±3%. Procedeu-se a avaliações fisiológicas e qualitativas. De modo geral, os produtos naturais apresentaram ação benéfica sobre a vida de vaso das flores, entretanto, o uso do metil jasmonato em pulverização mostrou, em todos os parâmetros avaliados, ser o produto mais eficiente para manutenção da qualidade floral, promovendo menor perda de massa fresca e menor taxa respiratória das flores, além de permitir melhoria na manutenção da coloração, do conteúdo relativo de água e de carboidratos redutores.

Qualidade de rosas de corte tratadas com produtos naturais

Use of natural products like floral preservative has contributed to reduce indiscriminate use of chemical products. Therefore, this research tested solutions to keep quality and to increase commercial durability of 'Vega' cv. cut roses. It was used a casual design in a factorial schema composed by six post harvest treatments and four evaluation dates. The following treatments were conducted: 1) Distilled water; 2) Metil jasmonate (350µM) application in pulsing form for four hours; 3) Metil jasmonate (500µM) spraying; 4) Mint oil (100ppm); 5) Ginger oil (100ppm); and 6) Propolis (0.05%) used as a maintenance solution. Flowers stayed in an environment at 20±2°C and 67±3% RH. Physiological and qualitative evaluations were conducted. Generally speaking, natural products presented a beneficial action over the shelf life of flowers. However, metil jasmonate spraying was, in all evaluated parameters, the most efficient product to maintain floral quality, providing a lower fresh mass loss and a lower respiratory rate of flowers. It also permitted improvement in coloration maintenance, water relative content and reducing sugars.

O uso de produtos naturais como conservantes florais vem contribuir para a redução do uso indiscriminado de produtos químicos potencialmente tóxicos. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho testar soluções para manter a qualidade e aumentar a durabilidade comercial de rosas vermelhas cortadas da cv. 'Vega'. Foi empregado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial composto por seis tratamentos pós-colheita e quatro datas de avaliação. Os tratamentos realizados foram os seguintes: 1) Água destilada; 2) Metil jasmonato (350µM); aplicado na forma de pulsing, por quatro horas; 3) Pulverização de Metil jasmonato (500µM); 4) Óleo de menta (100ppm); 5) Óleo de gengibre (100ppm); e 6) Própolis (0,05%), utilizados na forma de solução de manutenção. As flores foram mantidas em ambiente com temperatura de 20±2°C e umidade relativa de 67±3%. Procedeu-se a avaliações fisiológicas e qualitativas. De modo geral, os produtos naturais apresentaram ação benéfica sobre a vida de vaso das flores, entretanto, o uso do metil jasmonato em pulverização mostrou, em todos os parâmetros avaliados, ser o produto mais eficiente para manutenção da qualidade floral, promovendo menor perda de massa fresca e menor taxa respiratória das flores, além de permitir melhoria na manutenção da coloração, do conteúdo relativo de água e de carboidratos redutores.

Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic ginger extract (Gengiber officinale) in accelerated incubator-storage test / Avaliação da capacidade antioxidante do extrato de gengibre (Gengiber officinale) adicionado ao óleo de soja em teste de estocagem acelerada

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of ginger ethanolic extract in soybean oil exposed to the accelerated incubator-storage test. Four treatments were prepared and analyzed by means of accelerated storage test in incubator at 60ºC during 12 days: synthetic antioxidant substance free - refined soybean oil (RSO) (control), soybean oil supplemented with 2500 mg/kg of ethanolic ginger extract RSO + EG, soybean oil supplemented with 50 mg/kg of synthetic antioxidant substanceTBHQ Terc-butilhidroquinone) RSO + TBHQ, and soybean oil supplemented with 2500 mg/kg of ethanolic ginger extract and 50 mg/kg of TBHQ RSO + M. Samples from each treatment were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage, and peroxide index and conjugated dienes were determined. The results from this analytical determination showed that the antioxidant capacity in ethanolic ginger extract decreases according to exposed treatment in the following order: OSR + M = OSR + TBHQ > OSR +EG > OSR.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante do extrato etanólico de gengibre em óleo de soja, submetido ao teste de estocagem acelerada. Quatro tratamentos foram preparados e submetidos a um teste de estocagem acelerada em estufa, a 60ºC durante 12 dias: óleo de soja refinado (OSR) isento de antioxidantes sintéticos OSR (controle), óleo de soja adicionado de 2.500mg/kg de extrato etanólico de gengibre OSR + EG, óleo de soja adicionado de 50 mg/kg do antioxidante sintético TBHQ (tercbutilhidroquinona) OSR + TBHQ e óleo de soja adicionado de 2.500mg/kg de extrato etanólico de gengibre mais 50 mg/kg de TBHQ OSR + M. Amostras de cada tratamento foram recolhidas nos tempos 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias de estocagem, e analisadas quanto ao índice de peróxidos e dienos conjugados. Os resultados das determinações analíticas mostraram que a capacidade antioxidante no extrato de gengibre decresce de acordo com os tratamentos utilizados e na seguinte ordem: OSR + M = OSR +TBHQ > OSR + EG > OSR.