Intranasal lymphoma in dog: clinical-pathological aspects and immune histochemical / Linfoma intranasal em cão: aspectos clínicopatológicos e imunoistoquímicos

The canine lymphoma rarely involves the nasal cavity. The diagnosis can be established by means of cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, where the latter is a valuable technique for identification and classification of tumor cells. The study describes a case of intranasal lymphoma in a dog, with the aid of immunodiagnostic. A canine, male, seven years old mongrel, had volume growth in all nasal dorsal and lateral, in association with anterior uveitis. As a complementary exam was asked to cytology of lymph nodes and nasal tumor. The cytological evaluation of the lymph nodes showed the presence of amastigotes of Leishmania spp., while the cytology of nasal tumors exhibited morphological pattern indicative of lymphoma. The animal euthanasia was opted and same animal was submitted for necropsy. The autopsy findings included the presence of tumor to the fullest extent of the nasal cavities, causing complete luminal obliteration. Nasal tumor, liver and eye fragments were collected, which were sent for histopathological analysis, and which revealed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of round cells, and suggested conducting immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the diagnosis. The immunohistochemical profile applied detected a lymphoma cells Natural Killer. The intranasal lymphoma in dogs is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract diseases. It is fundamental to the realization of immunohistochemical test, because it amounts to a valuable diagnostic tool for patients with lymphoma

O linfoma canino raramente envolve a cavidade nasal. O diagnóstico pode ser estabelecido por meio da citologia, histopatologia e imunoistoquímica, onde a ultima é uma técnica valiosa para a identificação e classificação de células tumorais. O trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de linfoma intranasal em um canino, com o auxílio do imunodiagnóstico. Um canino, macho, sete anos de idade, sem raça definida, possuía aumento de volume em toda região nasal dorsal e lateral, em associação com uveíte anterior. Como exame complementar solicitou-se citologia de linfonodos e da tumoração nasal. A avaliação citológica dos gânglios linfáticos evidenciou a presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp., enquanto a citologia da tumoração nasal exibiu padrão morfológico indicativo de linfoma. Optou-se pela eutanásia do animal e o mesmo foi encaminhado para necropsia. Os achados necroscópicos incluíram a presença de tumor em toda a extensão das cavidades nasais, ocasionando completa obliteração luminal e perda total dos ossos endoturbinados e conchas nasais. Foram coletados fragmentos do tumor nasal, fígado e globo ocular, os quais foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, a qual revelou proliferação neoplásica, composta por células redondas, sendo sugerida a realização de análise imunoistoquímica para confirmação diagnóstica. O perfil imunoistoquímico aplicado detectou um linfoma de células Natural Killer. O linfoma intranasal em cães muitas vezes é negligenciado no diagnóstico diferencial das enfermidades do trato respiratório superior. Torna-se fundamental a realização do ensaio imunoistoquímico, pois equivale a uma valiosa ferramenta diagnóstica para os pacientes com linfoma

Intranasal lymphoma in dog: clinical-pathological aspects and immune histochemical / Linfoma intranasal em cão: aspectos clínicopatológicos e imunoistoquímicos

The canine lymphoma rarely involves the nasal cavity. The diagnosis can be established by means of cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, where the latter is a valuable technique for identification and classification of tumor cells. The study describes a case of intranasal lymphoma in a dog, with the aid of immunodiagnostic. A canine, male, seven years old mongrel, had volume growth in all nasal dorsal and lateral, in association with anterior uveitis. As a complementary exam was asked to cytology of lymph nodes and nasal tumor. The cytological evaluation of the lymph nodes showed the presence of amastigotes of Leishmania spp., while the cytology of nasal tumors exhibited morphological pattern indicative of lymphoma. The animal euthanasia was opted and same animal was submitted for necropsy. The autopsy findings included the presence of tumor to the fullest extent of the nasal cavities, causing complete luminal obliteration. Nasal tumor, liver and eye fragments were collected, which were sent for histopathological analysis, and which revealed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of round cells, and suggested conducting immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the diagnosis. The immunohistochemical profile applied detected a lymphoma cells Natural Killer. The intranasal lymphoma in dogs is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract diseases. It is fundamental to the realization of immunohistochemical test, because it amounts to a valuable diagnostic tool for patients with lymphoma(AU)

O linfoma canino raramente envolve a cavidade nasal. O diagnóstico pode ser estabelecido por meio da citologia, histopatologia e imunoistoquímica, onde a ultima é uma técnica valiosa para a identificação e classificação de células tumorais. O trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de linfoma intranasal em um canino, com o auxílio do imunodiagnóstico. Um canino, macho, sete anos de idade, sem raça definida, possuía aumento de volume em toda região nasal dorsal e lateral, em associação com uveíte anterior. Como exame complementar solicitou-se citologia de linfonodos e da tumoração nasal. A avaliação citológica dos gânglios linfáticos evidenciou a presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp., enquanto a citologia da tumoração nasal exibiu padrão morfológico indicativo de linfoma. Optou-se pela eutanásia do animal e o mesmo foi encaminhado para necropsia. Os achados necroscópicos incluíram a presença de tumor em toda a extensão das cavidades nasais, ocasionando completa obliteração luminal e perda total dos ossos endoturbinados e conchas nasais. Foram coletados fragmentos do tumor nasal, fígado e globo ocular, os quais foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, a qual revelou proliferação neoplásica, composta por células redondas, sendo sugerida a realização de análise imunoistoquímica para confirmação diagnóstica. O perfil imunoistoquímico aplicado detectou um linfoma de células Natural Killer. O linfoma intranasal em cães muitas vezes é negligenciado no diagnóstico diferencial das enfermidades do trato respiratório superior. Torna-se fundamental a realização do ensaio imunoistoquímico, pois equivale a uma valiosa ferramenta diagnóstica para os pacientes com linfoma(AU)

Feline sporotrichosis: coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus in cats from an endemic area in Brazil

Background: Sporotrichosis is an endemic zoonosis in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro caused by fungi included in the Sporothrix complex, in which cats are the main source of infection for humans and animals. Coinfections in cats with sporotrichosis from this region, their risk factors and how they affect the treatment outcome in these animals are little known. The objectives of this study were to determine the coinfections of Sporothrix spp. with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and to correlate these infections with risk factors and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment in cats from an endemic area of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: It was conducted a cohort study involving 213 cats with definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and assisted in the Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO)/Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from November 2007 until February 2011. These animals were monthly evaluated due to sporotrichosis treatment until their sporotrichosis treatment outcomes. In every clinical evaluation, 5 mL of blood were collected in order to obtain the serum, which was stored at -20ºC. Information from the animals medical records have also been collected, such as sex, eating habits, living with other cats, access to the streets, castration, age and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment. Serological follow-up of anti-T. gondii antibodies were performed through indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in all clinical evaluations. The FIV and FeLV antibody detection were made through a rapid immunoassay using the catsserum samples from the first clinical evaluation.[...](AU)

Feline sporotrichosis: coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus in cats from an endemic area in Brazil

Background: Sporotrichosis is an endemic zoonosis in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro caused by fungi included in the Sporothrix complex, in which cats are the main source of infection for humans and animals. Coinfections in cats with sporotrichosis from this region, their risk factors and how they affect the treatment outcome in these animals are little known. The objectives of this study were to determine the coinfections of Sporothrix spp. with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and to correlate these infections with risk factors and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment in cats from an endemic area of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: It was conducted a cohort study involving 213 cats with definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and assisted in the Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO)/Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from November 2007 until February 2011. These animals were monthly evaluated due to sporotrichosis treatment until their sporotrichosis treatment outcomes. In every clinical evaluation, 5 mL of blood were collected in order to obtain the serum, which was stored at -20ºC. Information from the animal’s medical records have also been collected, such as sex, eating habits, living with other cats, access to the streets, castration, age and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment. Serological follow-up of anti-T. gondii antibodies were performed through indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in all clinical evaluations. The FIV and FeLV antibody detection were made through a rapid immunoassay using the cats’serum samples from the first clinical evaluation.[...]

Avian IgY antibodies: characteristics and applications in immunodiagnostic / Anticorpos IgY aviário: características e aplicações em imunodiagnóstico

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is the major antibody isotype in birds, reptiles, amphibia, and lungfish, playing a similar biological role as mammal IgG. Due to its phylogenetic distance, immune diversification and presence in the egg yolk, IgY provide a number of advantages in immunodiagnostic compared to IgG from mammals. Moreover, IgY production is in agreement with international efforts to reduce, refine and if possible, to replace animals in experimentation, contributing substantially in favor of animal welfare. This article presents an overview about structural and functional features, production and applications of IgY in immunodiagnostic, as well as the advantages of chicken antibodies use.(AU)

A imunoglobulina Y (IgY) é a classe de anticorpos de maior importância em aves, répteis, anfíbios e peixes pulmonados, desempenhando um papel semelhante a IgG de mamíferos. Devido a sua distância filogenética, mecanismos de diversificação imune e presença na gema do ovo, IgY proporciona uma série de vantagens em imunodiagnóstico, quando comparada a IgG de mamíferos. Além disso, esse método alternativo de produção de anticorpo está de acordo com os esforços internacionais para reduzir, refinar e, se possível, substituir animais em experimentação, contribuindo substancialmente a favor do bem-estar animal. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre as características estruturais e funcionais da IgY, bem como os métodos de produção, vantagens e aplicações em imunodiagnóstico, além das vantagens da sua utilização.(AU)

LEVANTAMENTO SOROLÓGICO, ISOLAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO GENÉTICA DE Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle e Manceaux, 1909) EM GALINHAS DE VIDA LIVRE (Gallus domesticus) ABATIDAS NA BAHIA

A toxoplasmose é uma enfermidade que acomete diversos animais e também o homem, podendo causar desde infecção assintomática até sinais clínicos mais graves. As galinhas de vida livre são excelentes indicadores de contaminação ambiental por Toxoplasma gondii e, por isso são comumente utilizadas para determinação do perfil genético deste parasito. Dessa forma, no presente estudo foram utilizadas 504 amostras de soro de galinhas na determinação da prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii através do MAT, sendo 252 (50%) dessas destinadas à determinação da concordância entre as técnicas sorológicas mais utilizadas, MAT, HAI e IFI, inicialmente com diluições estabelecidas de 1:25, 1:16 e 1:16, respectivamente, e posteriormente diluídos em 1:25. Foi realizada ainda a genotipagem de 25 isolados de T. gondii provenientes desses animais, pela técnica de PCR-RFLP utilizando onze marcadores genéticos (SAG1, 53SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico e CS3). A prevalência de animais positivos foi de 27% (136/504). Houve concordância maior entre MAT e HAI, e menor entre MAT e IFI em ambos pontos de corte utilizados. A PCR dos tecidos das galinhas revelou presença de DNA do parasito em 42,9% no cérebro e 28,6% no coração. Oito genótipos de T. gondii foram identificados a partir de 25 isolados, três deles nunca relatados anteriormente. Quatro apresentaram isolados únicos, um correspondente à linhagem clonal brasileira BrIII. Cinco isolados apresentaram infecção mista e dois genótipos incompletos. O alelo único foi observado no locus c22-8, dois isolados diferiram do genótipo brasileiro BrII apenas no locus c29-2 e nenhum isolado foi correspondente às estirpes clonais I, II ou III. Verificou-se concordância entre a mortalidade dos animais e a presença dos alelos I e III no locus CS3, onde 60% (15/25) dos isolados apresentaram o alelo I e causaram sinais clínicos e mortalidade, sedo estes provenientes na microrregião de Ilhéus-Itabuna, e os demais apresentaram o alelo III e foram responsáveis pela sobrevivência dos animais inoculados. Este estudo demonstrou que o HAI pode ser utilizados na viii ausência do MAT, no ponto de corte de 1:16, porém a IFI não é indicada, e que os isolados de T. gondii a partir de galinhas de vida livre da Bahia confirmaram a elevada variabilidade genética existente no Brasil e podem representar grande risco para a população humana e também de animais do Estado.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease that affects several animals and also man, and can cause from asymptomatic infection to more severe clinical signs. Free-range chickens are excellent indicators of environmental contamination by Toxoplasma gondii and are therefore commonly used to determine the genetic profile of this parasite. Thus, in the present study, 504 serum samples from chickens were used to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies through MAT, of which 252 (50%) were used to determine the agreement between the most used serological techniques, MAT, HAI and IFAT, initially with established dilutions of 1:25, 1:16 and 1:16, respectively, and subsequently diluted 1:25. We also performed the genotyping of 25 T. gondii isolates from these animals using the PCR-RFLP technique using eleven genetic markers (SAG1, 5'3'SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3). The prevalence of positive animals was 27% (136/504). There was greater agreement between MAT and HAI, and lower between MAT and IFAT at both cut-off points used. PCR of chicken tissues revealed presence of parasite DNA in 42.9% in the brain and 28.6% in the heart. Eight genotypes of T. gondii were identified from 25 isolates, three of them never previously reported. Four presented single isolates, one corresponding to the brazilian clonal line BrIII. Five isolates presented mixed infection and two incomplete genotypes. The single allele was observed at the c22-8 locus, two isolates differed from the brazilian genotype BrII only at the c29-2 locus and no isolates corresponded to clonal strains I, II or III. There was concordance between the mortality of the animals and the presence of alleles I and III in the CS3 locus, where 60% (15/25) of the isolates presented the allele I and caused clinical signs and mortality, coming from the micro-region of Ilhéus-Itabuna, and the others presented the III allele and were responsible for the survival of the inoculated animals. This study demonstrated that HAI can be used in the absence of MAT, at the cut-off point of 1:16, but IFAT is not indicated, and that T. gondii isolates from free-range chickens from Bahia x confirmed the high genetic variability in Brazil and may pose a great risk to the human population and also to animals of the State.